NEAS: Difference between revisions

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'''Etymology'''
'''Etymology'''


Perhaps a [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] carryover, like [[SHEUM|S<small>HEUM</small>]], which see.  Possibly composed with Old Akkadian ''ás'', “resin, seed, cereal, emmer-wheat,” from Akkadian ''áš'', ''aś'', ''ás'', ''áz'', ''áṣ'' (<sup>ú</sup>ÁŠ/ZÍZ, ZĪZU II) “resin; emmer-wheat, cereal-food; dry-measure of 3 BAN”<ref>R. Borger, ''Assyrisch-babylonische Zeichenlexikon'', 339 (p. 141), Alter Orient und Altes Testament 33 (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978),  noting also that ÁŠ(ZIZ)-AN-NA = ''kunāšu'' “emmer”; cf. von Soden, [[Abbreviations|''AHw'']], 506  (cf. also Deimel, ŠL, 339.1,10,22,38; [[Abbreviations|''CAD'']], “A,” I/II:234a).</ref> – used, for example, in <sup>ú</sup>ÁŠ.DUG.GA “opium poppy,” in the name of the Sumerian grain-goddess, Ashnan (M. Civil), ''asnan'',<ref>Black, George, and Postgate, ''Concise Dictionary of Akkadian'', 28; [[Abbreviations|''CAD'']], “A,” I/II:450-452.</ref> and in A.ŠA, ''aš-šum'' “field” (= GÁN).<ref>Von Soden, [[Abbreviations|''AHw'']], I:85 mB/mA ''ašû'' IV “arable land?”; Ellermeier, ''Sumerisches Glossar'', I/1, ''Sumerisches Lautwerte'', 1:22; 2:607.</ref>
Perhaps a [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] carryover, like [[SHEUM|S<small>HEUM</small>]], which see.  Possibly composed with Old Akkadian ''ás'', “resin, seed, cereal, emmer-wheat,” from Akkadian ''áš'', ''aś'', ''ás'', ''áz'', ''áṣ'' (<sup>ú</sup>ÁŠ/ZÍZ, ZĪZU II) “resin; emmer-wheat, cereal-food; dry-measure of 3 BAN”<ref>[[Rykle Borger|R. Borger]], ''Assyrisch-babylonische Zeichenlexikon'', 339 (p. 141), Alter Orient und Altes Testament 33 (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978),  noting also that ÁŠ(ZIZ)-AN-NA = ''kunāšu'' “emmer”; cf. von Soden, [[Abbreviations|''AHw'']], 506  (cf. also Deimel, ŠL, 339.1,10,22,38; [[Abbreviations|''CAD'']], “A,” I/II:234a).</ref> – used, for example, in <sup>ú</sup>ÁŠ.DUG.GA “opium poppy,” in the name of the Sumerian grain-goddess, Ashnan (M. Civil), ''asnan'',<ref>Black, George, and Postgate, ''Concise Dictionary of Akkadian'', 28; [[Abbreviations|''CAD'']], “A,” I/II:450-452.</ref> and in A.ŠA, ''aš-šum'' “field” (= GÁN).<ref>Von Soden, [[Abbreviations|''AHw'']], I:85 mB/mA ''ašû'' IV “arable land?”; Ellermeier, ''Sumerisches Glossar'', I/1, ''Sumerisches Lautwerte'', 1:22; 2:607.</ref>


Cf. Old & Late Babylonian ''nušû'', ''nešu'', a plant of some sort ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]).<ref>Von Soden, [[Abbreviations|''AHw'']], II:806; [[Abbreviations|''CAD'']], “N,” 11, part II:355.</ref>
Cf. Old & Late Babylonian ''nušû'', ''nešu'', a plant of some sort ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]).<ref>Von Soden, [[Abbreviations|''AHw'']], II:806; [[Abbreviations|''CAD'']], “N,” 11, part II:355.</ref>


Cf. also Akkadian ''eša'' (A.TIR) as the name of “an unidentified cereal” in cuneiform texts.<ref>Owen & Young, [[Abbreviations|''JCS'']], 23/4 (1971):98, texts 6:4,6 “''eša''-flour”; Rykle Borger, ''Assyrisch-babylonische Zeichenlexikon'', 579 (p. 199),  Alter Orient und Altes Testament 33 (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978). </ref>
Cf. also Akkadian ''eša'' (A.TIR) as the name of “an unidentified cereal” in cuneiform texts.<ref>Owen & Young, [[Abbreviations|''JCS'']], 23/4 (1971):98, texts 6:4,6 “''eša''-flour”; [[Rykle Borger]], ''Assyrisch-babylonische Zeichenlexikon'', 579 (p. 199),  Alter Orient und Altes Testament 33 (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978). </ref>


PYH suggests that it might have been borrowed into Lehite from a native, indigenous vocabel, perhaps along the lines of quinoa, amaranth, jocote (mombin), manioc (cassava),<ref>Manioc was recently discovered at Ceren, El Salvador, to be dated 1400 years ago to the time of a massive volcanic eruption (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070820122541.htm , and www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090616133940.htm ).</ref> chile, or other grains or food plants native to the Americas and unknown to Joseph Smith.
PYH suggests that it might have been borrowed into Lehite from a native, indigenous vocabel, perhaps along the lines of quinoa, amaranth, jocote (mombin), manioc (cassava),<ref>Manioc was recently discovered at Ceren, El Salvador, to be dated 1400 years ago to the time of a massive volcanic eruption (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070820122541.htm , and www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090616133940.htm ).</ref> chile, or other grains or food plants native to the Americas and unknown to Joseph Smith.
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Harrassowitz, 2000.
Harrassowitz, 2000.


Borger, Rykle.  ''Mespotamisches Zeichenlexikon'', [[Abbreviations|AOAT]] 305.  Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2004.
[[Rykle Borger|Borger, Rykle]].  ''Mespotamisches Zeichenlexikon'', [[Abbreviations|AOAT]] 305.  Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2004.


[[Abbreviations|''CAD'']] – ''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'' = ''Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the
[[Abbreviations|''CAD'']] – ''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'' = ''Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the

Revision as of 16:16, 17 June 2014

Lehite noun 1. Food plant listed along with SHEUM and seeds of corn, barley, wheat, and various unspecified fruits (Mosiah 9:9)

Etymology

Perhaps a JAREDITE carryover, like SHEUM, which see. Possibly composed with Old Akkadian ás, “resin, seed, cereal, emmer-wheat,” from Akkadian áš, aś, ás, áz, áṣ (úÁŠ/ZÍZ, ZĪZU II) “resin; emmer-wheat, cereal-food; dry-measure of 3 BAN”[1] – used, for example, in úÁŠ.DUG.GA “opium poppy,” in the name of the Sumerian grain-goddess, Ashnan (M. Civil), asnan,[2] and in A.ŠA, aš-šum “field” (= GÁN).[3]

Cf. Old & Late Babylonian nušû, nešu, a plant of some sort (PYH).[4]

Cf. also Akkadian eša (A.TIR) as the name of “an unidentified cereal” in cuneiform texts.[5]

PYH suggests that it might have been borrowed into Lehite from a native, indigenous vocabel, perhaps along the lines of quinoa, amaranth, jocote (mombin), manioc (cassava),[6] chile, or other grains or food plants native to the Americas and unknown to Joseph Smith.

Benjamin Urrutia suggested nys “anise,” but failed to indicate the source language.[7] However, he may have intended Demotic Зmys “anise; dill”[8] > Copt. emise, amici; Greek anēthon, anison > Latin anisum.[9]

Hugh Nibley long ago argued that “the fact that Nephite weights and measures bear Jaredite names indicates long cultural overlap” with the NEPHITES or people of ZARAHEMLA.[10]

See SHEUM.

Cf. Book of Mormon NEUM

See also Neas Variants

Variants

Neas Variants

Deseret Alphabet: 𐐤𐐀𐐈𐐞 (niːæz)

Notes

  1. ↑ R. Borger, Assyrisch-babylonische Zeichenlexikon, 339 (p. 141), Alter Orient und Altes Testament 33 (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978), noting also that ÁŠ(ZIZ)-AN-NA = kunāšu “emmer”; cf. von Soden, AHw, 506 (cf. also Deimel, ŠL, 339.1,10,22,38; CAD, “A,” I/II:234a).
  2. ↑ Black, George, and Postgate, Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 28; CAD, “A,” I/II:450-452.
  3. ↑ Von Soden, AHw, I:85 mB/mA ašû IV “arable land?”; Ellermeier, Sumerisches Glossar, I/1, Sumerisches Lautwerte, 1:22; 2:607.
  4. ↑ Von Soden, AHw, II:806; CAD, “N,” 11, part II:355.
  5. ↑ Owen & Young, JCS, 23/4 (1971):98, texts 6:4,6 “eša-flour”; Rykle Borger, Assyrisch-babylonische Zeichenlexikon, 579 (p. 199), Alter Orient und Altes Testament 33 (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978).
  6. ↑ Manioc was recently discovered at Ceren, El Salvador, to be dated 1400 years ago to the time of a massive volcanic eruption (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070820122541.htm , and www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090616133940.htm ).
  7. ↑ J. L. Sorenson, 1980 letter.
  8. ↑ Černý, Coptic Etym. 35; Westendorf, KHw, 36.
  9. ↑ Černý, Coptic Etym. 35; Westendorf, KHw, 36.
  10. ↑ Nibley, Lehi in the Desert and the World of the Jaredites (1952) = Collected Works of Hugh Nibley, V (FARMS/Deseret, 1988):246.

Bibliography

Black, J., A. George, and N. Postgate, eds. A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2000.

Borger, Rykle. Mespotamisches Zeichenlexikon, AOAT 305. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2004.

CAD – Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.

Deimel, Anton. Šumerisches Lexikon, 6 vols. Rome: PBI, 1928.

Ellermeier, Friedrich. Sumerisches Glossar, I/1: Sumerische Lautwerte, 1 & 2. Göttingen: F. Ellermeier, 1979-1980.

Nibley, Hugh W. Lehi in the Desert and the World of the Jaredites, 1st ed. (1952) = Collected Works of Hugh Nibley V. Provo: FARMS/SLC: Deseret Book, 1988.

Owen, David I., and Gordon D. Young. “Ur III Texts in the Zion Research Library, Boston,” Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 23/4 (1971):95-115.

von Soden, Wolfram. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch, 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965-1981. AHw

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