https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&feed=atom&action=historyLURAM - Revision history2024-03-28T09:48:22ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.4https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=13958&oldid=prevRfs at 20:39, 22 September 20232023-09-22T20:39:36Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. This [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known," according to the late Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad, "from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama, which Avigad with some uncertainty transliterated as “Adanluram.”<ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. John Tvedtnes, John Gee, and Matthew Roper first drew attention to this name in LDS circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” ''[[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|JBMS]]'' 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” ''lū'', which is probably the precative<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], sub לו. For a discussion of the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''GKC'']] §159''l'', ''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb ''rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). '''L<small>URAM</small>''' could possibly then be a hypocoristic form for the hypothetical fuller name ''luramel'' or ''luramyahu'' "God/Jehovah is surely exalted."</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. This [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known," according to the late Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad, "from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama, which Avigad with some uncertainty transliterated as “Adanluram.”<ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. John Tvedtnes, John Gee, and Matthew Roper first drew attention to this name in LDS circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” ''[[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|JBMS]]'' 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” ''lū'', which is probably the precative<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], sub לו. For a discussion of the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''GKC'']] §159''l'', ''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb ''rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">רם </ins>([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). '''L<small>URAM</small>''' could possibly then be a hypocoristic form for the hypothetical fuller name <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*</ins>''luramel'' or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*</ins>''luramyahu'' "God/Jehovah is surely exalted."</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''L<small>URAM</small>''' as a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām'' is somewhat less likely. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is quite uncommon.<ref>Paul Hoskisson is not aware of a single instance of mixed language names before the Persian conquest. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lú'' and ''maḫ'' are Sumerian and were borrowed as a unit into Akkadian.</ref> The derivation of '''L<small>URAM</small>''' from the Akkadian noun ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree),”<ref>[[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L, 9:255.</ref> is also somewhat unlikely.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''L<small>URAM</small>''' as a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām'' is somewhat less likely. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is quite uncommon.<ref>Paul Hoskisson is not aware of a single instance of mixed language names before the Persian conquest. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lú'' and ''maḫ'' are Sumerian and were borrowed as a unit into Akkadian.</ref> The derivation of '''L<small>URAM</small>''' from the Akkadian noun ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree),”<ref>[[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L, 9:255.</ref> is also somewhat unlikely.</div></td></tr>
</table>Rfshttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=13214&oldid=prevJKeenerInd: Page Update2017-02-17T19:09:56Z<p>Page Update</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The same </del>[[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Nahman </del>Avigad with some uncertainty <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transliterates the name </del>as “Adanluram.”<ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. John Tvedtnes, John Gee, and Matthew Roper first drew attention to this name in LDS circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” ''[[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|JBMS]]'' 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” ''lū'', which is probably the precative<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], sub לו. For a discussion of the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''GKC'']] §159''l'', ''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb ''rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This </ins>[[Personal Name|PN]] “is known<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">," according to the late Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad, "</ins>from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, which </ins>Avigad with some uncertainty <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transliterated </ins>as “Adanluram.”<ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. John Tvedtnes, John Gee, and Matthew Roper first drew attention to this name in LDS circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” ''[[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|JBMS]]'' 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” ''lū'', which is probably the precative<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], sub לו. For a discussion of the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''GKC'']] §159''l'', ''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb ''rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''L<small>URAM</small>''' could possibly then be a hypocoristic form for the hypothetical fuller name ''luramel'' or ''luramyahu'' "God/Jehovah is surely exalted."</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Less likely is </del>a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rather unlikely</del>.<ref>Paul Hoskisson is not aware of a single instance of mixed language names before the Persian conquest. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lú'' and ''maḫ'' are Sumerian and were borrowed as a unit into Akkadian.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''L<small>URAM</small>''' as </ins>a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is somewhat less likely</ins>. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">quite uncommon</ins>.<ref>Paul Hoskisson is not aware of a single instance of mixed language names before the Persian conquest. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lú'' and ''maḫ'' are Sumerian and were borrowed as a unit into Akkadian.</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </ins>derivation <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of '''L<small>URAM</small>''' </ins>from <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the </ins>Akkadian <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">noun </ins>''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</ins>”<ref>[[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L, 9:255.</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is also somewhat unlikely.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Much less likely is a </del>derivation from Akkadian ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del>”<ref>[[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L, 9:255.</ref></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td></tr>
</table>JKeenerIndhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=12520&oldid=prevJKeenerInd: Added Name Index2015-11-21T01:43:24Z<p>Added Name Index</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><div style="text-align: center;"> [[LUCIFER|<<]] Luram [[MADMENAH|>>]] </div></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==[[Name Index]]==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><big></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt" </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[A]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[B]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[C]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[D]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[E]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|<font color="lightgray">F</font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[G]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[H]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[I]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[J]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[K]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[L]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[M]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[N]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[O]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[P]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|<font color="lightgray">Q</font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[R]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[S]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[T]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[U]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|<font color="lightgray">V</font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|<font color="lightgray">W</font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|<font color="lightgray">X</font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|<font color="lightgray">Y</font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|[[Z]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|}</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>JKeenerIndhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=12190&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 20:22, 18 September 20152015-09-18T20:22:10Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:22, 18 September 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l8">Line 8:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.”<ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. John Tvedtnes, John Gee, and Matthew Roper first drew attention to this name in LDS circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” ''[[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|JBMS]]'' 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” ''lū'', which is probably the precative<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], sub לו. For a discussion of the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see GKC §159''l'', ''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb ''rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.”<ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. John Tvedtnes, John Gee, and Matthew Roper first drew attention to this name in LDS circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” ''[[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|JBMS]]'' 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” ''lū'', which is probably the precative<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], sub לו. For a discussion of the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''</ins>GKC<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'']] </ins>§159''l'', ''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb ''rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>Paul Hoskisson is not aware of a single instance of mixed language names before the Persian conquest. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lú'' and ''maḫ'' are Sumerian and were borrowed as a unit into Akkadian.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>Paul Hoskisson is not aware of a single instance of mixed language names before the Persian conquest. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lú'' and ''maḫ'' are Sumerian and were borrowed as a unit into Akkadian.</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=12189&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 20:20, 18 September 20152015-09-18T20:20:55Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:20, 18 September 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l8">Line 8:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">John A. Tvedtnes</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">John Tvedtnes</del>]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[John Gee]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and [[Matthew Roper]] were among </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first Book of Mormon researchers to point out that the Book of Mormon </del>[[Personal Name|PN]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''L</del><<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">small>URAM</small</del>>''', <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the name of a Nephite soldier who perished in the final battles between the Lamanites </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Nephites, may be connected to the name ''’dnlrm'' </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transliterated by the editors </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a study of West Semitic cylinder seals as “Adanluram”) found on a seal </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in graffiti at Hama (ancient Hamath in Syria</del>).<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref> [[</del>John <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A. </del>Tvedtnes<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Tvedtnes]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>John Gee<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Gee]] </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Matthew Roper<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Roper]]</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>“Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</del>JBMS''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>9/1 (2000):49<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, citing N</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Avigad</del>, ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals</del>'', <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jeruslem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), p. 285, no. 760.</ref> </del>'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L<small>URAM</small></del>'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' may be from </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew root ram “to be exalted”</del><ref> [[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">p</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1202; cf</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] Ram = Hebrew </del>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rām</del>'' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“Exalted” </del>([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/2.9?lang=eng#8 1 Chronicles 2:9]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/job/32.2?lang=eng#1 Job 32:2], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3</del>])<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, as also in the last part of </del>Abram <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“Exalted-Father”</del>.</ref> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and the particle </del>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lu</del>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, with an asseverative or </del>precative <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sense, “oh that; indeed, certainly,”<ref> </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition</del>.|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''HALOT''</del>]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">p. 521; cf. Zipora Cochavi-Rainey, ''The Akkadian Dialect of Egyptian Scribe </del>in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">14th and 13th Centuries BCE'' (Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2011), 94, 104-5, 136, 200, for a discussion of the Akkadian </del>asseverative<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/precative particle ''lu''.</ref> producing the meaning of a hypocoristicon</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“may </del>he [<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">God, the Lord</del>] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">be exalted; he is truly exalted</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">”</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Personal Name</ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PN</ins>]], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''ʼdnlrm''</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">found on a seal during </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hama, Syria, excavations. The same </ins>[[Personal Name|PN]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.”</ins><<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ref</ins>><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Nahman Avigad, '</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals</ins>'', <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">revised </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">completed by Benjamin Sass </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem: Israel Academy </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sciences </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Humanities, 1997</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 285, n. 760</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>John Tvedtnes, John Gee<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>and Matthew Roper <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first drew attention to this name in LDS circles in their article</ins>, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>[[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|JBMS<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>'' 9/1 (2000):49.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts</ins>, ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ʼdn</ins>'', <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which means “master” or “lord;” </ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lū</ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, which is probably </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">precative</ins><ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sub לו</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For a discussion of the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see GKC §159''l'', ''m'', and ''x''</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stative verb ''rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb </ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rūm</ins>'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">appears in the biblical names Ram </ins>([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and </ins>Abram.</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">meaning “lifted up, exalted.” ''</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L<small>URAM</small></ins>''' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">would then mean in the </ins>precative <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“May he be exalted” (</ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Paul Y</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hoskisson</ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PYH</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or </ins>in the asseverative, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“Surely </ins>he <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is exalted” (</ins>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]</ins>]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">less likely that </del>the Sumerian LÚ, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“man</del>,” <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">would be combined with </del>the Akkadian ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ram</del>'', <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“exalted</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">” thus “exalted man</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">” since most proper names </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">generally not produced from </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">combination of languages</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Also </del>less likely is a derivation from Akkadian ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree).”<ref> [[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“L,” </del>9:255.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Less likely </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a mixed name containing </ins>the Sumerian <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">word for “man,” </ins>LÚ, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and the Akkadian word for “exalted</ins>,” <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>Paul Hoskisson is not aware of a single instance of mixed language names before </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Persian conquest. The </ins>Akkadian <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">word </ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lumaḫḫu</ins>'', <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''lú'' and ''maḫ'' </ins>are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sumerian and were borrowed as </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unit into Akkadian</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Much </ins>less likely is a derivation from Akkadian ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree).”<ref>[[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L</ins>, 9:255.</ref></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=12052&oldid=prevSamuelfb: Submitted by Stephen Ricks, Approved in Onoma Meeting 03-19-152015-03-26T20:50:46Z<p>Submitted by Stephen Ricks, Approved in Onoma Meeting 03-19-15</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The name element ''lrm'' forms part </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an Aramaic </del>[[Personal Name|PN]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ʼdnlrm</del>'', <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> found on </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">seal during </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hama</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates </del>the name <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as “Adanluram.” <ref>Nahman Avigad, </del>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Corpus </del>of West Semitic <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Stamp Seals'', revised </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">completed by Benjamin Sass </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 285, n</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">760. </del>[[John A. Tvedtnes|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">John </del>Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>and [[Matthew Roper<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] first drew attention to this name in [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">LDS</del>]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">circles </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">their article, </del>“Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|''JBMS'']] 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, </del>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ʼdn</del>'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">', which means “master” or “lord;” </del>'' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l</del>'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">', which is probably </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">precative</del><ref><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wilhelm Gesenius</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gesenius' </del>Hebrew <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">grammar</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Kautzsch, ed</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cowley trans</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Oxford, England</del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Clarendon Press</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1910/ reprint Dover, 2006</del>.|''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar</del>'']] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">§159''l''</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''m'', and ''x''</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stative verb </del>'' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rūm</del>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,<ref>The same stative form of the verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram </del>([<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http</del>://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and </del>Abram.</ref> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">meaning “lifted up</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">exalted</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">” </del>'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L<small>URAM</small></del>''' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">would then mean </del>in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">precative “May he be exalted” </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]</del>), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or in </del>the asseverative, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“Surely </del>he <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is exalted” (</del>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT</del>]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">])</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]], and [[Matthew Roper]] were among the first Book of Mormon researchers to point out that the Book </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mormon </ins>[[Personal Name|PN]] ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'L<small>URAM</small>'</ins>'', <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the name of </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Nephite soldier who perished in the final battles between </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lamanites and Nephites</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">may be connected to </ins>the name ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">’dnlrm'' (transliterated by the editors of a study </ins>of West Semitic <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cylinder seals as “Adanluram”) found on a seal </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in graffiti at Hama </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ancient Hamath in Syria</ins>).<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref> </ins>[[John A. Tvedtnes|Tvedtnes]], [[John <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gee|</ins>Gee]] and [[Matthew Roper|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Roper</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>in “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|''JBMS'']] 9/1 (2000):49<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, citing N. Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jeruslem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), p. 285, no. 760</ins>.</ref> '''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L<small>URAM</small></ins>''' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">may be from </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hebrew root ram “to be exalted”</ins><ref> [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </ins>Hebrew <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 vols</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">revised by W</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Baumgartner and Johann J</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Stamm</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Leiden</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Brill</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition</ins>.|''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HALOT</ins>'']], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">p. 1202; cf</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] Ram = Hebrew </ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rām</ins>'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“Exalted” </ins>([<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">https</ins>://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/2.9?lang=eng#8 1 Chronicles 2:9]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/job/32.2?lang=eng#1 Job 32:2], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.3?lang=eng#2 Matthew 1:3</ins>])<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, as also in the last part of </ins>Abram <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“Exalted-Father”</ins>.</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and the particle ''lu'', with an asseverative or precative sense, “oh that; indeed, certainly,”<ref> [[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HALOT</ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]], p. 521; cf. Zipora Cochavi-Rainey, </ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The Akkadian Dialect of Egyptian Scribe </ins>in the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">14th and 13th Centuries BCE'' </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2011</ins>), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">94, 104-5, 136, 200, for a discussion of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Akkadian </ins>asseverative<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/precative particle ''lu''.</ref> producing the meaning of a hypocoristicon</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“may </ins>he [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">God, the Lord</ins>] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">be exalted; he is truly exalted</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">”</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Less </del>likely <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is a mixed name containing </del>the Sumerian <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">word for </del>“man,” <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">LÚ, and </del>the Akkadian <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">word for “exalted,” </del>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>I am not aware of a single instance of mixed language names. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu</del>'', <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1956-2010.|''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''lu'' and ''maḫ'' </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">borrowed </del>from <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sumerian into Akkadian</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref></del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It is less </ins>likely <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that </ins>the Sumerian <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">LÚ, </ins>“man,” <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">would be combined with </ins>the Akkadian ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ram</ins>'', <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“exalted</ins>,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">” thus “exalted man</ins>,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">” since most proper names </ins>are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">generally not produced </ins>from <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a combination of languages</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Also </ins>less likely is a derivation from Akkadian ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree).”<ref> [[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CAD</ins>'']], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“L,” </ins>9:255.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Much </del>less likely is a derivation from Akkadian ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree).”<ref>[[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Chicago Assyrian Dictionary</del>'']] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L</del>, 9:255.</ref></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfbhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=12045&oldid=prevPyh at 01:50, 13 March 20152015-03-13T01:50:02Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.” <ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]], and [[Matthew Roper]] first drew attention to this name in [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|''JBMS'']] 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” '' l'', which is probably the precative<ref>For the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar'']] §159''l'',''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb '' rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.” <ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]], and [[Matthew Roper]] first drew attention to this name in [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|''JBMS'']] 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” '' l'', which is probably the precative<ref>For the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar'']] §159''l'',''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb '' rūm'',<ref>The same stative <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">form of the </ins>verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>I am not aware of a single instance of mixed language names. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lu'' and ''maḫ'' are borrowed from Sumerian into Akkadian.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>I am not aware of a single instance of mixed language names. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lu'' and ''maḫ'' are borrowed from Sumerian into Akkadian.</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Pyhhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=12043&oldid=prevPyh at 22:04, 12 March 20152015-03-12T22:04:43Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <div style="text-align: right;">[[Stephen D. Ricks|SDR]] and [[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]</div></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See also [[Luram / Laram Variants]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See also [[Luram / Laram Variants]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Pyhhttps://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=12009&oldid=prevRachele4 at 21:31, 9 February 20152015-02-09T21:31:13Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:31, 9 February 2015</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.” <ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]], and [[Matthew Roper]] first drew attention to this name in [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|''JBMS'']] 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” '' l'', which is probably the precative<ref>For the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">GKC</del>'']] §159''l'',''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb '' rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.” <ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]], and [[Matthew Roper]] first drew attention to this name in [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|''JBMS'']] 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” '' l'', which is probably the precative<ref>For the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar</ins>'']] §159''l'',''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb '' rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>I am not aware of a single instance of mixed language names. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CAD</del>'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lu'' and ''maḫ'' are borrowed from Sumerian into Akkadian.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>I am not aware of a single instance of mixed language names. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Chicago Assyrian Dictionary</ins>'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lu'' and ''maḫ'' are borrowed from Sumerian into Akkadian.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Much less likely is a derivation from Akkadian ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree).”<ref>[[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CAD</del>'']] L, 9:255.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Much less likely is a derivation from Akkadian ''lurmû'' “pomegranate (tree).”<ref>[[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Chicago Assyrian Dictionary</ins>'']] L, 9:255.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]], [[RAMAH|R<small>AMAH</small>]], [[RAMATH|R<small>AMATH</small>]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Rachele4https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=LURAM&diff=11938&oldid=prevSamuelfb at 22:00, 8 January 20152015-01-08T22:00:30Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:00, 8 January 2015</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Etymology'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.” <ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]], and [[Matthew Roper]] first drew attention to this name in [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del>|LDS]] circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|''JBMS'']] 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” '' l'', which is probably the precative<ref>For the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''GKC'']] §159''l'',''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb '' rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The name element ''lrm'' forms part of an Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]], ''ʼdnlrm'', found on a seal during the Hama, Syria, excavations. The same [[Personal Name|PN]] “is known from graffiti on three eighth-century bricks from” Hama. Nahman Avigad with some uncertainty transliterates the name as “Adanluram.” <ref>Nahman Avigad, ''Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals'', revised and completed by Benjamin Sass (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997), 285, n. 760. [[John A. Tvedtnes|John Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]], and [[Matthew Roper]] first drew attention to this name in [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] circles in their article, “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” [[Journal of Book of Mormon Studies|''JBMS'']] 9/1 (2000):49.</ref> This Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]] appears to consist of three parts, ''ʼdn'', which means “master” or “lord;” '' l'', which is probably the precative<ref>For the use of ''lû'' as a precative particle, see [[Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.|''GKC'']] §159''l'',''m'', and ''x''.</ref> or asseverative particle ''lû'', and the stative verb '' rūm'',<ref>The same stative verb ''rūm'' appears in the biblical names Ram ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ruth/4.19?lang=eng#18 Ruth 4:19]) and Abram.</ref> meaning “lifted up, exalted.” '''L<small>URAM</small>''' would then mean in the precative “May he be exalted” ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]), or in the asseverative, “Surely he is exalted” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>I am not aware of a single instance of mixed language names. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lu'' and ''maḫ'' are borrowed from Sumerian into Akkadian.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Less likely is a mixed name containing the Sumerian word for “man,” LÚ, and the Akkadian word for “exalted,” ''rām''. Such mixing of languages in ancient Near Eastern names is rather unlikely.<ref>I am not aware of a single instance of mixed language names. The Akkadian word ''lumaḫḫu'', a high ranking priest or purification priest ([[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.|''CAD'']] L 9:244) is not a name; it is a title. And it is not a mixed name because both elements, ''lu'' and ''maḫ'' are borrowed from Sumerian into Akkadian.</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Samuelfb