GNOLAUM
| Pearl of Great Price PN | 1. | GNOLAUM “eternal” Abraham 3:18 |
Hebrew ˁÔlām; Aramaic ˁâl(a)mâ (*ˁawlăm, the augmentative original?)[1]; Hebrew ˁOlam “The-Eternal” = Phoenician ˁUlom = Oulomos of Mochus) "the name of a Phoenician old god, 'the ancient one' literally."[2] 'El-ˁolam is used, for example, in early Canaanite divine names,[3] and is the same as Hebrew ʼelohey ˁolam “everlasting God” (Isaiah 40:28).[4] Cf. gibˁot ˁolam “everlasting hills” (Habbakuk 3:6); GN bet-ˁolam “house of eternity” (Ecclesiastes 1:4,10, 2:16, 3:14, 12:3,5,7), which appears in Egyptian transliteration as bЗt-ˁrm in the conquest list of Pharaoh Shishak I (Bubastite Portal 3:36)[5]; pitḥe-ˁolam “gates of eternity” (Psalm 24:7,9); “God has set eternity[6] in their heart” (Ecclesiastes 3:11 NJB note b); Ugaritic ġlmt, “Darkness,”[7] and zbl mlk ˁllmy “the Prince, the Eternal King,”[8] and rpʼu mlk ˁlm “the Hero, the Eternal King.”[9] Note that Egyptian nb dt (or nb nḥḥ) “Lord of eternity” = Ptah (ANET 4-6) = Canaanite dū ˁôlami “lord of eternity”; Amarna Cuneiform -ilam, -olam.[10] Cf. Also Hebrew hălîkôt ˁôlām “ancient orbits,” or pathways taken by deities as they make their celestial circuit.[11]
Notes
- ↑ The same as Mandaean/Gnostic Alma “Age, Eternity” (Aramaic Glossary of Mandaic-Aramaic Terms used by the Order of Nazorean Essenes by Abba Yesai Nasrai. online at http://www.volker-doormann.org/aramaic.htm ); but ˁolam transliterated γελαμ in LXX (Hatch & Redpath, Concordance to the Septuagint [1897-1906], 235b).
- ↑ F. M. Cross, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, 24-35; Cross, From Epic to Canon, 77, 82; D. N. Freedman defines ˁOlam as “the Eternal” at Deuteronomy 33:27 (Freedman, “The Poetic Structure of the Framework of Deuteronomy 33,” in G. Rendsburg, et al., eds., The Bible World [KTAV, 1980], reprinted in Freedman, Divine Commitment, 95); cf. J. Bright, A History of Israel, 3rd ed. (Westminster Press, 1981), 100.
- ↑ W. F. Albright, Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan (London ed.), 104 and n. 21, citing F. M. Cross in Harvard Theological Review, 55 (1962):236-244; cf. J. A. Thompson, “The Root ˁ-l-m in Semitic Languages and Some Proposed New Translations in Ugaritic and Hebrew,” in R. Fischer, ed., A Tribute to Arthur Vööbus: Studies in Early Christian Literature and Its Environment, Primarily in the Syrian East (Chicago: Lutheran School of Theology, 1977), 159-166 ; E. Jenni, “Das Wort ˁōlām im Alten Testament,” ZAW, 64 (1952):197-248; 65 (1953):1-35.
- ↑ R. N. Holzapfel, D. M. Pike, and D. R. Seely, Jehovah and the World of the Old Testament (SLC: Deseret Book, 2009), 18.
- ↑ John Currid, Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997), 192-193.
- ↑ In this instance Northrop Frye interprets ˁolam as “mystery, obscurity,” based on the context (Frye, The Great Code, 124).
- ↑ G. del Olmo Lete, Canaanite Religion According to the Liturgical Texts of Ugarit, 2nd ed., (Ugarit-Verlag, 2014), 45 (n. 49), 183 (n 24), citing del Olmo Lete, “HALAMA of Emar and ĠLMT of Ugarit: A ‘Dark’ Deity,” in L. Kogan, et al., eds., Festschrift M. Diakonoff, 47-57.
- ↑ A. Rahmouni, Divine Epithets in the Ugaritic Alphabetic Texts, HdO I, 93 (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 169.
- ↑ Rahmouni, Divine Epithets, 294.
- ↑ Cross, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, 16-20.
- ↑ Francis I. Andersen, Habakkuk, Anchor Bible 25 (Doubleday, 2001), 292, citing Albright, “The Psalm of Habakkuk,” in H. H. Rowley, ed., Studies in Old Testament Prophecy: Presented to Prof. Theodore H. Robinson (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1950), 14 n. t.
