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|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]''' | |'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]''' | ||
|1. | |1. | ||
|City, burned with fire | |City, burned with fire at the time of the Crucifixion, along with [[LAMAN|L<small>AMAN</small>]], [[JOSH|J<small>OSH</small>]], and [[KISHKUMEN|K<small>ISHKUMEN</small>]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.10?lang=eng#9 3 Nephi 9:10]) | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Etymology''' | |||
It is likely that this [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] hapax legomenon [[Geographical Name|GN]] comes from the [[Personal Name|PN]] of the first person who settled the city (see [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.7?lang=eng#6 Alma 8:7]). The root ''gad'' in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] means "fortune, luck, riches, etc.," and is quite common in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], including the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''gād'', one of the twelve sons of [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]] ([[ISRAEL|I<small>SRAEL</small>]]).<ref>The King James Bible disguises the meaning of [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]]'s son's name by rendering [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/30.11?lang=eng#10 Genesis 30:11] (the first time the personal name appears in the Bible), "And Leah said, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad." The Matthew Bible (1537) is more accurate, "Then said Lea: Good luck: and called his name Gad." A more literal translation might be, "And Leah said, 'By good fortune!' And she called his name Gad." (See [[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']] sub גד.) The name for ''troop''/''band'' in biblical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] is ''gĕdȗd'', a close homophone (in Semitic languages) of ''gad''.</ref>The (deified) word appears in biblical [[Personal Name|PN]]s, e.g., ''Gaddiel'' (perhaps, "My fortune is El") in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/13.5?lang=eng#4 Numbers 13:5], and in extra-biblical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] texts close to the time of [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).<ref>See Shmuel Ahituv, ''Echoes from the Past: [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period'' (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), 503, for the names גד, גדיו, גדעזר.</ref> | |||
The biblical noun ''gĕdȗd'', "band, troop," is a possibility for this [[Geographical Name|GN]].<ref>The [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] verb ''gdd'' apparently is a denominative from this primary noun and means "to band together." See [[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']] sub גדד.</ref> However, "fortune" seems a more likely name for a city that "troop." | |||
Less likely, though not impossible is the biblical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for "coriander," ''gad'', mentioned in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/16.31?lang=eng#30 Exodus 16:31]. For an example of a Near Eastern [[Geographical Name|GN]] coming from a plant, see the Arabic [[Geographical Name|GN]] Ras Shamra, "cape fennel" ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). | |||
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== | If Sumerian can be appealed to, the following could be considered. Sumerian <sup>giš</sup>GADA = Akkadian ''kitû'' "flax, linen (clothing)," as in GADA.LUGAL, ''kitû šarri'', "byssus."<ref>Cochavi-Rainey, Zipora. ''The Akkadian Dialect of Egyptian Scribes in the 14th and 13th Centuries BCE.'' University of Toronto Press. 2011., 16.</ref> Cf. also Sumerian <sup>lú</sup>GAD, = Akkadian ''pētû'', "door-keeper."<ref>[[Rykle Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon. 2nd ed. AOAT 305. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2010.|''MZ'']], #157 (p. 285); ''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago.'' (Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.) "K" 475b; [[W. Von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965–1981.|''AHw'']], 861b.</ref> | ||
[[ | Cf. Book of Mormon [[GID|G<small>ID</small>]], [[AMGID|A<small>MGID</small>]], [[AMNIGADDAH|A<small>MNIGADDAH</small>]], [[GADIANDI|G<small>ADIANDI</small>]], [[GADIANTON/GADDIANTON|G<small>ADIANTON</small>]], [[GADIOMNAH|G<small>ADIOMNAH</small>]], et al. | ||
'''Variants''' | |||
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐘𐐈𐐔 (ɡæd) | |||
'''Notes''' | |||
---- | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite GN]] | [[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite GN]] | ||
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[EZROM/EZRUM|<<]] Gad [[GADIANDI|>>]] </div> | |||
==[[Name Index]]== | |||
<big> | |||
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt" | |||
|- | |||
|[[A]] | |||
|[[B]] | |||
|[[C]] | |||
|[[D]] | |||
|[[E]] | |||
|<font color="lightgray">F</font> | |||
|[[G]] | |||
|[[H]] | |||
|[[I]] | |||
|[[J]] | |||
|[[K]] | |||
|[[L]] | |||
|[[M]] | |||
|[[N]] | |||
|[[O]] | |||
|[[P]] | |||
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font> | |||
|[[R]] | |||
|[[S]] | |||
|[[T]] | |||
|[[U]] | |||
|<font color="lightgray">V</font> | |||
|<font color="lightgray">W</font> | |||
|<font color="lightgray">X</font> | |||
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font> | |||
|[[Z]] | |||
|} | |||
Revision as of 12:57, 28 June 2017
| Lehite GN | 1. | City, burned with fire at the time of the Crucifixion, along with LAMAN, JOSH, and KISHKUMEN (3 Nephi 9:10) |
Etymology
It is likely that this NEPHITE hapax legomenon GN comes from the PN of the first person who settled the city (see Alma 8:7). The root gad in HEBREW means "fortune, luck, riches, etc.," and is quite common in HEBREW, including the PN gād, one of the twelve sons of JACOB (ISRAEL).[1]The (deified) word appears in biblical PNs, e.g., Gaddiel (perhaps, "My fortune is El") in Numbers 13:5, and in extra-biblical HEBREW texts close to the time of LEHI (JAT).[2]
The biblical noun gĕdȗd, "band, troop," is a possibility for this GN.[3] However, "fortune" seems a more likely name for a city that "troop."
Less likely, though not impossible is the biblical HEBREW word for "coriander," gad, mentioned in Exodus 16:31. For an example of a Near Eastern GN coming from a plant, see the Arabic GN Ras Shamra, "cape fennel" (JH).
If Sumerian can be appealed to, the following could be considered. Sumerian gišGADA = Akkadian kitû "flax, linen (clothing)," as in GADA.LUGAL, kitû šarri, "byssus."[4] Cf. also Sumerian lúGAD, = Akkadian pētû, "door-keeper."[5]
Cf. Book of Mormon GID, AMGID, AMNIGADDAH, GADIANDI, GADIANTON, GADIOMNAH, et al.
Variants
Deseret Alphabet: 𐐘𐐈𐐔 (ɡæd)
Notes
- ↑ The King James Bible disguises the meaning of JACOB's son's name by rendering Genesis 30:11 (the first time the personal name appears in the Bible), "And Leah said, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad." The Matthew Bible (1537) is more accurate, "Then said Lea: Good luck: and called his name Gad." A more literal translation might be, "And Leah said, 'By good fortune!' And she called his name Gad." (See HALOT sub גד.) The name for troop/band in biblical HEBREW is gĕdȗd, a close homophone (in Semitic languages) of gad.
- ↑ See Shmuel Ahituv, Echoes from the Past: HEBREW and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), 503, for the names גד, גדיו, גדעזר.
- ↑ The HEBREW verb gdd apparently is a denominative from this primary noun and means "to band together." See HALOT sub גדד.
- ↑ Cochavi-Rainey, Zipora. The Akkadian Dialect of Egyptian Scribes in the 14th and 13th Centuries BCE. University of Toronto Press. 2011., 16.
- ↑ MZ, #157 (p. 285); Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. (Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.) "K" 475b; AHw, 861b.
Name Index
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
