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Book of Mormon '''L<small>EHI</small>''', who passed through the Arabian peninsula after his flight from [[JERUSALEM|J<small>ERUSALEM</small>]] ([[Newsletter and Proceedings of the Society for Early Historic Archaeology|''NPSEHA'']] **). [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] notes one Minaean and 8 Thamudian examples of the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''lḥy'', and indicates that it exists as a [[Personal Name|PN]] also in Arabic ([[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']] 58–59, 239, fn. 26 to Chap. 22); a variant ''lḥyn'' also exists (Alessia Prioletta, Inscriptions from the Southern Highlands of Yemen [Rome: Bretschneider, 2013], 246). There is also a Hadrami example of the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''lḥy'' in [[James B. Pritchard, ed. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1969.|''ANET'']], 670 ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), and the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''lwḥy'' appears in writings from the Jewish colony at Elephantine (14:3) ([[Edward H. Ashment|EHA]]). [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] further notes the existence of a site known in Arabic as ''bêt-la*hi'', “house of '''L<small>EHI</small>''',” in the vicinity of Gaza ([[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 58–59 and [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 239). There is also a ''ḥirbet bêt lahi'' (spelled in English texts “Lei,” though the local inhabitants pronounce it ''lahi'') near Mareshah which has been discussed by [[Joseph Ginat]], who connected a cave in the area with that of [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/1_ne/3 1 Nephi 3] ([[Newsletter and Proceedings of the Society for Early Historic Archaeology|''NPSEHA'']] *) ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).
Book of Mormon '''L<small>EHI</small>''', who passed through the Arabian peninsula after his flight from [[JERUSALEM|J<small>ERUSALEM</small>]] ([[Newsletter and Proceedings of the Society for Early Historic Archaeology|''NPSEHA'']] **). [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] notes one Minaean and 8 Thamudian examples of the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''lḥy'', and indicates that it exists as a [[Personal Name|PN]] also in Arabic ([[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']] 58–59, 239, fn. 26 to Chap. 22); a variant ''lḥyn'' also exists (Alessia Prioletta, Inscriptions from the Southern Highlands of Yemen [Rome: Bretschneider, 2013], 246). There is also a Hadrami example of the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''lḥy'' in [[James B. Pritchard, ed. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1969.|''ANET'']], 670 ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), and the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''lwḥy'' appears in writings from the Jewish colony at Elephantine (14:3) ([[Edward H. Ashment|EHA]]). [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] further notes the existence of a site known in Arabic as ''bêt-la*hi'', “house of '''L<small>EHI</small>''',” in the vicinity of Gaza ([[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 58–59 and [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 239). There is also a ''ḥirbet bêt lahi'' (spelled in English texts “Lei,” though the local inhabitants pronounce it ''lahi'') near Mareshah which has been discussed by [[Joseph Ginat]], who connected a cave in the area with that of [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/1_ne/3 1 Nephi 3] ([[Newsletter and Proceedings of the Society for Early Historic Archaeology|''NPSEHA'']] *) ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).


Others have suggested that the name might be derived from the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for “jaw, cheek bone,” ''lḥy'', such as in the [[Geographical Name|GN]] [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/judg/15/9,14,19#9 Judges 15:9, 14, 19] (MWJ, [[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). The [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for “jaw, cheek bone” is also found in Arabic *( ''laḥiy''), Ugaritic *(''lḥ''), and Akkadian *( ''laḫû'') (J. Wevers in [[J. W. Wevers, and D. B. Redford, eds. Essays on the Ancient Semitic World. Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies 1. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1970.|''EASW'']], p. 108). Some have faulted [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] for not noting this word ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]), but instead connecting '''L<small>EHI</small>''' to the biblical placename Lahairoi ([[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 239 & fn. 24), thus implying that this is the only occurrence of the name in the Bible ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). However, [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] was correct in ignoring this possibility, because a [[Personal Name|PN]] based on the word “cheek bone” hardly seems possible given the nature of the [[Personal Name|PN]]s onomastica of the ancient Near East.
Others have suggested that the name might be derived from the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for “jaw, cheek bone,” ''lḥy'', such as in the [[Geographical Name|GN]] [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/judg/15/9,14,19#9 Judges 15:9, 14, 19] (MWJ, [[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). The [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word for “jaw, cheek bone” is also found in Arabic *( ''laḥiy''), Ugaritic *(''lḥ''), and Akkadian *( ''laḫû'') (J. Wevers in [[J. W. Wevers, and D. B. Redford, eds. Essays on the Ancient Semitic World. Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies 1. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1970.|''EASW'']], p. 108). Some have faulted [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] for not noting this word ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]), but instead connecting '''L<small>EHI</small>''' to the biblical placename Lahairoi ([[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 239 & fn. 24), thus implying that this is the only occurrence of the name in the Bible ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<ref>Robert F. Smith  “Some ‘Neologisms’ from the Mormon Canon,” ''1973 Conference on the Language of the Mormons'', May 31, 1973 (Provo: BYU Language Research Center, 1973), 65, online at https://www.scribd.com/document/363522963/SOME-NEOLOGISMS-FROM-THE-MORMON-CANON .</ref> However, [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] was correct in ignoring this possibility, because a [[Personal Name|PN]] based on the word “cheek bone” hardly seems possible given the nature of the [[Personal Name|PN]]s onomastica of the ancient Near East.


[[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] ties '''L<small>EHI</small>''' to the well of [[ISHMAEL|I<small>SHMAEL</small>]], known in the Bible as ''beʿēr la-ḥay roʾī'' ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/gen/16/14#14 Genesis 16:14]), generally translated “well of the one who sees me,” but believed by Wellhousen to mean “spring of the wildox jawbone” or “cheek” as others render it. [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] believes that the name '''L<small>EHI</small>''' can be tied to the well because '''L<small>EHI</small>''', too, had close ties to a man named [[ISHMAEL|I<small>SHMAEL</small>]], whose daughters married the sons of '''L<small>EHI</small>'''. ([[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 58–59 and 239). Shunary also tied Book of Mormon '''L<small>EHI</small>''' to biblical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''la-ḥay'', “belonging to the Living One (= God)” ([[Yehonatan Shunary|YS]]). If '''L<small>EHI</small>''' means “belonging to the living one,” as the story in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/gen/16 Genesis 16] implies, then it should be compared with the Book of Mormon name [[PAANCHI|P<small>AANCHI</small>]], an [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] name meaning “the living one.” Also note Amorite ''*la ḥwi'', ''*lu la ḥya'' and ''*la ḥa'', a local deity or angel subordinate to El (Cazelles, Ugaritica VI:33-5).  The  
[[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] ties '''L<small>EHI</small>''' to the well of [[ISHMAEL|I<small>SHMAEL</small>]], known in the Bible as ''beʿēr la-ḥay roʾī'' ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/gen/16/14#14 Genesis 16:14]), generally translated “well of the one who sees me,” but believed by Wellhousen to mean “spring of the wildox jawbone” or “cheek” as others render it. [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] believes that the name '''L<small>EHI</small>''' can be tied to the well because '''L<small>EHI</small>''', too, had close ties to a man named [[ISHMAEL|I<small>SHMAEL</small>]], whose daughters married the sons of '''L<small>EHI</small>'''. ([[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 58–59 and 239). Shunary also tied Book of Mormon '''L<small>EHI</small>''' to biblical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''la-ḥay'', “belonging to the Living One (= God)” ([[Yehonatan Shunary|YS]]). If '''L<small>EHI</small>''' means “belonging to the living one,” as the story in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/gen/16 Genesis 16] implies, then it should be compared with the Book of Mormon name [[PAANCHI|P<small>AANCHI</small>]], an [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] name meaning “the living one.” Also note Amorite ''*la ḥwi'', ''*lu la ḥya'' and ''*la ḥa'', a local deity or angel subordinate to El (Cazelles, Ugaritica VI:33-5).  The  
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'''Notes'''
'''Notes'''
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'''Bibliography'''
'''Bibliography'''
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Revision as of 22:18, 10 November 2017

Lehite PN 1. Jerusalemite prophet who fled to the New World ca. 600 BC (1 Nephi 1:Preface (x2), 4, 5, 18; 2:1; 5:6, 10, 14, 16; 7:1 (x2); 18:17; 2 Nephi 1:Preface, 1, 6, 9; 2:17; 4:12; Jacob 1:1; 2:34; Enos 1:25; Mosiah 1:4; 2:34; 6:4; 28:20; 29:46; Alma 9:9, 13; 10:3; 18:36, 38; 28:2; 36:22; 49:8; 50:19; 56:3; Helaman 8:22; 3 Nephi 1:Preface, 1, 2; 2:6; 4:11; 5:15, 20, 22; 10:17; Mormon 4:12; Ether 13:5)
2. Son of ZORAM, possibly a ZORAMITE, ca. 81 BC (Alma 16:5)
3. NEPHITE general, ca. 74 BC (Alma 43:35, 36, 40 (x3), 52, 53; 49:16 (x2), 17 (x2); 52:27, 28 (x3), 29, 30, 31, 36; 53:2 (x3); 61:15, 18, 21; 62:3, 13; 62:32 (x2), 34, 37; Helaman 1:28) (possibly the same as No. 2?)
4. Son of HELAMAN No. 3, ca. 45 BC (Helaman 3:21; 4:14; 5:4, 18, 20, 23 (x2), 26, 36, 37, 44; 6:6; 11:19, 23; Ether 12:14)
Lehite GN 5. All the land south of the narrow neck of land inhabited by the descendants of LEHI I (Helaman 6:10)
6. City and land on eastern shore (between MORIANTON and MORONI?), hence not the same as No. 5, founded ca. 72 BC (Alma 50:15, 25 (X2), 26, 27, 28, 36; 51:1, 24, 26; 59:5; 62:30)

Etymology

Jeffrey Chadwick would tie LEHI to ʾblḥy in the SAMARIA papyri (see Frank Moore Cross, “Personal Names in the Samaria Papyri,” BASOR 344, 2006: 76 (75–90).

Nibley notes the discovery in Elath in 1940 of a potsherd bearing the PN lḥy. He also points out that Nelson Glueck has detected the same root in many compound names found inscribed on stones in Arabia. E.g., the PN lḥytn, “Lehi hath given” appears on a *Lihyanite monument (ABM, 239). Lynn M. Hilton has tied the tribal name lḥyān to Book of Mormon LEHI, who passed through the Arabian peninsula after his flight from JERUSALEM (NPSEHA **). Nibley notes one Minaean and 8 Thamudian examples of the PN lḥy, and indicates that it exists as a PN also in Arabic (ABM 58–59, 239, fn. 26 to Chap. 22); a variant lḥyn also exists (Alessia Prioletta, Inscriptions from the Southern Highlands of Yemen [Rome: Bretschneider, 2013], 246). There is also a Hadrami example of the PN lḥy in ANET, 670 (JAT), and the PN lwḥy appears in writings from the Jewish colony at Elephantine (14:3) (EHA). Nibley further notes the existence of a site known in Arabic as bêt-la*hi, “house of LEHI,” in the vicinity of Gaza (ABM, 58–59 and ABM, 239). There is also a ḥirbet bêt lahi (spelled in English texts “Lei,” though the local inhabitants pronounce it lahi) near Mareshah which has been discussed by Joseph Ginat, who connected a cave in the area with that of 1 Nephi 3 (NPSEHA *) (JAT).

Others have suggested that the name might be derived from the HEBREW word for “jaw, cheek bone,” lḥy, such as in the GN Judges 15:9, 14, 19 (MWJ, JH). The HEBREW word for “jaw, cheek bone” is also found in Arabic *( laḥiy), Ugaritic *(lḥ), and Akkadian *( laḫû) (J. Wevers in EASW, p. 108). Some have faulted Nibley for not noting this word (RFS), but instead connecting LEHI to the biblical placename Lahairoi (ABM, 239 & fn. 24), thus implying that this is the only occurrence of the name in the Bible (RFS).[1] However, Nibley was correct in ignoring this possibility, because a PN based on the word “cheek bone” hardly seems possible given the nature of the PNs onomastica of the ancient Near East.

Nibley ties LEHI to the well of ISHMAEL, known in the Bible as beʿēr la-ḥay roʾī (Genesis 16:14), generally translated “well of the one who sees me,” but believed by Wellhousen to mean “spring of the wildox jawbone” or “cheek” as others render it. Nibley believes that the name LEHI can be tied to the well because LEHI, too, had close ties to a man named ISHMAEL, whose daughters married the sons of LEHI. (ABM, 58–59 and 239). Shunary also tied Book of Mormon LEHI to biblical HEBREW la-ḥay, “belonging to the Living One (= God)” (YS). If LEHI means “belonging to the living one,” as the story in Genesis 16 implies, then it should be compared with the Book of Mormon name PAANCHI, an EGYPTIAN name meaning “the living one.” Also note Amorite *la ḥwi, *lu la ḥya and *la ḥa, a local deity or angel subordinate to El (Cazelles, Ugaritica VI:33-5). The la-ḥay roʾī, “LHY sees me,” of Beer-Sheba parallels the YHWH yirʾeh, “YHWH sees,” of Mamre in Gen. 22:14 (RFS).

John Gee has pointed out (personal email 6 March 2015) a possible Luwian example of the name Lehi from the 8th century written in Luwian hieroglyphs: la-hi-ia-sa (KULULU lead strip 3+ frag. 2, line 5), in John David Hawkins, Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2000), I.2:511. The individual owns a house and there are three men and two women in the house.�

Cf. Book of Mormon LEHI-NEPHI, ANTI-NEPHI-LEHI

Variants

Deseret Alphabet: 𐐢𐐀𐐐𐐌 (liːhaɪ)

Notes

  1. ↑ Robert F. Smith “Some ‘Neologisms’ from the Mormon Canon,” 1973 Conference on the Language of the Mormons, May 31, 1973 (Provo: BYU Language Research Center, 1973), 65, online at https://www.scribd.com/document/363522963/SOME-NEOLOGISMS-FROM-THE-MORMON-CANON .

Bibliography

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