View source for Reuse of Jaredite Names Among the Mulekites, Lamanites and Nephites

= <small>By Robert F. Smith</small> =
John L. Sorenson once asked:<br/>
:One wonders what considerations led Alma the younger to give two, ... of his sons Jaredite names: Shiblon and Corianton... Perhaps they had been born and received their names during Alma's “idolatrous” phase (see [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.8?lang=eng Mosiah 27:8]). I suppose that the idolatrous cult in which he was involved was old, ultimately Jaredite-derived, and common in Nephite society, in the broad sense, thanks to transmission through elements among the people of Zarahemla.<ref>Sorenson, “When Lehi's Party Arrive in the Land, Did They Find Others There?” ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'', 1 (Fall 1992):1-34, n. 15. </ref>

Eleven of the strongest indications of this pattern are listed in the following table:

{| border="1"
| align="center"|'''J<small>AREDITE</small>'''
| align="center"|'''M<small>ULEKITE</small>'''-'''N<small>EPHITE</small>'''-'''L<small>AMANITE</small>'''
|-
| '''A<small>HAH</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.9?lang=eng#9 Ether 1:9], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/11.10?lang=eng#10 11:10])||'''A<small>HA</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/16.5-6?lang=eng#5 Alma 16:5-6])
|-
|'''C<small>ORIANTOR</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.6?lang=eng#6 Ether 1:6], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/11.18-23?lang=eng#17 11:18-23]), <br/>'''C<small>ORIANTUM</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.13,27?lang=eng#12 Ether 1:13,27], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/9.21?lang=eng#20 9:21], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/10.31?lang=eng#30 10:31])||'''C<small>ORIANTON</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31.7?lang=eng#6 Alma 31:7] – [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/63.10#10 63:10])
|-
|'''C<small>ORIANTUMR</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/8.4-6#3 Ether 8:4-6], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/12.1?lang=eng#1 12:1] - [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/15.32#31 15:32], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/omni/1.21#20 Omni 21])||'''C<small>ORIANTUMR</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/1.15-30#15 Helaman 1:15-30])
|-
|'''C<small>ORIHOR</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/7.3-15?lang=eng#3 Ether 7:3-15], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/13.17?lang=eng#13 13:17],[https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/14.27-28?lang=eng#3 14:27-28])||'''K<small>ORIHOR</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/30.6-59?lang=eng#6 Alma 30:6-59])
|-
|'''G<small>ILGAL</small>'''/ '''G<small>ILGALL</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/13.27-30?lang=eng#3 Ether 13:27-30])||'''G<small>ILGAL</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.6?lang=eng 3 Nephi 9:6], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/6.14?lang=eng Mormon 6:14])
|-
|'''M<small>ORIANTON</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.22-23?lang=eng#22 Ether 1:22-23], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/10.9-13?lang=eng#10 10:9-13])||'''M<small>ORIONTON</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/50.25-36?lang=eng Alma 50:25-36], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/51.1,26?lang=eng 51:1,26],[https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/55.33?lang=eng#30 55:33], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/59.5?lang=eng 59:5]),<br/> '''M<small>ORIANTUM</small>'''<ref>We may want to examine the MOR- element in general in the Book of Mormon, including MORIANCUMER, MORIANTUM, MORIANTON / MORIONTON, MORMON, MORON, MORONI, MORONIHAH, perhaps even including AMMORON/ AMORON/ AMMARON/ AMARON.</ref> (Moroni 9:9-15)
|-
|'''M<small>ORON</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.7-8?lang=eng Ether 1:7-8], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/7.5-6,17?lang=eng 7:5-6,17], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/11.14-18?lang=eng 11:14-18],[https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/14.6,11?lang=eng 14:6,11])||'''M<small>ORONI</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/43?lang=eng Alma 43] – [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/63?lang=eng 63]),<br/> '''M<small>ORONIHAH</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/62.43?lang=eng Alma 62:43] – [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/4.20?lang=eng Helaman 4:20]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.10,25?lang=eng 3 Nephi 8:10,25], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.5?lang=eng 9:5], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/6.14?lang=eng Mormon 6:14])
|-
|'''N<small>EHOR</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/7.4,9?lang=eng Ether 7:4,9])||'''N<small>EHOR</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/1.15?lang=eng Alma 1:15], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/2.1?lang=eng 2:1], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/14.16,18?lang=eng 14:16,18], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/16.11?lang=eng 16:11], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/21.4?lang=eng 21:4], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/24.28-29?lang=eng 24:28-29])
|-
|'''S<small>HIBLOM</small>''' / '''S<small>HIBLON</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.11-12?lang=eng Ether 1:11-12], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/11.4-9?lang=eng 11:4-9])||'''S<small>HIBLON</small>'''<ref>Hugh Nibley argued that “the fact that Nephite weights and measures bear Jaredite names indicates long cultural overlap” with the Nephites or people of Zarahemla -- Nibley, Lehi in the Desert and the World of the Jaredites (1952) = Collected Works of Hugh Nibley, V (FARMS/Deseret, 1988):246.</ref>([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.15,19?lang=eng Alma 11:15,19], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31.7?lang=eng 31:7] - [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/63.17?lang=eng 63:17]),<br/> '''S<small>HIBLOM</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/6.14?lang=eng Mormon 6:14])
|-
|'''S<small>HIM</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/9.1?lang=eng Ether 9:1])||'''S<small>HIM</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.3?lang=eng Mormon 1:3])
|-
|}

Additional possibilities include:<br />
:Jaredite '''A<small>MNIGADDAH</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.14-15?lang=eng Ether 1:14-15], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/10.31?lang=eng 10:31]) may have a reflex in Nephite '''G<small>ADIOMNAH</small>''' (3 Nephi 9:8)<br />
:Jaredite '''O<small>GATH</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/15.10?lang=eng Ether 15:10]) may reappear in Nephite '''J<small>ACOB</small>'''-'''U<small>GATH</small>''' ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.9?lang=eng 3 Nephi 9:9])<br />
:Nephite '''<small>SHEUM</small>''', '''<small>NEAS</small>''', and '''Z<small>ERAM</small>''' may also be Jaredite carryovers.<br />

Moreover, John A. Tvedtnes has observed:<br />
:In form, Gadianton appears to be a Jaredite name based on the same pattern as Morianton ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.22-23?lang=eng Ether 1:22-23]) and contains the ''-ian'' pattern found [infixed] in Jaredite names such as Coriantor ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.6-7?lang=eng Ether 1:6-7]), Coriantum ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.13-14,27-28?lang=eng Ether 1:13-14,27-28]), Coriantumr ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/8.4?lang=eng Ether 8:4]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/12.1?lang=eng 12:1]), Moriancumer ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/2.13?lang=eng Ether 2:13]), and Ripliancum ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/15.8?lang=eng Ether 15:8]).<ref>Tvedtnes in ''FARMS'' Review, 16/2 (2004):100, citing Tvedtnes, “A Phonemic Analysis of Nephite and Jaredite Proper Names,” ''SEHA Newsletter'', 141 (Dec 1977):1-8 = FARMS Reprint TV-77, and available online at http://ancientamerica.org/; see further Brad Wilcox, et al., “Comparing Phonemic Patterns in Book of Mormon Personal Names with Fictional and Authentic Sources: An Exploratory Study,” ''Interpreter'', 33 (2019): 105-122, online at https://www.mormoninterpreter.com/comparing-phonemic-patterns-in-book-of-mormon-personal-names-with-fictional-and-authentic-sources-an-exploratory-study/ .</ref>

Even though Tvedtnes’ own phonemic analysis of the Book of Mormon onomasticon showed a stark difference between Jaredite and Nephite names, John Tvedtnes has also suggested that they may have something in common, namely, that one aspect of the ethnocentricity of the Nephites :that has received little attention concerns toponyms used in the Book of Mormon. Except for a few set off by terms such as “they [the Jaredites] called the name of the place,” almost all the names of Jaredite sites mentioned in the
book of Ether were Nephite names. This suggests that Moroni deliberately changed the Jaredite place-names to their Nephite equivalents, except for Old World sites (e.g., Moriancumer and Zerin) and New World sites with which Moroni was unfamiliar.<ref>Tvedtnes in ''FARMS'' Review, 16/2 (2004):91-106, citing (n. 28) his “Phonemic Analysis,” 1-8.</ref>

Thus it is possible that Moroni, the editor of the Jaredite record, provided recognizable Nephite toponyms in place of the original Jaredite geographic names.

'''Notes'''
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