ZEEZROM: Difference between revisions

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|City, probably named from No. 1, ca. 65 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/56.14?lang=eng#13 Alma 56:14])
|City, probably named from No. 1, ca. 65 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/56.14?lang=eng#13 Alma 56:14])
|}
|}
'''This entry is not finished'''


'''Etymology'''
'''Etymology'''


Some commentaries have suggested the name of the 3rd Dynasty [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] king, Djoser, written in [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''dsr'' (LID, 30; see also ABM, 234). However, unless the  
'''Z<small>EEZROM</small>''' may be analogous to the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] זה סיני ''zeh Sinai'', "he of Sinai"<ref>Cf. [[Edward Lipiński]], ''Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar'' (Leuven: Peeters, 1997), 326, who observes that ''zeh'' is the oblique form of the archaic nominative ''zu''.</ref> (i.e., God) ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/judg/5.5?lang=eng#4 Judges 5:5]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/68.8?lang=eng#7 Psalm 68:8]) and may have the meaning "he of the [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]]." [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]]/[[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZRUM</small>]] is a [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] term mentioned in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.6,%2012?lang=eng#5 Alma 11:6, 12], and is a unit of silver measure. As a silver measure (which, in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], is ''kesep'', "silver; money"), it may be the equivalent of money as well, indicating the meaning "he of silver, money," and suggesting <b>Z<small>EEZROM</small></b>'s obsession with money or his willingness to resort to bribing [[ALMA|A<small>LMA</small>]] and [[AMULEK|A<small>MULEK</small>]] with money to deny their belief in God ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.22?lang=eng#21 Alma 11:22]).<ref>See, e.g., Andrzej Strus, ''Nomen-omen: la stylistique sonore des noms propres dan le Pentaeuque'' (Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1978).</ref>
double initial vowel in the orthography represents a long vowel and not two separate vowels (as the “Pronouncing Guide” suggests), the connection with [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]]  
''dsr'' seems unlikely.  


More likely is a combination with ''Zeez''- possibly from the PNs Zizah (''zīzāh'', [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/1_chr/23/11#11 1 Chronicles 23:11]) or Ziza ( zīzaʾ, [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/2_chr/11/20#20 2 Chronicles 11:20]), and ''rām'', “exalted.” and -''rom'',  
It is also possible that '''Z<small>EEZROM</small>''' is a combination with ''Zeez''- from the [[Personal Name|PN]]s Zizah (''zīzāh'', [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/23.11?lang=eng#10 1 Chronicles 23:11]) or Ziza (זיזא ''zīza'', [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-chr/11.20?lang=eng#19 2 Chronicles 11:20]), and רם ''rām'', "exalted," or -''rom'', the latter coming from the common Semitic ''rām'', "to raise up, exalt." The common West-Semitic ''zz'', a weight or coin, would make sense, especially if metonymy is involved.<ref>Babylonian-Jewish ''zuz'' = denarius = Attic drachma = Jewish ½ shekel.</ref>
the latter coming from the common Semitic ''rām'', “to raise up, exalt.” The common West-Semitic ''zz'', a weight or coin, would make sense, especially if metonymy is  
involved. Punic ''ṣṣ'' is of uncertain meaning, but could have something to do with birds (DNWS), which would make some sense in this PN. Hebrew ''ṣyṣ'', “blossom, to
bloom,” does not make sense in this PN. Neither does Hebrew ''zyz'', “udder, teat,” make sense.


Possibly Hebrew ''zeh'' and [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]], “this is Ezrom” (JAT, GT). If so read, the seeming digression on [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] coinage (otherwise a great waste of precious space in an
Some commentaries have suggested the name of the 3rd Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] king, Djoser, written ''<u>d</u>sr'' in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] (''[[Hugh W. Nibley, "Lehi in the Desert; The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites." John W. Welch, Darrell L. Matthews, and Stephen R. Callister, eds. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 5. Salt Lake City/Provo: Deseret Book/FARMS, 1988.|LID]]'', 28; see ''Approach to the Book of Mormon'', 231). However, unless the double inital vowel in the orthography represents a long vowel and not two separate vowels (as the "Pronouncing Guide" suggests), the connection with the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''dsr'' seems problematical.
explicit condensation) links directly from [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/11/12#12 Alma 11:12] and the silver coin [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]] to [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/11/21#21 vs. 21] and the person '''ZEEZROM''', and in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/11/22#22 vs. 22] to the offer “Behold, here are six
[[ONTI(ES)|O<small>NTIES</small>]] (= 10.5 [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]]) of silver, and all these will I give thee if thou wilt deny the existence of a Supreme Being.” Z<small>EEZROM</small> becomes linked with those who would sell
their signs and tokens for money on the one hand, and with Judas’s 30 pieces of silver on the other. Viewed in this light, Z<small>EEZROM</small> might mean “the one with money.”
Also internal to the text might be the [[ZORAMITE(S)|Z<small>ORAMITE</small>]] city of pride and wealth, [[ANTIONUM|A<small>NTIONUM</small>]] ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/31/3#3 Alma 31:3ff]). Its name seems to be built upon the most valuable unit of [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]]  
coinage, the gold [[ANTION|A<small>NTION</small>]] ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/11/19#19 Alma 11:19]) (GT).
 
The lengthy digression in the Z<small>EEZROM</small> account, however, may simply have been added for purposes of informing the future reader concerning the monetary matters
to be discussed, in order to stress how much was being offered in the bribe. For the same reason, there is another lengthy digression from the story in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/22/27-35#27 Alma 22:27–35] to discuss the geography of the [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]]/[[LAMANITE(S)|L<small>AMANITE</small>]] lands. This information was evidently placed in the text to impress upon the future reader how much was involved in the sending forth of the proclamation by the king of the [[LAMANITE(S)|L<small>AMANITES</small>]]. And, as in the Z<small>EEZROM</small> story, after the digression, the story begins again by repeating the last sentence of the main story ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/23/1#1 Alma 23:1]). Thomasson’s case for metonymy in the name Z<small>EEZROM</small> is certainly not endangered by this observation. But it would be considerably strengthened were he able to show that a similar reason exists for the digression in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/22 Alma 22] (JAT).


Cf. Book of Mormon [[ZORAM|Z<small>ORAM</small>]], [[SEEZORAM|S<small>EEZORAM</small>]], [[ESROM|E<small>SROM</small>]], [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]]/[[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZRUM</small>]], et al.
Cf. Book of Mormon [[ZORAM|Z<small>ORAM</small>]], [[SEEZORAM|S<small>EEZORAM</small>]], [[ESROM|E<small>SROM</small>]], [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]]/[[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZRUM</small>]], et al.
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'''Variants'''
'''Variants'''


[[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zeezrum]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zeezru()]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zee(z um)]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|(Z)e(ez)rum]]
[[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zeezrum]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zeezru()]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zee(z um)]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|(Z)e(ez)rum]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|(Z  )]]


'''Deseret Alphabet:'''
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐞𐐀𐐇𐐞𐐡𐐊𐐣 (ziːɛzrʌm)


'''Notes'''
'''Notes'''
----
----
<references/>
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Lehite GN]]
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Lehite GN]]
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[ZEDEKIAH|<<]] Zeezrom [[ZEMNARIHAH|>>]] </div>
==[[Name Index]]==
<big>
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt"
|-
|[[A]]
|[[B]]
|[[C]]
|[[D]]
|[[E]]
|<font color="lightgray">F</font>
|[[G]]
|[[H]]
|[[I]]
|[[J]]
|[[K]]
|[[L]]
|[[M]]
|[[N]]
|[[O]]
|[[P]]
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font>
|[[R]]
|[[S]]
|[[T]]
|[[U]]
|<font color="lightgray">V</font>
|<font color="lightgray">W</font>
|<font color="lightgray">X</font>
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font>
|[[Z]]
|}

Latest revision as of 00:38, 25 November 2023

Lehite PN 1. Lawyer and convert from AMMONIHAH, ca. 82 BC (Alma 10:31; 11:21 (x2), 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 38, 46; 12:1, 2, 3, 7, 8; 14:2, 6; 15:3, 5, 11, 12; 31:6, 32; Helaman 5:10, 41)
Lehite GN 2. City, probably named from No. 1, ca. 65 BC (Alma 56:14)

Etymology

ZEEZROM may be analogous to the HEBREW זה סיני zeh Sinai, "he of Sinai"[1] (i.e., God) (Judges 5:5; Psalm 68:8) and may have the meaning "he of the EZROM." EZROM/EZRUM is a NEPHITE term mentioned in Alma 11:6, 12, and is a unit of silver measure. As a silver measure (which, in HEBREW, is kesep, "silver; money"), it may be the equivalent of money as well, indicating the meaning "he of silver, money," and suggesting ZEEZROM's obsession with money or his willingness to resort to bribing ALMA and AMULEK with money to deny their belief in God (Alma 11:22).[2]

It is also possible that ZEEZROM is a combination with Zeez- from the PNs Zizah (zīzāh, 1 Chronicles 23:11) or Ziza (זיזא zīza, 2 Chronicles 11:20), and רם rām, "exalted," or -rom, the latter coming from the common Semitic rām, "to raise up, exalt." The common West-Semitic zz, a weight or coin, would make sense, especially if metonymy is involved.[3]

Some commentaries have suggested the name of the 3rd Dynasty EGYPTIAN king, Djoser, written dsr in EGYPTIAN (LID, 28; see Approach to the Book of Mormon, 231). However, unless the double inital vowel in the orthography represents a long vowel and not two separate vowels (as the "Pronouncing Guide" suggests), the connection with the EGYPTIAN dsr seems problematical.

Cf. Book of Mormon ZORAM, SEEZORAM, ESROM, EZROM/EZRUM, et al.

See also Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants

Variants

Zeezrum, Zeezru(), Zee(z um), (Z)e(ez)rum, (Z )

Deseret Alphabet: 𐐞𐐀𐐇𐐞𐐡𐐊𐐣 (ziːɛzrʌm)

Notes

  1. ↑ Cf. Edward Lipiński, Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar (Leuven: Peeters, 1997), 326, who observes that zeh is the oblique form of the archaic nominative zu.
  2. ↑ See, e.g., Andrzej Strus, Nomen-omen: la stylistique sonore des noms propres dan le Pentaeuque (Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1978).
  3. ↑ Babylonian-Jewish zuz = denarius = Attic drachma = Jewish ½ shekel.
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