LIMHAH: Difference between revisions
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The element -''hah''<ref>-''hah'' seems to be an element in the Book of Mormon onomasticon and may be analyzed separately.</ref> may be related to the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for “life; alive; live; make alive,” ''ḥayah'', from the proto-Semitic root *''ḥyy''. If so, then '''L<small>IMHAH</small>''' could be etymologized, analogous to [[LIMHI|L<small>IMHI</small>]], to mean “Lim has preserved alive,” or “Lim makes life.” | The element -''hah''<ref>-''hah'' seems to be an element in the Book of Mormon onomasticon and may be analyzed separately.</ref> may be related to the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for “life; alive; live; make alive,” ''ḥayah'', from the proto-Semitic root *''ḥyy''. If so, then '''L<small>IMHAH</small>''' could be etymologized, analogous to [[LIMHI|L<small>IMHI</small>]], to mean “Lim has preserved alive,” or “Lim makes life.” | ||
The element ''lim'' could also be related to Ugaritic ''lim'', a cognate with [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''lĕʾom''. Both mean “people/nation.” “People,” together with the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for “alive; live,” ''ḥay'', might yield “the people live,” that is, “the people are preserved alive.” The main issue with this etymology for '''L<small>IMHAH</small>''' is that the final ''h'' cannot be explained. ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]) | The element ''lim'' could also be related to Ugaritic ''lim'', a cognate with [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] לאם ''lĕʾom''. Both mean “people/nation.” “People,” together with the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for “alive; live,” חי ''ḥay'', might yield “the people live,” that is, “the people are preserved alive.” The main issue with this etymology for '''L<small>IMHAH</small>''' is that the final ''h'' cannot be explained. ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]) | ||
On analogy with the etymology of [[LEMUEL|L<small>EMUEL</small>]], “Belonging to God,”<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']] למואל.</ref> it may be tempting to suggest that '''L<small>IMHAH</small>''' means, “belonging to Yahweh.” However, this possibility seems unlikely. The expected form would be something like ''lĕmîyāh'' or ''lĕmûyāh'' ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]), which would have either an /i/ or a /u/ between the ''m'' and the ''a'', and not an ''h''. | On analogy with the etymology of [[LEMUEL|L<small>EMUEL</small>]], “Belonging to God,”<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']] למואל.</ref> it may be tempting to suggest that '''L<small>IMHAH</small>''' means, “belonging to Yahweh.” However, this possibility seems unlikely. The expected form would be something like ''lĕmîyāh'' or ''lĕmûyāh'' ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]), which would have either an /i/ or a /u/ between the ''m'' and the ''a'', and not an ''h''. | ||
In Akkadian, ''lim/līmu'' means “1,000” (which may be related to [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''lĕʾom'', “people"<ref>[[W. Von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965–1981.|''AHw'']] 1:553b.</ref>) and is used as a shorted form of “thousand gods” that appear in Syro-Hittite treaties and Ugaritic texts<ref>[[Herbert B. Huffmon|Huffmon]], 226.</ref> ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). But Akkadian ''līmu'' and its Ugaritic cognate ''lim'' do not seem to be helpful in explaining Lehite names ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). | In Akkadian, ''lim/līmu'' means “1,000” (which may be related to [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] לאם ''lĕʾom'', “people"<ref>[[W. Von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965–1981.|''AHw'']] 1:553b.</ref>) and is used as a shorted form of “thousand gods” that appear in Syro-Hittite treaties and Ugaritic texts<ref>[[Herbert B. Huffmon|Huffmon]], 226.</ref> ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). But Akkadian ''līmu'' and its Ugaritic cognate ''lim'' do not seem to be helpful in explaining Lehite names ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). | ||
An etymology based on ''lmk'' such as the biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] Lamech is unlikely. While it is true that under certain conditions, the Masoretic pronunciation of ''k'' is spirantized, thus allowing for a transcribed /h/, it would not be spirantized in '''L<small>IMHAH</small>''', even if the Lehites held to the much later Masoretic pronunciation conventions. | An etymology based on ''lmk'' such as the biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] Lamech is unlikely. While it is true that under certain conditions, the Masoretic pronunciation of ''k'' is spirantized, thus allowing for a transcribed /h/, it would not be spirantized in '''L<small>IMHAH</small>''', even if the Lehites held to the much later Masoretic pronunciation conventions. | ||
Other etymologies might be sought in other North-west Semitic, East Semitic, and South Semitic languages, and possibly in [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small> | Other etymologies might be sought in other North-west Semitic, East Semitic, and South Semitic languages, and possibly in [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]]. | ||
Cf. Book of Mormon [[LIMHI|L<small>IMHI</small>]], [[LIMHER|L<small>IMHER</small>]], [[LIMNAH|L<small>IMNAH</small>]], perhaps [[LAMAH|L<small>AMAH</small>]].<ref>The brother names [[MAHAH|M<small>AHAH</small>]] and [[ORIHAH|O<small>RIHAH</small>]] are not included in this list because they are exclusively [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names attested only in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/6.14?lang=eng#13 Ether 6:14], while all the names above are attested exclusively in [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]]/Mulekite contexts. On the other hand, all the [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] names ending in -''hah'' only appear in the [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] record after the [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITES</small>]] could have theoretically come in contact with [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names.</ref> | Cf. Book of Mormon [[LIMHI|L<small>IMHI</small>]], [[LIMHER|L<small>IMHER</small>]], [[LIMNAH|L<small>IMNAH</small>]], perhaps [[LAMAH|L<small>AMAH</small>]].<ref>The brother names [[MAHAH|M<small>AHAH</small>]] and [[ORIHAH|O<small>RIHAH</small>]] are not included in this list because they are exclusively [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names attested only in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/6.14?lang=eng#13 Ether 6:14], while all the names above are attested exclusively in [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]]/Mulekite contexts. On the other hand, all the [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] names ending in -''hah'' only appear in the [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] record after the [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITES</small>]] could have theoretically come in contact with [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names.</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:05, 22 September 2023
| Lehite PN | 1. | General, 4th c. AD (Mormon 6:14) |
Etymology
Inasmuch as there are several Book of Mormon names beginning with lim, perhaps this element should be analyzed se¬parately. Until then, there are two viable etymologies for lim.
Lim occurs in Amorite PNs of the Bronze Age, perhaps the most prominent being the king of Mari, Zimri-Lim. If, as the consensus affirms, lim is a theophoric element, then it might be, by syncretism, a title for HEBREW Yahweh.
The element -hah[1] may be related to the HEBREW word for “life; alive; live; make alive,” ḥayah, from the proto-Semitic root *ḥyy. If so, then LIMHAH could be etymologized, analogous to LIMHI, to mean “Lim has preserved alive,” or “Lim makes life.”
The element lim could also be related to Ugaritic lim, a cognate with HEBREW לאם lĕʾom. Both mean “people/nation.” “People,” together with the HEBREW word for “alive; live,” חי ḥay, might yield “the people live,” that is, “the people are preserved alive.” The main issue with this etymology for LIMHAH is that the final h cannot be explained. (RFS)
On analogy with the etymology of LEMUEL, “Belonging to God,”[2] it may be tempting to suggest that LIMHAH means, “belonging to Yahweh.” However, this possibility seems unlikely. The expected form would be something like lĕmîyāh or lĕmûyāh (JH), which would have either an /i/ or a /u/ between the m and the a, and not an h.
In Akkadian, lim/līmu means “1,000” (which may be related to HEBREW לאם lĕʾom, “people"[3]) and is used as a shorted form of “thousand gods” that appear in Syro-Hittite treaties and Ugaritic texts[4] (RFS). But Akkadian līmu and its Ugaritic cognate lim do not seem to be helpful in explaining Lehite names (JH). An etymology based on lmk such as the biblical PN Lamech is unlikely. While it is true that under certain conditions, the Masoretic pronunciation of k is spirantized, thus allowing for a transcribed /h/, it would not be spirantized in LIMHAH, even if the Lehites held to the much later Masoretic pronunciation conventions. Other etymologies might be sought in other North-west Semitic, East Semitic, and South Semitic languages, and possibly in EGYPTIAN.
Cf. Book of Mormon LIMHI, LIMHER, LIMNAH, perhaps LAMAH.[5]
Variants
Deseret Alphabet: 𐐢𐐆𐐣𐐐𐐂 (lɪmhɑː)
Notes
- ↑ -hah seems to be an element in the Book of Mormon onomasticon and may be analyzed separately.
- ↑ HALOT למואל.
- ↑ AHw 1:553b.
- ↑ Huffmon, 226.
- ↑ The brother names MAHAH and ORIHAH are not included in this list because they are exclusively JAREDITE names attested only in Ether 6:14, while all the names above are attested exclusively in NEPHITE/Mulekite contexts. On the other hand, all the NEPHITE names ending in -hah only appear in the NEPHITE record after the NEPHITES could have theoretically come in contact with JAREDITE names.
Name Index
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