https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&feed=atom&action=historyZARAHEMLA - Revision history2024-03-29T11:16:50ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.4https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=14112&oldid=prevRfs at 07:24, 25 November 20232023-11-25T07:24:41Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Possibly hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zerʿa-ḥemlâ'' "Seed of Compassion" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), or "Merciful scattering," employing ''ḥemlâ'' "mercy, compassion, pity, commiseration" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/19.16?lang=eng#15 Genesis 19:16]), and the same Semitic root is a loanword (''ḥml'') in 20th Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] as ''ḥa-ma-nra'' "Be merciful, Have Compassion!"<ref>[[James E. Hoch|James Hoch]], ''Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period'', ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994), 226-227.</ref> [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]] argues that ''ḥemlâ'' looks like a feminine participle from the verb "to pity." If so, the preceding element in the name would probably not be a verb, thus perhaps leaving us with the meaning "Merciful-scion." This proposed name is structured somewhat like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʿ hammělûkâ'', ''zeraʿ hammamlākâ'' "royal descendant" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jer/41.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Jeremiah 41:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/11.1?lang=eng#primary 2 Kings 11:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/25.25?lang=eng#24 25:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/17.13?lang=eng#12 Ezekiel 17:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/dan/1.3?lang=eng#2 Daniel 1:3]),<ref>[[Hayim ben Yosef Tawil]]. ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymological-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic.'' (Jersey City: [[(Jewish Publisher)|KTAV]] Pub. House, 2009), 95-96.</ref> and like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʽ ʼĕlōhîm'' "progeny of God, godly offspring" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/2.15?lang=eng#14 Malachi 2:15]),<ref>Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', Anchor Bible 25D (Yale Univ. Press/Doubleday, 1998), 201.</ref> and the Neo-Babylonian [[Personal Name|PN]] ''Zer-babili'',<ref>Bryan E. Beyer. "Zerubbabel." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1085.</ref> the [[Personal Name|PN]] of the late biblical prince and governor ''Zerubbabel'' "Scion/Offspring of Babylon, Seed-of-Babylon, Born-in-Babylon" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/3.19?lang=eng#18 1 Chronicles 3:19], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/3.2?lang=eng#1 Ezra 3:2] = Sheshbazzar, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/1.8?lang=eng#7 Ezra 1:8]; [[New Testament|NT]] ''Zorobabel'' [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.12-13?lang=eng#11 Matthew 1:12-13]).<ref>[[John A. Tvedtnes|John A. Tvedtnes]], "Hebrew Names in the Book of Mormon," 3, citing especially [[Stephen D. Ricks|Stephen Ricks]] & [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):259.</ref> Note also that each is a royal descendant of the House of [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]. Word-play based on this etymology has been found by Pedro Olavarria and David Bokovoy at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/9.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 9:2], and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.24?lang=eng#23 3 Nephi 8:24] (based on use of ''ḥml'' "spared" at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/15.9?lang=eng#8 1 Samuel 15:9]).<ref>In Insights 30/5 (2010), online at http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=58&id=917, and at [[Mormon dialogue & discussion board www.mormondialogue.org|MDDB]] online at http://www.mormondialogue.org/topic/52705-zarahemla-revisiting-the-seed-of-compassion/. Cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 8:21] "seed of Zedekiah" = people of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>'''.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Possibly hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zerʿa-ḥemlâ'' "Seed of Compassion" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), or "Merciful scattering," employing <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">חמלה </ins>''ḥemlâ'' "mercy, compassion, pity, commiseration" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/19.16?lang=eng#15 Genesis 19:16]), and the same Semitic root is a loanword (''ḥml'') in 20th Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] as ''ḥa-ma-nra'' "Be merciful, Have Compassion!"<ref>[[James E. Hoch|James Hoch]], ''Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period'', ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994), 226-227.</ref> [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]] argues that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">חמלה </ins>''ḥemlâ'' looks like a feminine participle from the verb "to pity." If so, the preceding element in the name would probably not be a verb, thus perhaps leaving us with the meaning "Merciful-scion." This proposed name is structured somewhat like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">זרע </ins>''zeraʿ hammělûkâ'', ''zeraʿ hammamlākâ'' "royal descendant" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jer/41.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Jeremiah 41:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/11.1?lang=eng#primary 2 Kings 11:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/25.25?lang=eng#24 25:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/17.13?lang=eng#12 Ezekiel 17:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/dan/1.3?lang=eng#2 Daniel 1:3]),<ref>[[Hayim ben Yosef Tawil]]. ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymological-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic.'' (Jersey City: [[(Jewish Publisher)|KTAV]] Pub. House, 2009), 95-96.</ref> and like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʽ ʼĕlōhîm'' "progeny of God, godly offspring" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/2.15?lang=eng#14 Malachi 2:15]),<ref>Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', Anchor Bible 25D (Yale Univ. Press/Doubleday, 1998), 201.</ref> and the Neo-Babylonian [[Personal Name|PN]] ''Zer-babili'',<ref>Bryan E. Beyer. "Zerubbabel." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1085.</ref> the [[Personal Name|PN]] of the late biblical prince and governor ''Zerubbabel'' "Scion/Offspring of Babylon, Seed-of-Babylon, Born-in-Babylon" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/3.19?lang=eng#18 1 Chronicles 3:19], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/3.2?lang=eng#1 Ezra 3:2] = Sheshbazzar, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/1.8?lang=eng#7 Ezra 1:8]; [[New Testament|NT]] ''Zorobabel'' [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.12-13?lang=eng#11 Matthew 1:12-13]).<ref>[[John A. Tvedtnes|John A. Tvedtnes]], "Hebrew Names in the Book of Mormon," 3, citing especially [[Stephen D. Ricks|Stephen Ricks]] & [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):259.</ref> Note also that each is a royal descendant of the House of [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]. Word-play based on this etymology has been found by Pedro Olavarria and David Bokovoy at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/9.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 9:2], and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.24?lang=eng#23 3 Nephi 8:24] (based on use of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">חמל </ins>''ḥml'' "spared" at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/15.9?lang=eng#8 1 Samuel 15:9]).<ref>In Insights 30/5 (2010), online at http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=58&id=917, and at [[Mormon dialogue & discussion board www.mormondialogue.org|MDDB]] online at http://www.mormondialogue.org/topic/52705-zarahemla-revisiting-the-seed-of-compassion/. Cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 8:21] "seed of Zedekiah" = people of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>'''.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternatively, [[Jo Ann Hackett|Jo Ann Hackett]] compared the King James Bible [[Personal Name|PN]]s ''Zarah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/38.30?lang=eng#29 Genesis 38:30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/46.12?lang=eng#11 46:12]), ''Zerah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/36.13,%2017,%2033?lang=eng#12 Genesis 36:13, 17, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.37?lang=eng#36 1 Chronicles 1:37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.24?lang=eng#23 Nehemiah 11:24]), ''Zara'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3]), all based on [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zaraḥ'', ''Zeraḥ'', "Shine foroth, Light up; Dawn; Risen-Like-the-Morning-Sun" (hypocoristic [[Personal Name|PN]] for [[King James Version|KJV]] Zerahiah ''Zeraḥ-Yah'' "YHWH has Risen Like the Morning Sun"<ref>Ernst Axel Knauf. "Zerah." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1080; [[George Reynolds| George Reynolds]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon.'' (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1954), 315; cf. Rodney H. Shearer, "Zerahiah," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1081, who notes additional interpretations: "YHWH will arise/shine; YHWH has dawned"; Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', [[Anchor Bible. 88 vols.|AB]] 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 349; cf. the solar symbolism in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.4-6?lang=eng#3 Psalms 19:4-6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/84.11?lang=eng#10 84:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/4.2?lang=eng#1 Malachi 4:2] (3:20 [[Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.|MT]]), [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/luke/1.78-79?lang=eng#77 Luke 1:78-79]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/rev/1.16?lang=eng#15 Revelation 1:16].</ref> [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zrḥy'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraei'', and that [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zryh'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraia''.<ref>J.W. Wevers and D.B. Redford, eds., ''Essays on the Ancient Semitic World'' xii. (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies, 1970),107,; Wevers compares the Old South Arabic [[Personal Name|PN]] ''Ðrḥ'' (voiceless interdental spirant).</ref> Cf. the [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] practice of naming a land for its capital city.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternatively, [[Jo Ann Hackett|Jo Ann Hackett]] compared the King James Bible [[Personal Name|PN]]s ''Zarah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/38.30?lang=eng#29 Genesis 38:30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/46.12?lang=eng#11 46:12]), ''Zerah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/36.13,%2017,%2033?lang=eng#12 Genesis 36:13, 17, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.37?lang=eng#36 1 Chronicles 1:37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.24?lang=eng#23 Nehemiah 11:24]), ''Zara'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3]), all based on [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">זרח </ins>''Zaraḥ'', ''Zeraḥ'', "Shine foroth, Light up; Dawn; Risen-Like-the-Morning-Sun" (hypocoristic [[Personal Name|PN]] for [[King James Version|KJV]] Zerahiah ''Zeraḥ-Yah'' "YHWH has Risen Like the Morning Sun"<ref>Ernst Axel Knauf. "Zerah." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1080; [[George Reynolds| George Reynolds]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon.'' (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1954), 315; cf. Rodney H. Shearer, "Zerahiah," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1081, who notes additional interpretations: "YHWH will arise/shine; YHWH has dawned"; Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', [[Anchor Bible. 88 vols.|AB]] 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 349; cf. the solar symbolism in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.4-6?lang=eng#3 Psalms 19:4-6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/84.11?lang=eng#10 84:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/4.2?lang=eng#1 Malachi 4:2] (3:20 [[Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.|MT]]), [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/luke/1.78-79?lang=eng#77 Luke 1:78-79]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/rev/1.16?lang=eng#15 Revelation 1:16].</ref> [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zrḥy'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraei'', and that [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zryh'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraia''.<ref>J.W. Wevers and D.B. Redford, eds., ''Essays on the Ancient Semitic World'' xii. (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies, 1970),107,; Wevers compares the Old South Arabic [[Personal Name|PN]] ''Ðrḥ'' (voiceless interdental spirant).</ref> Cf. the [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] practice of naming a land for its capital city.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zĕrōʿ-ḥemla'' "Arm of mercy," an English phrase used three times in the Book of Mormon, including once by [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.14?lang=eng#13 3 Nephi 9:14], which could be a play on words (pun) on the name of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>''' (using a folk etymology), whose destruction he had just mentioned ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Cf. for example, the reading ''zeraʽ'' in [[Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.|MT]], which is not supported by [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] Greek ''omos'' "shoulder" and Vulgate ''brachium'' "forearm," which means that the correct reading should be ''zĕrōʿa'' "arm."<ref>Andrew E. Hill, "Malachi", ''Anchor Bible Dictionary.'' 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 9, 200-201.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zĕrōʿ-ḥemla'' "Arm of mercy," an English phrase used three times in the Book of Mormon, including once by [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.14?lang=eng#13 3 Nephi 9:14], which could be a play on words (pun) on the name of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>''' (using a folk etymology), whose destruction he had just mentioned ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Cf. for example, the reading ''zeraʽ'' in [[Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.|MT]], which is not supported by [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] Greek ''omos'' "shoulder" and Vulgate ''brachium'' "forearm," which means that the correct reading should be ''zĕrōʿa'' "arm."<ref>Andrew E. Hill, "Malachi", ''Anchor Bible Dictionary.'' 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 9, 200-201.</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Rfshttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=12661&oldid=prevJKeenerInd: Added Name Index2015-11-22T00:04:44Z<p>Added Name Index</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Wevers, J. W. "''Ḥeth'' in Classical Hebrew," in Wevers & Redford, eds., ''[[J. W. Wevers, and D. B. Redford, eds. Essays on the Ancient Semitic World. Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies 1. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1970.|EASW]]'', 101-112.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Wevers, J. W. "''Ḥeth'' in Classical Hebrew," in Wevers & Redford, eds., ''[[J. W. Wevers, and D. B. Redford, eds. Essays on the Ancient Semitic World. Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies 1. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1970.|EASW]]'', 101-112.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><div style="text-align: center;"> [[UZZIAH|<<]] Zarahemla [[ZEBULUN|>>]] </div></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==[[Name Index]]==</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[A]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[B]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[E]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[M]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[R]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>JKeenerIndhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=11807&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 06:53, 22 November 20142014-11-22T06:53:35Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:53, 22 November 2014</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l27">Line 27:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''Zārâ-ḥemlâ'' "Scattering of mercy," employing piel [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zrh'' "to scatter, spread," i.e., the scattering of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] among the nations ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Ibid., 201.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''Zārâ-ḥemlâ'' "Scattering of mercy," employing piel [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zrh'' "to scatter, spread," i.e., the scattering of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] among the nations ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Ibid., 201.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Margaret Barker combines several of these meanings into complex wordplay designed to communicate the deeper meaning of the Servant Songs of [[ISAIAH|I<small>SAIAH</small>]]: "To whom has the '''arm''' [''zĕrōʿa''] of the LORD been revealed?" can also mean "To whom has the '''seed'''/'''son''' [''zeraʿ''] of the LORD been revealed?" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.1?lang=eng#primary Isaiah 53:1] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.1?lang=eng#primary Mosiah 14:1]; cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/15.31?lang=eng#30 Mosiah 15:31] "The Lord hath made bare his holy '''arm'''") without changing the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] consonantal text - especially since the next line reads "he grew up before him as a suckling child" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.2?lang=eng#1 Isaiah 53:2] [ [[Revised Standard Version|RSV]] "young plant"; [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] "little child"] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 14:2]) - and this coheres with [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.10?lang=eng#9 Isaiah 53:10]||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.10?lang=eng#9 Mosiah 14:10] "he shall see his '''seed/offspring''', " which can also be read "he shall be revealed as the '''son'''."<ref>Margaret Barker, ''Temple Mysticism: An Introduction.'' (London: SPCK Publishing, 2011), 157, 162.</ref> This is merely part of the much broader liturgical and esoteric content of First Temple Israelite religion jettisoned by Deuteronomistic revisionism - according to Barker - a revisionism which did not infect the Book of Mormon.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Margaret Barker combines several of these meanings into complex wordplay designed to communicate the deeper meaning of the Servant Songs of [[ISAIAH|I<small>SAIAH</small>]]: "To whom has the '''arm''' [''zĕrōʿa''] of the LORD been revealed?" can also mean "To whom has the '''seed'''/'''son''' [''zeraʿ''] of the LORD been revealed?" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.1?lang=eng#primary Isaiah 53:1] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.1?lang=eng#primary Mosiah 14:1]; cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/15.31?lang=eng#30 Mosiah 15:31] "The Lord hath made bare his holy '''arm'''") without changing the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] consonantal text - especially since the next line reads "he grew up before him as a suckling child" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.2?lang=eng#1 Isaiah 53:2] [ [[Revised Standard Version|RSV]] "young plant"; [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] "little child"] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 14:2]) - and this coheres with [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.10?lang=eng#9 Isaiah 53:10]||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.10?lang=eng#9 Mosiah 14:10] "he shall see his '''seed/offspring''', " which can also be read "he shall be revealed as the '''son'''."<ref>Margaret Barker, ''Temple Mysticism: An Introduction.'' (London: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|</ins>SPCK<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>Publishing, 2011), 157, 162.</ref> This is merely part of the much broader liturgical and esoteric content of First Temple Israelite religion jettisoned by Deuteronomistic revisionism - according to Barker - a revisionism which did not infect the Book of Mormon.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[ZERAHEMNAH|Z<small>ERAHEMNAH</small>]], [[ZERAM|Z<small>ERAM</small>]], [[ZERIN|Z<small>ERIN</small>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[ZERAHEMNAH|Z<small>ERAHEMNAH</small>]], [[ZERAM|Z<small>ERAM</small>]], [[ZERIN|Z<small>ERIN</small>]].</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Barker, Margaret. ''Temple Mysticism: An Introduction''. SPCK, 2011.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Barker, Margaret. ''Temple Mysticism: An Introduction''. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|</ins>SPCK<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, 2011.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beyer, Bryan E. "Zerubbabel," in Freedman, ed., ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI:1085.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beyer, Bryan E. "Zerubbabel," in Freedman, ed., ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI:1085.</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=11791&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 19:02, 21 November 20142014-11-21T19:02:26Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Knauf, Ernst A. "Zerah," in Freedan, ed., ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI:1080-1081.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Knauf, Ernst A. "Zerah," in Freedan, ed., ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI:1080-1081.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[George Reynolds|Reynolds, George]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon''. SLC: J. H. Parry, 1891.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[George Reynolds|Reynolds, George]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon''. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Salt Lake City|</ins>SLC<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>: J. H. Parry, 1891.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Stephen D. Ricks|Ricks, Stephen D.]], and [[John A. Tvedtnes]]. "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):255-259.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Stephen D. Ricks|Ricks, Stephen D.]], and [[John A. Tvedtnes]]. "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):255-259.</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=11739&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 05:59, 15 November 20142014-11-15T05:59:38Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:59, 14 November 2014</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''Zārâ-ḥemlâ'' "Scattering of mercy," employing piel [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zrh'' "to scatter, spread," i.e., the scattering of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] among the nations ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Ibid., 201.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''Zārâ-ḥemlâ'' "Scattering of mercy," employing piel [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zrh'' "to scatter, spread," i.e., the scattering of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] among the nations ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Ibid., 201.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Margaret Barker combines several of these meanings into complex wordplay designed to communicate the deeper meaning of the Servant Songs of [[ISAIAH|I<small>SAIAH</small>]]: "To whom has the '''arm''' [''zĕrōʿa''] of the LORD been revealed?" can also mean "To whom has the '''seed'''/'''son''' [''zeraʿ''] of the LORD been revealed?" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.1?lang=eng#primary Isaiah 53:1] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.1?lang=eng#primary Mosiah 14:1]; cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/15.31?lang=eng#30 Mosiah 15:31] "The Lord hath made bare his holy '''arm'''") without changing the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] consonantal text - especially since the next line reads "he grew up before him as a suckling child" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.2?lang=eng#1 Isaiah 53:2] [ [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abbreviations</del>|RSV]] "young plant"; [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] "little child"] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 14:2]) - and this coheres with [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.10?lang=eng#9 Isaiah 53:10]||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.10?lang=eng#9 Mosiah 14:10] "he shall see his '''seed/offspring''', " which can also be read "he shall be revealed as the '''son'''."<ref>Margaret Barker, ''Temple Mysticism: An Introduction.'' (London: SPCK Publishing, 2011), 157, 162.</ref> This is merely part of the much broader liturgical and esoteric content of First Temple Israelite religion jettisoned by Deuteronomistic revisionism - according to Barker - a revisionism which did not infect the Book of Mormon.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Margaret Barker combines several of these meanings into complex wordplay designed to communicate the deeper meaning of the Servant Songs of [[ISAIAH|I<small>SAIAH</small>]]: "To whom has the '''arm''' [''zĕrōʿa''] of the LORD been revealed?" can also mean "To whom has the '''seed'''/'''son''' [''zeraʿ''] of the LORD been revealed?" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.1?lang=eng#primary Isaiah 53:1] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.1?lang=eng#primary Mosiah 14:1]; cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/15.31?lang=eng#30 Mosiah 15:31] "The Lord hath made bare his holy '''arm'''") without changing the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] consonantal text - especially since the next line reads "he grew up before him as a suckling child" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.2?lang=eng#1 Isaiah 53:2] [ [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Revised Standard Version</ins>|RSV]] "young plant"; [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] "little child"] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 14:2]) - and this coheres with [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.10?lang=eng#9 Isaiah 53:10]||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.10?lang=eng#9 Mosiah 14:10] "he shall see his '''seed/offspring''', " which can also be read "he shall be revealed as the '''son'''."<ref>Margaret Barker, ''Temple Mysticism: An Introduction.'' (London: SPCK Publishing, 2011), 157, 162.</ref> This is merely part of the much broader liturgical and esoteric content of First Temple Israelite religion jettisoned by Deuteronomistic revisionism - according to Barker - a revisionism which did not infect the Book of Mormon.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[ZERAHEMNAH|Z<small>ERAHEMNAH</small>]], [[ZERAM|Z<small>ERAM</small>]], [[ZERIN|Z<small>ERIN</small>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[ZERAHEMNAH|Z<small>ERAHEMNAH</small>]], [[ZERAM|Z<small>ERAM</small>]], [[ZERIN|Z<small>ERIN</small>]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=11699&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 06:05, 14 November 20142014-11-14T06:05:14Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:05, 14 November 2014</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Possibly hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zerʿa-ḥemlâ'' "Seed of Compassion" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), or "Merciful scattering," employing ''ḥemlâ'' "mercy, compassion, pity, commiseration" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/19.16?lang=eng#15 Genesis 19:16]), and the same Semitic root is a loanword (''ḥml'') in 20th Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] as ''ḥa-ma-nra'' "Be merciful, Have Compassion!"<ref>[[James E. Hoch|James Hoch]], ''Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period'', ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994), 226-227.</ref> [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]] argues that ''ḥemlâ'' looks like a feminine participle from the verb "to pity." If so, the preceding element in the name would probably not be a verb, thus perhaps leaving us with the meaning "Merciful-scion." This proposed name is structured somewhat like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʿ hammělûkâ'', ''zeraʿ hammamlākâ'' "royal descendant" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jer/41.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Jeremiah 41:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/11.1?lang=eng#primary 2 Kings 11:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/25.25?lang=eng#24 25:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/17.13?lang=eng#12 Ezekiel 17:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/dan/1.3?lang=eng#2 Daniel 1:3]),<ref>[[Hayim ben Yosef Tawil]]. ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymological-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic.'' (Jersey City: [[(Jewish Publisher)|KTAV]] Pub. House, 2009), 95-96.</ref> and like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʽ ʼĕlōhîm'' "progeny of God, godly offspring" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/2.15?lang=eng#14 Malachi 2:15]),<ref>Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', Anchor Bible 25D (Yale Univ. Press/Doubleday, 1998), 201.</ref> and the Neo-Babylonian PN ''Zer-babili'',<ref>Bryan E. Beyer. "Zerubbabel." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1085.</ref> the PN of the late biblical prince and governor ''Zerubbabel'' "Scion/Offspring of Babylon, Seed-of-Babylon, Born-in-Babylon" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/3.19?lang=eng#18 1 Chronicles 3:19], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/3.2?lang=eng#1 Ezra 3:2] = Sheshbazzar, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/1.8?lang=eng#7 Ezra 1:8]; [[New Testament|NT]] ''Zorobabel'' [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.12-13?lang=eng#11 Matthew 1:12-13]).<ref>[[John A. Tvedtnes|John A. Tvedtnes]], "Hebrew Names in the Book of Mormon," 3, citing especially [[Stephen D. Ricks|Stephen Ricks]] & [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):259.</ref> Note also that each is a royal descendant of the House of [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]. Word-play based on this etymology has been found by Pedro Olavarria and David Bokovoy at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/9.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 9:2], and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.24?lang=eng#23 3 Nephi 8:24] (based on use of ''ḥml'' "spared" at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/15.9?lang=eng#8 1 Samuel 15:9]).<ref>In Insights 30/5 (2010), online at http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=58&id=917, and at [[Mormon dialogue & discussion board www.mormondialogue.org|MDDB]] online at http://www.mormondialogue.org/topic/52705-zarahemla-revisiting-the-seed-of-compassion/. Cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 8:21] "seed of Zedekiah" = people of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>'''.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Possibly hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zerʿa-ḥemlâ'' "Seed of Compassion" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), or "Merciful scattering," employing ''ḥemlâ'' "mercy, compassion, pity, commiseration" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/19.16?lang=eng#15 Genesis 19:16]), and the same Semitic root is a loanword (''ḥml'') in 20th Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] as ''ḥa-ma-nra'' "Be merciful, Have Compassion!"<ref>[[James E. Hoch|James Hoch]], ''Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period'', ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994), 226-227.</ref> [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]] argues that ''ḥemlâ'' looks like a feminine participle from the verb "to pity." If so, the preceding element in the name would probably not be a verb, thus perhaps leaving us with the meaning "Merciful-scion." This proposed name is structured somewhat like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʿ hammělûkâ'', ''zeraʿ hammamlākâ'' "royal descendant" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jer/41.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Jeremiah 41:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/11.1?lang=eng#primary 2 Kings 11:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/25.25?lang=eng#24 25:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/17.13?lang=eng#12 Ezekiel 17:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/dan/1.3?lang=eng#2 Daniel 1:3]),<ref>[[Hayim ben Yosef Tawil]]. ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymological-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic.'' (Jersey City: [[(Jewish Publisher)|KTAV]] Pub. House, 2009), 95-96.</ref> and like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʽ ʼĕlōhîm'' "progeny of God, godly offspring" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/2.15?lang=eng#14 Malachi 2:15]),<ref>Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', Anchor Bible 25D (Yale Univ. Press/Doubleday, 1998), 201.</ref> and the Neo-Babylonian <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Personal Name|</ins>PN<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>''Zer-babili'',<ref>Bryan E. Beyer. "Zerubbabel." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1085.</ref> the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Personal Name|</ins>PN<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>of the late biblical prince and governor ''Zerubbabel'' "Scion/Offspring of Babylon, Seed-of-Babylon, Born-in-Babylon" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/3.19?lang=eng#18 1 Chronicles 3:19], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/3.2?lang=eng#1 Ezra 3:2] = Sheshbazzar, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/1.8?lang=eng#7 Ezra 1:8]; [[New Testament|NT]] ''Zorobabel'' [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.12-13?lang=eng#11 Matthew 1:12-13]).<ref>[[John A. Tvedtnes|John A. Tvedtnes]], "Hebrew Names in the Book of Mormon," 3, citing especially [[Stephen D. Ricks|Stephen Ricks]] & [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):259.</ref> Note also that each is a royal descendant of the House of [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]. Word-play based on this etymology has been found by Pedro Olavarria and David Bokovoy at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/9.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 9:2], and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.24?lang=eng#23 3 Nephi 8:24] (based on use of ''ḥml'' "spared" at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/15.9?lang=eng#8 1 Samuel 15:9]).<ref>In Insights 30/5 (2010), online at http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=58&id=917, and at [[Mormon dialogue & discussion board www.mormondialogue.org|MDDB]] online at http://www.mormondialogue.org/topic/52705-zarahemla-revisiting-the-seed-of-compassion/. Cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 8:21] "seed of Zedekiah" = people of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>'''.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternatively, [[Jo Ann Hackett|Jo Ann Hackett]] compared the King James Bible <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PNs </del>''Zarah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/38.30?lang=eng#29 Genesis 38:30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/46.12?lang=eng#11 46:12]), ''Zerah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/36.13,%2017,%2033?lang=eng#12 Genesis 36:13, 17, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.37?lang=eng#36 1 Chronicles 1:37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.24?lang=eng#23 Nehemiah 11:24]), ''Zara'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3]), all based on [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zaraḥ'', ''Zeraḥ'', "Shine foroth, Light up; Dawn; Risen-Like-the-Morning-Sun" (hypocoristic PN for [[King James Version|KJV]] Zerahiah ''Zeraḥ-Yah'' "YHWH has Risen Like the Morning Sun"<ref>Ernst Axel Knauf. "Zerah." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1080; [[George Reynolds| George Reynolds]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon.'' (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1954), 315; cf. Rodney H. Shearer, "Zerahiah," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1081, who notes additional interpretations: "YHWH will arise/shine; YHWH has dawned"; Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', [[Anchor Bible. 88 vols.|AB]] 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 349; cf. the solar symbolism in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.4-6?lang=eng#3 Psalms 19:4-6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/84.11?lang=eng#10 84:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/4.2?lang=eng#1 Malachi 4:2] (3:20 [[Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.|MT]]), [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/luke/1.78-79?lang=eng#77 Luke 1:78-79]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/rev/1.16?lang=eng#15 Revelation 1:16].</ref> [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zrḥy'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraei'', and that [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zryh'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraia''.<ref>J.W. Wevers and D.B. Redford, eds., ''Essays on the Ancient Semitic World'' xii. (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies, 1970),107,; Wevers compares the Old South Arabic PN ''Ðrḥ'' (voiceless interdental spirant).</ref> Cf. the [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] practice of naming a land for its capital city.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternatively, [[Jo Ann Hackett|Jo Ann Hackett]] compared the King James Bible <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Personal Name|PN]]s </ins>''Zarah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/38.30?lang=eng#29 Genesis 38:30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/46.12?lang=eng#11 46:12]), ''Zerah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/36.13,%2017,%2033?lang=eng#12 Genesis 36:13, 17, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.37?lang=eng#36 1 Chronicles 1:37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.24?lang=eng#23 Nehemiah 11:24]), ''Zara'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3]), all based on [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zaraḥ'', ''Zeraḥ'', "Shine foroth, Light up; Dawn; Risen-Like-the-Morning-Sun" (hypocoristic <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Personal Name|</ins>PN<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>for [[King James Version|KJV]] Zerahiah ''Zeraḥ-Yah'' "YHWH has Risen Like the Morning Sun"<ref>Ernst Axel Knauf. "Zerah." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1080; [[George Reynolds| George Reynolds]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon.'' (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1954), 315; cf. Rodney H. Shearer, "Zerahiah," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1081, who notes additional interpretations: "YHWH will arise/shine; YHWH has dawned"; Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', [[Anchor Bible. 88 vols.|AB]] 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 349; cf. the solar symbolism in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.4-6?lang=eng#3 Psalms 19:4-6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/84.11?lang=eng#10 84:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/4.2?lang=eng#1 Malachi 4:2] (3:20 [[Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.|MT]]), [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/luke/1.78-79?lang=eng#77 Luke 1:78-79]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/rev/1.16?lang=eng#15 Revelation 1:16].</ref> [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zrḥy'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraei'', and that [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zryh'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraia''.<ref>J.W. Wevers and D.B. Redford, eds., ''Essays on the Ancient Semitic World'' xii. (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies, 1970),107,; Wevers compares the Old South Arabic <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Personal Name|</ins>PN<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>''Ðrḥ'' (voiceless interdental spirant).</ref> Cf. the [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] practice of naming a land for its capital city.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zĕrōʿ-ḥemla'' "Arm of mercy," an English phrase used three times in the Book of Mormon, including once by [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.14?lang=eng#13 3 Nephi 9:14], which could be a play on words (pun) on the name of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>''' (using a folk etymology), whose destruction he had just mentioned ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Cf. for example, the reading ''zeraʽ'' in [[Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.|MT]], which is not supported by [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] Greek ''omos'' "shoulder" and Vulgate ''brachium'' "forearm," which means that the correct reading should be ''zĕrōʿa'' "arm."<ref>Andrew E. Hill, "Malachi", ''Anchor Bible Dictionary.'' 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 9, 200-201.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zĕrōʿ-ḥemla'' "Arm of mercy," an English phrase used three times in the Book of Mormon, including once by [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.14?lang=eng#13 3 Nephi 9:14], which could be a play on words (pun) on the name of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>''' (using a folk etymology), whose destruction he had just mentioned ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Cf. for example, the reading ''zeraʽ'' in [[Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.|MT]], which is not supported by [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] Greek ''omos'' "shoulder" and Vulgate ''brachium'' "forearm," which means that the correct reading should be ''zĕrōʿa'' "arm."<ref>Andrew E. Hill, "Malachi", ''Anchor Bible Dictionary.'' 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 9, 200-201.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l44">Line 44:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 44:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''zeraʿ měraʿîm'' “seed of evildoers” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/1.4?lang=eng#3 Isaiah 1:4]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/14.20?lang=eng#19 14:20])</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''zeraʿ měraʿîm'' “seed of evildoers” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/1.4?lang=eng#3 Isaiah 1:4]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/14.20?lang=eng#19 14:20])</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''zěrūbbābel'' “Seed-of-Babylon, Offspring-of-Babylon” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/hag/1.1,%2012?lang=eng#primary Haggai 1:1, 12]) PN</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''zěrūbbābel'' “Seed-of-Babylon, Offspring-of-Babylon” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/hag/1.1,%2012?lang=eng#primary Haggai 1:1, 12]) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Personal Name|</ins>PN<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>----</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Akkadian</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Akkadian</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''zēr-bābili'' “Seed, Offspring of Babylon” PN</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''zēr-bābili'' “Seed, Offspring of Babylon” <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Personal Name|</ins>PN<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''zēr šarrūti'' “royal descendant”</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''zēr šarrūti'' “royal descendant”</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=11479&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 00:14, 6 November 20142014-11-06T00:14:47Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Possibly hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zerʿa-ḥemlâ'' "Seed of Compassion" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), or "Merciful scattering," employing ''ḥemlâ'' "mercy, compassion, pity, commiseration" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/19.16?lang=eng#15 Genesis 19:16]), and the same Semitic root is a loanword (''ḥml'') in 20th Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] as ''ḥa-ma-nra'' "Be merciful, Have Compassion!"<ref>[[James E. Hoch|James Hoch]], ''Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period'', ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994), 226-227.</ref> [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]] argues that ''ḥemlâ'' looks like a feminine participle from the verb "to pity." If so, the preceding element in the name would probably not be a verb, thus perhaps leaving us with the meaning "Merciful-scion." This proposed name is structured somewhat like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʿ hammělûkâ'', ''zeraʿ hammamlākâ'' "royal descendant" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jer/41.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Jeremiah 41:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/11.1?lang=eng#primary 2 Kings 11:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/25.25?lang=eng#24 25:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/17.13?lang=eng#12 Ezekiel 17:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/dan/1.3?lang=eng#2 Daniel 1:3]),<ref>[[Hayim ben Yosef Tawil]]. ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymological-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic.'' (Jersey City: [[(Jewish Publisher)|KTAV]] Pub. House, 2009), 95-96.</ref> and like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʽ ʼĕlōhîm'' "progeny of God, godly offspring" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/2.15?lang=eng#14 Malachi 2:15]),<ref>Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', Anchor Bible 25D (Yale Univ. Press/Doubleday, 1998), 201.</ref> and the Neo-Babylonian PN ''Zer-babili'',<ref>Bryan E. Beyer. "Zerubbabel." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1085.</ref> the PN of the late biblical prince and governor ''Zerubbabel'' "Scion/Offspring of Babylon, Seed-of-Babylon, Born-in-Babylon" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/3.19?lang=eng#18 1 Chronicles 3:19], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/3.2?lang=eng#1 Ezra 3:2] = Sheshbazzar, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/1.8?lang=eng#7 Ezra 1:8]; NT ''Zorobabel'' [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.12-13?lang=eng#11 Matthew 1:12-13]).<ref>[[John A. Tvedtnes|John A. Tvedtnes]], "Hebrew Names in the Book of Mormon," 3, citing especially [[Stephen D. Ricks|Stephen Ricks]] & [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):259.</ref> Note also that each is a royal descendant of the House of [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]. Word-play based on this etymology has been found by Pedro Olavarria and David Bokovoy at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/9.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 9:2], and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.24?lang=eng#23 3 Nephi 8:24] (based on use of ''ḥml'' "spared" at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/15.9?lang=eng#8 1 Samuel 15:9]).<ref>In Insights 30/5 (2010), online at http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=58&id=917, and at [[Mormon dialogue & discussion board www.mormondialogue.org|MDDB]] online at http://www.mormondialogue.org/topic/52705-zarahemla-revisiting-the-seed-of-compassion/. Cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 8:21] "seed of Zedekiah" = people of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>'''.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Possibly hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zerʿa-ḥemlâ'' "Seed of Compassion" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), or "Merciful scattering," employing ''ḥemlâ'' "mercy, compassion, pity, commiseration" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/19.16?lang=eng#15 Genesis 19:16]), and the same Semitic root is a loanword (''ḥml'') in 20th Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] as ''ḥa-ma-nra'' "Be merciful, Have Compassion!"<ref>[[James E. Hoch|James Hoch]], ''Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period'', ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994), 226-227.</ref> [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]] argues that ''ḥemlâ'' looks like a feminine participle from the verb "to pity." If so, the preceding element in the name would probably not be a verb, thus perhaps leaving us with the meaning "Merciful-scion." This proposed name is structured somewhat like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʿ hammělûkâ'', ''zeraʿ hammamlākâ'' "royal descendant" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jer/41.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Jeremiah 41:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/11.1?lang=eng#primary 2 Kings 11:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/25.25?lang=eng#24 25:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/17.13?lang=eng#12 Ezekiel 17:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/dan/1.3?lang=eng#2 Daniel 1:3]),<ref>[[Hayim ben Yosef Tawil]]. ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymological-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic.'' (Jersey City: [[(Jewish Publisher)|KTAV]] Pub. House, 2009), 95-96.</ref> and like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʽ ʼĕlōhîm'' "progeny of God, godly offspring" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/2.15?lang=eng#14 Malachi 2:15]),<ref>Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', Anchor Bible 25D (Yale Univ. Press/Doubleday, 1998), 201.</ref> and the Neo-Babylonian PN ''Zer-babili'',<ref>Bryan E. Beyer. "Zerubbabel." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1085.</ref> the PN of the late biblical prince and governor ''Zerubbabel'' "Scion/Offspring of Babylon, Seed-of-Babylon, Born-in-Babylon" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/3.19?lang=eng#18 1 Chronicles 3:19], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/3.2?lang=eng#1 Ezra 3:2] = Sheshbazzar, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/1.8?lang=eng#7 Ezra 1:8]; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[New Testament|</ins>NT<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>''Zorobabel'' [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.12-13?lang=eng#11 Matthew 1:12-13]).<ref>[[John A. Tvedtnes|John A. Tvedtnes]], "Hebrew Names in the Book of Mormon," 3, citing especially [[Stephen D. Ricks|Stephen Ricks]] & [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):259.</ref> Note also that each is a royal descendant of the House of [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]. Word-play based on this etymology has been found by Pedro Olavarria and David Bokovoy at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/9.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 9:2], and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.24?lang=eng#23 3 Nephi 8:24] (based on use of ''ḥml'' "spared" at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/15.9?lang=eng#8 1 Samuel 15:9]).<ref>In Insights 30/5 (2010), online at http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=58&id=917, and at [[Mormon dialogue & discussion board www.mormondialogue.org|MDDB]] online at http://www.mormondialogue.org/topic/52705-zarahemla-revisiting-the-seed-of-compassion/. Cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 8:21] "seed of Zedekiah" = people of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>'''.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=11437&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 18:19, 28 October 20142014-10-28T18:19:03Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternatively, [[Jo Ann Hackett|Jo Ann Hackett]] compared the King James Bible PNs ''Zarah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/38.30?lang=eng#29 Genesis 38:30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/46.12?lang=eng#11 46:12]), ''Zerah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/36.13,%2017,%2033?lang=eng#12 Genesis 36:13, 17, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.37?lang=eng#36 1 Chronicles 1:37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.24?lang=eng#23 Nehemiah 11:24]), ''Zara'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3]), all based on [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zaraḥ'', ''Zeraḥ'', "Shine foroth, Light up; Dawn; Risen-Like-the-Morning-Sun" (hypocoristic PN for [[King James Version|KJV]] Zerahiah ''Zeraḥ-Yah'' "YHWH has Risen Like the Morning Sun"<ref>Ernst Axel Knauf. "Zerah." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1080; [[George Reynolds| George Reynolds]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon.'' (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1954), 315; cf. Rodney H. Shearer, "Zerahiah," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1081, who notes additional interpretations: "YHWH will arise/shine; YHWH has dawned"; Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', [[Anchor Bible. 88 vols.|AB]] 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 349; cf. the solar symbolism in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.4-6?lang=eng#3 Psalms 19:4-6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/84.11?lang=eng#10 84:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/4.2?lang=eng#1 Malachi 4:2] (3:20 [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abbreviations</del>|MT]]), [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/luke/1.78-79?lang=eng#77 Luke 1:78-79]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/rev/1.16?lang=eng#15 Revelation 1:16].</ref> [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zrḥy'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraei'', and that [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zryh'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraia''.<ref>J.W. Wevers and D.B. Redford, eds., ''Essays on the Ancient Semitic World'' xii. (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies, 1970),107,; Wevers compares the Old South Arabic PN ''Ðrḥ'' (voiceless interdental spirant).</ref> Cf. the [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] practice of naming a land for its capital city.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternatively, [[Jo Ann Hackett|Jo Ann Hackett]] compared the King James Bible PNs ''Zarah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/38.30?lang=eng#29 Genesis 38:30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/46.12?lang=eng#11 46:12]), ''Zerah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/36.13,%2017,%2033?lang=eng#12 Genesis 36:13, 17, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.37?lang=eng#36 1 Chronicles 1:37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.24?lang=eng#23 Nehemiah 11:24]), ''Zara'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3]), all based on [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zaraḥ'', ''Zeraḥ'', "Shine foroth, Light up; Dawn; Risen-Like-the-Morning-Sun" (hypocoristic PN for [[King James Version|KJV]] Zerahiah ''Zeraḥ-Yah'' "YHWH has Risen Like the Morning Sun"<ref>Ernst Axel Knauf. "Zerah." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1080; [[George Reynolds| George Reynolds]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon.'' (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1954), 315; cf. Rodney H. Shearer, "Zerahiah," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1081, who notes additional interpretations: "YHWH will arise/shine; YHWH has dawned"; Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', [[Anchor Bible. 88 vols.|AB]] 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 349; cf. the solar symbolism in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.4-6?lang=eng#3 Psalms 19:4-6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/84.11?lang=eng#10 84:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/4.2?lang=eng#1 Malachi 4:2] (3:20 [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.</ins>|MT]]), [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/luke/1.78-79?lang=eng#77 Luke 1:78-79]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/rev/1.16?lang=eng#15 Revelation 1:16].</ref> [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zrḥy'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraei'', and that [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zryh'' = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] ''Zaraia''.<ref>J.W. Wevers and D.B. Redford, eds., ''Essays on the Ancient Semitic World'' xii. (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies, 1970),107,; Wevers compares the Old South Arabic PN ''Ðrḥ'' (voiceless interdental spirant).</ref> Cf. the [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] practice of naming a land for its capital city.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zĕrōʿ-ḥemla'' "Arm of mercy," an English phrase used three times in the Book of Mormon, including once by [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.14?lang=eng#13 3 Nephi 9:14], which could be a play on words (pun) on the name of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>''' (using a folk etymology), whose destruction he had just mentioned ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Cf. for example, the reading ''zeraʽ'' in [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abbreviations</del>|MT]], which is not supported by [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] Greek ''omos'' "shoulder" and Vulgate ''brachium'' "forearm," which means that the correct reading should be ''zĕrōʿa'' "arm."<ref>Andrew E. Hill, "Malachi", ''Anchor Bible Dictionary.'' 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 9, 200-201.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zĕrōʿ-ḥemla'' "Arm of mercy," an English phrase used three times in the Book of Mormon, including once by [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.14?lang=eng#13 3 Nephi 9:14], which could be a play on words (pun) on the name of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>''' (using a folk etymology), whose destruction he had just mentioned ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Cf. for example, the reading ''zeraʽ'' in [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.</ins>|MT]], which is not supported by [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] Greek ''omos'' "shoulder" and Vulgate ''brachium'' "forearm," which means that the correct reading should be ''zĕrōʿa'' "arm."<ref>Andrew E. Hill, "Malachi", ''Anchor Bible Dictionary.'' 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 9, 200-201.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''Zārâ-ḥemlâ'' "Scattering of mercy," employing piel [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zrh'' "to scatter, spread," i.e., the scattering of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] among the nations ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Ibid., 201.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''Zārâ-ḥemlâ'' "Scattering of mercy," employing piel [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zrh'' "to scatter, spread," i.e., the scattering of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] among the nations ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Ibid., 201.</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=11419&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 03:44, 24 October 20142014-10-24T03:44:00Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Possibly hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zerʿa-ḥemlâ'' "Seed of Compassion" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), or "Merciful scattering," employing ''ḥemlâ'' "mercy, compassion, pity, commiseration" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/19.16?lang=eng#15 Genesis 19:16]), and the same Semitic root is a loanword (''ḥml'') in 20th Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] as ''ḥa-ma-nra'' "Be merciful, Have Compassion!"<ref>[[James E. Hoch|James Hoch]], ''Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period'', ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994), 226-227.</ref> [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]] argues that ''ḥemlâ'' looks like a feminine participle from the verb "to pity." If so, the preceding element in the name would probably not be a verb, thus perhaps leaving us with the meaning "Merciful-scion." This proposed name is structured somewhat like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʿ hammělûkâ'', ''zeraʿ hammamlākâ'' "royal descendant" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jer/41.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Jeremiah 41:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/11.1?lang=eng#primary 2 Kings 11:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/25.25?lang=eng#24 25:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/17.13?lang=eng#12 Ezekiel 17:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/dan/1.3?lang=eng#2 Daniel 1:3]),<ref>[[Hayim ben Yosef Tawil]]. ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymological-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic.'' (Jersey City: [[(Jewish Publisher)|KTAV]] Pub. House, 2009), 95-96.</ref> and like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʽ ʼĕlōhîm'' "progeny of God, godly offspring" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/2.15?lang=eng#14 Malachi 2:15]),<ref>Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', Anchor Bible 25D (Yale Univ. Press/Doubleday, 1998), 201.</ref> and the Neo-Babylonian PN ''Zer-babili'',<ref>Bryan E. Beyer. "Zerubbabel." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1085.</ref> the PN of the late biblical prince and governor ''Zerubbabel'' "Scion/Offspring of Babylon, Seed-of-Babylon, Born-in-Babylon" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/3.19?lang=eng#18 1 Chronicles 3:19], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/3.2?lang=eng#1 Ezra 3:2] = Sheshbazzar, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/1.8?lang=eng#7 Ezra 1:8]; NT ''Zorobabel'' [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.12-13?lang=eng#11 Matthew 1:12-13]).<ref>[[John A. Tvedtnes|John A. Tvedtnes]], "Hebrew Names in the Book of Mormon," 3, citing especially [[Stephen D. Ricks|Stephen Ricks]] & [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):259.</ref> Note also that each is a royal descendant of the House of [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]. Word-play based on this etymology has been found by Pedro Olavarria and David Bokovoy at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/9.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 9:2], and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.24?lang=eng#23 3 Nephi 8:24] (based on use of ''ḥml'' "spared" at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/15.9?lang=eng#8 1 Samuel 15:9]).<ref>In Insights 30/5 (2010), online at http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=58&id=917, and at [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abbreviations</del>|MDDB]] online at http://www.mormondialogue.org/topic/52705-zarahemla-revisiting-the-seed-of-compassion/. Cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 8:21] "seed of Zedekiah" = people of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>'''.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Possibly hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zerʿa-ḥemlâ'' "Seed of Compassion" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), or "Merciful scattering," employing ''ḥemlâ'' "mercy, compassion, pity, commiseration" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/19.16?lang=eng#15 Genesis 19:16]), and the same Semitic root is a loanword (''ḥml'') in 20th Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] as ''ḥa-ma-nra'' "Be merciful, Have Compassion!"<ref>[[James E. Hoch|James Hoch]], ''Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period'', ( Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994), 226-227.</ref> [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]] argues that ''ḥemlâ'' looks like a feminine participle from the verb "to pity." If so, the preceding element in the name would probably not be a verb, thus perhaps leaving us with the meaning "Merciful-scion." This proposed name is structured somewhat like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʿ hammělûkâ'', ''zeraʿ hammamlākâ'' "royal descendant" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/jer/41.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Jeremiah 41:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/11.1?lang=eng#primary 2 Kings 11:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-kgs/25.25?lang=eng#24 25:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/17.13?lang=eng#12 Ezekiel 17:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/dan/1.3?lang=eng#2 Daniel 1:3]),<ref>[[Hayim ben Yosef Tawil]]. ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew: Etymological-Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalents with Supplement on Biblical Aramaic.'' (Jersey City: [[(Jewish Publisher)|KTAV]] Pub. House, 2009), 95-96.</ref> and like [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zeraʽ ʼĕlōhîm'' "progeny of God, godly offspring" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/2.15?lang=eng#14 Malachi 2:15]),<ref>Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', Anchor Bible 25D (Yale Univ. Press/Doubleday, 1998), 201.</ref> and the Neo-Babylonian PN ''Zer-babili'',<ref>Bryan E. Beyer. "Zerubbabel." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1085.</ref> the PN of the late biblical prince and governor ''Zerubbabel'' "Scion/Offspring of Babylon, Seed-of-Babylon, Born-in-Babylon" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/3.19?lang=eng#18 1 Chronicles 3:19], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/3.2?lang=eng#1 Ezra 3:2] = Sheshbazzar, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/1.8?lang=eng#7 Ezra 1:8]; NT ''Zorobabel'' [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.12-13?lang=eng#11 Matthew 1:12-13]).<ref>[[John A. Tvedtnes|John A. Tvedtnes]], "Hebrew Names in the Book of Mormon," 3, citing especially [[Stephen D. Ricks|Stephen Ricks]] & [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], "The Hebrew Origin of Some Book of Mormon Place-Names," ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 6/2 (Fall 1997):259.</ref> Note also that each is a royal descendant of the House of [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]. Word-play based on this etymology has been found by Pedro Olavarria and David Bokovoy at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/9.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 9:2], and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.24?lang=eng#23 3 Nephi 8:24] (based on use of ''ḥml'' "spared" at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/15.9?lang=eng#8 1 Samuel 15:9]).<ref>In Insights 30/5 (2010), online at http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=30&num=58&id=917, and at [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mormon dialogue & discussion board www.mormondialogue.org</ins>|MDDB]] online at http://www.mormondialogue.org/topic/52705-zarahemla-revisiting-the-seed-of-compassion/. Cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 8:21] "seed of Zedekiah" = people of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>'''.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZARAHEMLA&diff=11410&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 03:23, 24 October 20142014-10-24T03:23:11Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 21:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cf. also Semitic ''zhr'', ''zrʿ'' "to sow" in Demotic ''ḏrʿ'', ''ḏl3'' "spread, scatter" (> Coptic ''ḏōōre'', ''ḏar'', ''ḏar='', ''ḏare='', ''ḏēr'', ''čer=''),<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch'', 2nd ed. (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsverlag, 1977), 431-432 (an earlier parallel cited there is denied by [[James E. Hoch|Hoch]], ''Semitic Words'', 392-393).</ref> as the possible prefix of the name.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternatively, [[Jo Ann Hackett|Jo Ann Hackett]] compared the King James Bible PNs ''Zarah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/38.30?lang=eng#29 Genesis 38:30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/46.12?lang=eng#11 46:12]), ''Zerah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/36.13,%2017,%2033?lang=eng#12 Genesis 36:13, 17, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.37?lang=eng#36 1 Chronicles 1:37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.24?lang=eng#23 Nehemiah 11:24]), ''Zara'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3]), all based on [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zaraḥ'', ''Zeraḥ'', "Shine foroth, Light up; Dawn; Risen-Like-the-Morning-Sun" (hypocoristic PN for [[King James Version|KJV]] Zerahiah ''Zeraḥ-Yah'' "YHWH has Risen Like the Morning Sun"<ref>Ernst Axel Knauf. "Zerah." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1080; [[George Reynolds| George Reynolds]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon.'' (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1954), 315; cf. Rodney H. Shearer, "Zerahiah," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1081, who notes additional interpretations: "YHWH will arise/shine; YHWH has dawned"; Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', [[Anchor Bible. 88 vols.|AB]] 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 349; cf. the solar symbolism in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.4-6?lang=eng#3 Psalms 19:4-6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/84.11?lang=eng#10 84:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/4.2?lang=eng#1 Malachi 4:2] (3:20 [[Abbreviations|MT]]), [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/luke/1.78-79?lang=eng#77 Luke 1:78-79]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/rev/1.16?lang=eng#15 Revelation 1:16].</ref> [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zrḥy'' = [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abbreviations</del>|LXX]] ''Zaraei'', and that [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zryh'' = [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abbreviations</del>|LXX]] ''Zaraia''.<ref>J.W. Wevers and D.B. Redford, eds., ''Essays on the Ancient Semitic World'' xii. (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies, 1970),107,; Wevers compares the Old South Arabic PN ''Ðrḥ'' (voiceless interdental spirant).</ref> Cf. the [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] practice of naming a land for its capital city.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternatively, [[Jo Ann Hackett|Jo Ann Hackett]] compared the King James Bible PNs ''Zarah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/38.30?lang=eng#29 Genesis 38:30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/46.12?lang=eng#11 46:12]), ''Zerah'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/36.13,%2017,%2033?lang=eng#12 Genesis 36:13, 17, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.37?lang=eng#36 1 Chronicles 1:37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.24?lang=eng#23 Nehemiah 11:24]), ''Zara'' ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3]), all based on [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zaraḥ'', ''Zeraḥ'', "Shine foroth, Light up; Dawn; Risen-Like-the-Morning-Sun" (hypocoristic PN for [[King James Version|KJV]] Zerahiah ''Zeraḥ-Yah'' "YHWH has Risen Like the Morning Sun"<ref>Ernst Axel Knauf. "Zerah." ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1080; [[George Reynolds| George Reynolds]], ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon.'' (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1954), 315; cf. Rodney H. Shearer, "Zerahiah," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', VI. ed. David Noel Freedman. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1081, who notes additional interpretations: "YHWH will arise/shine; YHWH has dawned"; Andrew E. Hill, ''Malachi'', [[Anchor Bible. 88 vols.|AB]] 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 349; cf. the solar symbolism in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.4-6?lang=eng#3 Psalms 19:4-6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/84.11?lang=eng#10 84:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/mal/4.2?lang=eng#1 Malachi 4:2] (3:20 [[Abbreviations|MT]]), [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/luke/1.78-79?lang=eng#77 Luke 1:78-79]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/rev/1.16?lang=eng#15 Revelation 1:16].</ref> [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zrḥy'' = [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.</ins>|LXX]] ''Zaraei'', and that [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Zryh'' = [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.</ins>|LXX]] ''Zaraia''.<ref>J.W. Wevers and D.B. Redford, eds., ''Essays on the Ancient Semitic World'' xii. (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies, 1970),107,; Wevers compares the Old South Arabic PN ''Ðrḥ'' (voiceless interdental spirant).</ref> Cf. the [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] practice of naming a land for its capital city.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zĕrōʿ-ḥemla'' "Arm of mercy," an English phrase used three times in the Book of Mormon, including once by [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.14?lang=eng#13 3 Nephi 9:14], which could be a play on words (pun) on the name of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>''' (using a folk etymology), whose destruction he had just mentioned ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Cf. for example, the reading ''zeraʽ'' in [[Abbreviations|MT]], which is not supported by [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abbreviations</del>|LXX]] Greek ''omos'' "shoulder" and Vulgate ''brachium'' "forearm," which means that the correct reading should be ''zĕrōʿa'' "arm."<ref>Andrew E. Hill, "Malachi", ''Anchor Bible Dictionary.'' 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 9, 200-201.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''zĕrōʿ-ḥemla'' "Arm of mercy," an English phrase used three times in the Book of Mormon, including once by [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] at [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.14?lang=eng#13 3 Nephi 9:14], which could be a play on words (pun) on the name of '''Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>''' (using a folk etymology), whose destruction he had just mentioned ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Cf. for example, the reading ''zeraʽ'' in [[Abbreviations|MT]], which is not supported by [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.</ins>|LXX]] Greek ''omos'' "shoulder" and Vulgate ''brachium'' "forearm," which means that the correct reading should be ''zĕrōʿa'' "arm."<ref>Andrew E. Hill, "Malachi", ''Anchor Bible Dictionary.'' 25D (Yale/Doubleday, 1998), 9, 200-201.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''Zārâ-ḥemlâ'' "Scattering of mercy," employing piel [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zrh'' "to scatter, spread," i.e., the scattering of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] among the nations ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Ibid., 201.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is hypothetical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] *''Zārâ-ḥemlâ'' "Scattering of mercy," employing piel [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''zrh'' "to scatter, spread," i.e., the scattering of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] among the nations ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Ibid., 201.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Margaret Barker combines several of these meanings into complex wordplay designed to communicate the deeper meaning of the Servant Songs of [[ISAIAH|I<small>SAIAH</small>]]: "To whom has the '''arm''' [''zĕrōʿa''] of the LORD been revealed?" can also mean "To whom has the '''seed'''/'''son''' [''zeraʿ''] of the LORD been revealed?" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.1?lang=eng#primary Isaiah 53:1] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.1?lang=eng#primary Mosiah 14:1]; cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/15.31?lang=eng#30 Mosiah 15:31] "The Lord hath made bare his holy '''arm'''") without changing the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] consonantal text - especially since the next line reads "he grew up before him as a suckling child" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.2?lang=eng#1 Isaiah 53:2] [ [[Abbreviations|RSV]] "young plant"; [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abbreviations</del>|LXX]] "little child"] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 14:2]) - and this coheres with [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.10?lang=eng#9 Isaiah 53:10]||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.10?lang=eng#9 Mosiah 14:10] "he shall see his '''seed/offspring''', " which can also be read "he shall be revealed as the '''son'''."<ref>Margaret Barker, ''Temple Mysticism: An Introduction.'' (London: SPCK Publishing, 2011), 157, 162.</ref> This is merely part of the much broader liturgical and esoteric content of First Temple Israelite religion jettisoned by Deuteronomistic revisionism - according to Barker - a revisionism which did not infect the Book of Mormon.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Margaret Barker combines several of these meanings into complex wordplay designed to communicate the deeper meaning of the Servant Songs of [[ISAIAH|I<small>SAIAH</small>]]: "To whom has the '''arm''' [''zĕrōʿa''] of the LORD been revealed?" can also mean "To whom has the '''seed'''/'''son''' [''zeraʿ''] of the LORD been revealed?" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.1?lang=eng#primary Isaiah 53:1] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.1?lang=eng#primary Mosiah 14:1]; cf. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/15.31?lang=eng#30 Mosiah 15:31] "The Lord hath made bare his holy '''arm'''") without changing the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] consonantal text - especially since the next line reads "he grew up before him as a suckling child" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.2?lang=eng#1 Isaiah 53:2] [ [[Abbreviations|RSV]] "young plant"; [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.</ins>|LXX]] "little child"] ||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 14:2]) - and this coheres with [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/53.10?lang=eng#9 Isaiah 53:10]||[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/14.10?lang=eng#9 Mosiah 14:10] "he shall see his '''seed/offspring''', " which can also be read "he shall be revealed as the '''son'''."<ref>Margaret Barker, ''Temple Mysticism: An Introduction.'' (London: SPCK Publishing, 2011), 157, 162.</ref> This is merely part of the much broader liturgical and esoteric content of First Temple Israelite religion jettisoned by Deuteronomistic revisionism - according to Barker - a revisionism which did not infect the Book of Mormon.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[ZERAHEMNAH|Z<small>ERAHEMNAH</small>]], [[ZERAM|Z<small>ERAM</small>]], [[ZERIN|Z<small>ERIN</small>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[ZERAHEMNAH|Z<small>ERAHEMNAH</small>]], [[ZERAM|Z<small>ERAM</small>]], [[ZERIN|Z<small>ERIN</small>]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfb