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| |'''[[:Category:Biblical PN|Biblical PN]]''' | | |'''[[:Category:Biblical PN|Biblical PN]]''' |
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| |Great priest-king of biblical [[SALEM|S<small>ALEM</small>]] to whom [[ABRAHAM|A<small>BRAHAM</small>]] paid tithes ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/13/14-19#14 Alma 13:14-19]; cf. [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/84/14#14 D&C 84:14], [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/107/2-4#2 107:2-4]). P ms M<small>ELCHEZIDEK</small>; 1830 M<small>ELCHIZEDEK</small> (preferred by R. Skousen).<ref>Skousen, ''ATV'' 3:1892-1893; cf. FARMS’ Book of Mormon Critical Text, 2nd ed., II:605-606.</ref> | | |Biblical king ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/13.14,%2015,%2017,%2018?lang=eng#13 Alma 13:14, 15, 17, 18]) |
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| Old Testament KJV '''MELCHIZEDEK''' = New Testament KJV Melchisedec. Hebrew ''malkî-ṣedeq melek šālēm'', ''kohēn le’ēl ‘elîyôn'' “Melchi-Zedek, king of [[SALEM|S<small>ALEM</small>]], priest of the Most High God.” ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/gen/14/18#18 Genesis 14:18]); ''malkî-ṣedeq'', ''kohēn le‘olām'' “Melchi-Zedek, a priest forever” ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/ps/110/4#4 Psalm 110:4]) = Greek ''su hiereus eis ton aiōna . . . melchisedek'' ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/heb/5/6#6 Hebrews 5:6]; [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/heb/7/17#17 7:17]); ''archiereus . . . ton aiōna'' (6:20). Hebrew ''malkî-ṣedeq'' means “King of Righteousness.” See also [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/13/14-19#14 Alma 13:14-19], where there is a suggestion that M<small>ELCHIZEDEK</small> was co-regent with his father, and that “he did establish peace (''šālôm'') in the land in his days; therefore he was called the Prince of Peace [''šar-šālôm''],<ref>Cf. [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/isa/9/6#6 Isaiah 9:6] [LXX MT 9:5] ‖[http://scriptures.lds.org/en/2_ne/19/6#6 2 Nephi 19:6].</ref> for he was the King of [[SALEM|S<small>ALEM</small>]] [''melek šālēm''].” ''Mlky ṣdq'' also occurs in 4Q280 frag. 1, and 4Q‘Amram (“Vision of Amram”), where his opposite is ''mlky rš‘'' “King of Iniquity” = Belial in 11QMelch; cf. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, I, 10, 2 (_180); II Enoch 71-72; M<small>ELCHIZEDEK</small> (Nag Hammadi Codex IX, 1) 1:1, 12:10, 15:9, in Sa‘idic Coptic, but translated from a no-longer extant Greek version.
| | '''MELCHIZEDEK''' is a king of [[SALEM|S<small>ALEM</small>]] mentioned five times in Alma 13 but is not otherwise mentioned as a separate figure in the Book of Mormon. |
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| This name (throne name?) or title is very close in structure and meaning to the Hebrew transliteration ''sargôn melek ‘aššur'' “Sargon, King of Assyria” ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/isa/20/1#1 Isaiah 20:1]) = Akkadian ''šarrum-ken'', ''šarru-ukin'' “Legitimized King.” Note also the similar name structure for Adoni-Zedek “(My)-Lord-is-Justice; (My)-God-is-Righteousness,” an Amorite king of [[JERUSALEM|J<small>ERUSALEM</small>]] ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/josh/10/1,3#1 Joshua 10:1, 3]). So common is the epithet that even Hammurabi terms himself “King of Justice” (Codex Hammurabi xlix, 17).<ref>Indeed, even Hindu Yudhishthira - as son and avatar of his father, the god Dharma - was known as Dharma-raja, “King of Righteousness.” Moreover, though he was of the Kshatriya-warrior caste, his virtues were those of Brahman-priest (Mahabharata 12.55.5-9). Alma Gygi equated M<small>ELCHIZEDEK</small> with [[SHEM|S<small>HEM</small>]] in Ensign, 3/11 (Nov 1973): 15-16, citing especially Times and Seasons, VI:746 (“Shem, who was Melchizedek”), Joseph F. Smith, Gospel Doctrine (SLC: Deseret Book, 1919), 474, and L. Ginzburg, Legends of the Jews, 7 vols. (Philadelphia, 1909-1913, 1938), 233 (online at Philologos); for the same [[SHEM|S<small>HEM</small>]]-M<small>ELCHIZEDEK</small> tradition, see Michael Astour, “Melchizedek (Person),” in D. Freedman, ed., ABD, IV:686, citing Babylonian Talmud (Nedarim 32b) as well as the Jewish Aramaic targums (Targums Neofiti and Pseudo-Jonathan); see the thorough discussion and bibliography in J. W. Welch, “The Melchizedek Material in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/13/13-19#13 Alma 13:13-19],” in J. Lundquist & [[Stephen D. Ricks|S. Ricks]], eds., By Study and Also By Faith: Essays in
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| Honor of Hugh W. Nibley, 2 vols. (Provo: FARMS/SLC: Deseret Book, 1990), II:238-272. See also the Lectures on Faith. </ref>
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| Cf. the [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] transliteration ''M3k3m'' for Akkadian Malki-ilum in the Execration Texts.<ref>Ächtungstexte/Execration Texts, cited by Albright, VESO, _13, p. 7.</ref>
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| See [[MELEK|M<small>ELEK</small>]], [[MULEK|M<small>ULEK</small>]], [[MULOKI|M<small>ULOKI</small>]]. | | See [[MELEK|M<small>ELEK</small>]], [[MULEK|M<small>ULEK</small>]], [[MULOKI|M<small>ULOKI</small>]]. |
