GAD: Difference between revisions

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|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''
|1.
|1.
|City, burned with fire ca. 34 AD, along with [[LAMAN|L<small>AMAN</small>]], [[JOSH|J<small>OSH</small>]], and [[KISHKUMEN|K<small>ISHKUMEN</small>]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.10?lang=eng#9 3 Nephi 9:10])
|City, burned with fire at the time of the Crucifixion, along with [[LAMAN|L<small>AMAN</small>]], [[JOSH|J<small>OSH</small>]], and [[KISHKUMEN|K<small>ISHKUMEN</small>]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.10?lang=eng#9 3 Nephi 9:10])
|}
|}


'''Etymology'''
'''Etymology'''


It is likely that this [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] GN comes from the PN of the first person who settled the city (see [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.7?lang=eng#6 Alma 8:7]). The root ''gad'' in Hebrew means “fortune, luck, riches, etc.,” and is quite common in Hebrew, including the PN ''gād'', one of the twelve sons of [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]] ([[ISRAEL|I<small>SRAEL</small>]]).<ref>The King James Bible disguises the meaning of [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]]’s son name by rendering [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/30.11?lang=eng#10 Genesis 30:11] (the first time the personal name appears in the Bible), “And Leah said, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad.” The Matthew Bible (1537) is more accurate, “Then said Lea: Good luck: and called his name Gad.” A more literal translation might be, “And Leah said, “By good fortune!” And she called his name Gad.” (See ''HALOT'' sub גד.)The name for ''troop/band'' in biblical Hebrew is ''gĕdȗd'', a close homophone (in Semitic languages) of ''gad''.</ref> The (deified) word appears in biblical PNs, e.g., ''Gaddiel'' (perhaps, “My fortune is El”) in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/13.5?lang=eng#4 Numbers 13:5], and in extra-biblical Hebrew texts close to the time of [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).<REF>See Shmuel Ahitub, ''Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period'' (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), 503, for the names גד, גדיו, גדעזר. </REF>  
It is likely that this [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small> hapax legomenon GN comes from the PN of the first person who settled the city (see [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.7?lang=eng#6 Alma 8:7]). The root ''gad'' in Hebrew means "fortune, luck, riches, etc.," and is quite common in Hebrew, including the PN ''gād'', one of the twelve sons of [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]] ([[ISRAEL|I<small>SRAEL</small>]]).<ref>The King James Bible disguises the meaning of [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]]'s son's name by rendering [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/30.11?lang=eng#10 Genesis 30:11] (the first time the personal name appears in the Bible), "And Leah said, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad." The Matthew Bible (1537) is more accurate, "Then said Lea: Good luck: and called his name Gad." A more literal translation might be, "And Leah said, 'By good fortune!' And she called his name Gad." (See ''HALOT'' sub גד.) The name for ''troop''/''band'' in biblical Hebrew is ''gĕdȗd'', a close homophone (in Semitic languages) of ''gad''.</ref>The (deified) word appears in biblical PNs, e.g., ''Gaddiel'' (perhaps, "My fortune is El") in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/13.5?lang=eng#4 Numbers 13:5], and in extra-biblical Hebrew texts close to the time of [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] ([[John A. Tvedtnes]]).<ref>See Shmuel Ahitub, ''Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period'' (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), 503, for the names גד, גדיו, גדעזר.</ref>


The biblical noun ''gĕdȗd'', “band, troop,” is a possibility for this GN.<ref>The Hebrew verb ''gdd'' that apparently comes from this primary noun means “to band together.” See ''HALOT'' sub גדד.</ref> However, “fortune” seems a more likely name for a city than “troop.”
The biblical noun ''gĕdȗd'', "band, troop," is a possibility for this GN.<ref>The Hebrew verb ''gdd'' apparently is a denominative from this primary noun and means "to band together." See ''HALOT'' sub גדד.</ref> However, "fortune" seems a more likely name for a city that "troop."


Less likely, though not impossible is the biblical Hebrew word for “coriander,” ''gad''. For an example of a Near Eastern GN coming from a plant, see the Arabic GN Ras Shamra, “cape fennel” ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]).
Less likely, though not impossible is the biblical Hebrew word for "coriander," ''gad'', mentioned in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/16.31?lang=eng#30 Exodus 16:31]. For an example of a Near Eastern GN coming from a plant, see the Arabic GN Ras Shamra, "cape fennel" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]).
 
If Sumerian can be appealed to, the following could be considered. Sumerian <sup>giš</sup>GADA = Akkadian ''kitû'' "flax, linen (clothing)," as in GADA.LUGAL, ''kitû šarri'', "byssus."<ref>Cochavi-Rainey, ''Akkadian Dialect of Egyptian Scribes'', 16.</ref> Cf. also Sumerian <sup>lú</sup>GAD, = Akkadian ''pētû'', "door-keeper."<ref>Borger, #157; ''CAD'' "K" 475b; ''AHw'', 861b.</ref>


Cf. Book of Mormon [[GID|G<small>ID</small>]], [[AMGID|A<small>MGID</small>]], [[AMNIGADDAH|A<small>MNIGADDAH</small>]], [[GADIANDI|G<small>ADIANDI</small>]], [[GADIANTON/GADDIANTON|G<small>ADIANTON</small>]]/[[GADIANTON/GADDIANTON|G<small>ADDIANTON</small>]], [[GADIOMNAH|G<small>ADIOMNAH</small>]], et al.
Cf. Book of Mormon [[GID|G<small>ID</small>]], [[AMGID|A<small>MGID</small>]], [[AMNIGADDAH|A<small>MNIGADDAH</small>]], [[GADIANDI|G<small>ADIANDI</small>]], [[GADIANTON/GADDIANTON|G<small>ADIANTON</small>]]/[[GADIANTON/GADDIANTON|G<small>ADDIANTON</small>]], [[GADIOMNAH|G<small>ADIOMNAH</small>]], et al.

Revision as of 11:35, 27 June 2013

Lehite GN 1. City, burned with fire at the time of the Crucifixion, along with LAMAN, JOSH, and KISHKUMEN (3 Nephi 9:10)

Etymology

It is likely that this [[NEPHITE(S)|NEPHITE hapax legomenon GN comes from the PN of the first person who settled the city (see Alma 8:7). The root gad in Hebrew means "fortune, luck, riches, etc.," and is quite common in Hebrew, including the PN gād, one of the twelve sons of JACOB (ISRAEL).[1]The (deified) word appears in biblical PNs, e.g., Gaddiel (perhaps, "My fortune is El") in Numbers 13:5, and in extra-biblical Hebrew texts close to the time of LEHI (John A. Tvedtnes).[2]

The biblical noun gĕdȗd, "band, troop," is a possibility for this GN.[3] However, "fortune" seems a more likely name for a city that "troop."

Less likely, though not impossible is the biblical Hebrew word for "coriander," gad, mentioned in Exodus 16:31. For an example of a Near Eastern GN coming from a plant, see the Arabic GN Ras Shamra, "cape fennel" (JH).

If Sumerian can be appealed to, the following could be considered. Sumerian gišGADA = Akkadian kitû "flax, linen (clothing)," as in GADA.LUGAL, kitû šarri, "byssus."[4] Cf. also Sumerian lúGAD, = Akkadian pētû, "door-keeper."[5]

Cf. Book of Mormon GID, AMGID, AMNIGADDAH, GADIANDI, GADIANTON/GADDIANTON, GADIOMNAH, et al.

Variants

Deseret Alphabet: 𐐘𐐈𐐔 (ɡæd)

Notes

  1. ↑ The King James Bible disguises the meaning of JACOB's son's name by rendering Genesis 30:11 (the first time the personal name appears in the Bible), "And Leah said, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad." The Matthew Bible (1537) is more accurate, "Then said Lea: Good luck: and called his name Gad." A more literal translation might be, "And Leah said, 'By good fortune!' And she called his name Gad." (See HALOT sub גד.) The name for troop/band in biblical Hebrew is gĕdȗd, a close homophone (in Semitic languages) of gad.
  2. ↑ See Shmuel Ahitub, Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), 503, for the names גד, גדיו, גדעזר.
  3. ↑ The Hebrew verb gdd apparently is a denominative from this primary noun and means "to band together." See HALOT sub גדד.
  4. ↑ Cochavi-Rainey, Akkadian Dialect of Egyptian Scribes, 16.
  5. ↑ Borger, #157; CAD "K" 475b; AHw, 861b.
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