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<pre>ZEEZROM
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''
|1.
|Lawyer and convert from [[AMMONIHAH|A<small>MMONIHAH</small>]], ca. 82 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/10.31?lang=eng#30 Alma 10:31]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.21,%2022,%2026,%2028,%2030,%2032,%2034,%2035,%2038,%2046?lang=eng#20 11:21 (x2), 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 38, 46]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/12.1,%202,%203,%207,%208?lang=eng#primary 12:1, 2, 3, 7, 8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/14.2,%206?lang=eng#1 14:2, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/15.3,%205,%2011,%2012?lang=eng#2 15:3, 5, 11, 12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31.6,%2032?lang=eng#5 31:6, 32]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/5.10,%2041?lang=eng#9 Helaman 5:10, 41])
|-
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''
|2.
|City, probably named from No. 1, ca. 65 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/56.14?lang=eng#13 Alma 56:14])
|}


Lehite PN 1. Lawyer and convert from Ammonihah, ca. 82 BC (Alma 10:31; Helaman 5:41)
'''Etymology'''
2. City, probably named from No. 1, ca. 65 BC (Alma 56:14)


Some commentaries have suggested the name of the 3rd Dynasty Egyptian king, Djoser, written in Egyptian dsr (LID, 30; see also ABM, 234). However, unless the  
'''Z<small>EEZROM</small>''' may be analogous to the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] זה סיני ''zeh Sinai'', "he of Sinai"<ref>Cf. [[Edward Lipiński]], ''Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar'' (Leuven: Peeters, 1997), 326, who observes that ''zeh'' is the oblique form of the archaic nominative ''zu''.</ref> (i.e., God) ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/judg/5.5?lang=eng#4 Judges 5:5]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/68.8?lang=eng#7 Psalm 68:8]) and may have the meaning "he of the [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]]." [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]]/[[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZRUM</small>]] is a [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] term mentioned in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.6,%2012?lang=eng#5 Alma 11:6, 12], and is a unit of silver measure. As a silver measure (which, in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], is ''kesep'', "silver; money"), it may be the equivalent of money as well, indicating the meaning "he of silver, money," and suggesting <b>Z<small>EEZROM</small></b>'s obsession with money or his willingness to resort to bribing [[ALMA|A<small>LMA</small>]] and [[AMULEK|A<small>MULEK</small>]] with money to deny their belief in God ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.22?lang=eng#21 Alma 11:22]).<ref>See, e.g., Andrzej Strus, ''Nomen-omen: la stylistique sonore des noms propres dan le Pentaeuque'' (Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1978).</ref>
double initial vowel in the orthography represents a long vowel and not two separate vowels (as the “Pronouncing Guide” suggests), the connection with Egyptian
dsr seems unlikely.  


More likely is a combination with Zeez- possibly from the PNs Zizah ( zīzāh, 1 Chronicles 23:11) or Ziza ( zīzaʾ, 2 Chronicles 11:20), and rām, “exalted.” and -rom,  
It is also possible that '''Z<small>EEZROM</small>''' is a combination with ''Zeez''- from the [[Personal Name|PN]]s Zizah (''zīzāh'', [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/23.11?lang=eng#10 1 Chronicles 23:11]) or Ziza (זיזא ''zīza'', [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-chr/11.20?lang=eng#19 2 Chronicles 11:20]), and רם ''rām'', "exalted," or -''rom'', the latter coming from the common Semitic ''rām'', "to raise up, exalt." The common West-Semitic ''zz'', a weight or coin, would make sense, especially if metonymy is involved.<ref>Babylonian-Jewish ''zuz'' = denarius = Attic drachma = Jewish ½ shekel.</ref>
the latter coming from the common Semitic rām, “to raise up, exalt.” The common West-Semitic zz, a weight or coin, would make sense, especially if metonymy is  
involved. Punic ṣṣ is of uncertain meaning, but could have something to do with birds (DNWS), which would make some sense in this PN. Hebrew ṣyṣ, “blossom, to
bloom,” does not make sense in this PN. Neither does Hebrew zyz, “udder, teat,” make sense.


Possibly Hebrew zeh and Ezrom, “this is Ezrom” (JAT, GT). If so read, the seeming digression on Nephite coinage (otherwise a great waste of precious space in an
Some commentaries have suggested the name of the 3rd Dynasty [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] king, Djoser, written ''<u>d</u>sr'' in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] (''[[Hugh W. Nibley, "Lehi in the Desert; The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites." John W. Welch, Darrell L. Matthews, and Stephen R. Callister, eds. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 5. Salt Lake City/Provo: Deseret Book/FARMS, 1988.|LID]]'', 28; see ''Approach to the Book of Mormon'', 231). However, unless the double inital vowel in the orthography represents a long vowel and not two separate vowels (as the "Pronouncing Guide" suggests), the connection with the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''dsr'' seems problematical.
explicit condensation) links directly from Alma 11:12 and the silver coin Ezrom to vs. 21 and the person Zeezrom, and in vs. 22 to the offer “Behold, here are six
Onties (= 10.5 Ezrom) of silver, and all these will I give thee if thou wilt deny the existence of a Supreme Being.” Zeezrom becomes linked with those who would sell
their signs and tokens for money on the one hand, and with Judas’s 30 pieces of silver on the other. Viewed in this light, Zeezrom might mean “the one with money.”
Also internal to the text might be the Zoramite city of pride and wealth, Antionum (Alma 31:3ff). Its name seems to be built upon the most valuable unit of Nephite
coinage, the gold Antion (Alma 11:19) (GT).


The lengthy digression in the Zeezrom account, however, may simply have been added for purposes of informing the future reader concerning the monetary matters
Cf. Book of Mormon [[ZORAM|Z<small>ORAM</small>]], [[SEEZORAM|S<small>EEZORAM</small>]], [[ESROM|E<small>SROM</small>]], [[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZROM</small>]]/[[EZROM/EZRUM|E<small>ZRUM</small>]], et al.
to be discussed, in order to stress how much was being offered in the bribe. For the same reason, there is another lengthy digression from the story in Alma 22:27–35
to discuss the geography of the Nephite/Lamanite lands. This information was evidently placed in the text to impress upon the future reader how much was involved
in the sending forth of the proclamation by the king of the Lamanites. And, as in the Zeezrom story, after the digression, the story begins again by repeating the last
sentence of the main story (Alma 23:1). Thomasson’s case for metonymy in the name Zeezrom is certainly not endangered by this observation. But it would be
considerably strengthened were he able to show that a similar reason exists for the digression in Alma 22 (JAT).


Cf. Book of Mormon Zoram, Ceezoram, Seezoram, Esrom, Ezrom, et al.
See also [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants]]
</pre>
 
'''Variants'''
 
[[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zeezrum]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zeezru()]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|Zee(z um)]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|(Z)e(ez)rum]], [[Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants|(Z  )]]
 
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐞𐐀𐐇𐐞𐐡𐐊𐐣 (ziːɛzrʌm)
 
'''Notes'''
----
<references/>
 
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Lehite GN]]
 
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[ZEDEKIAH|<<]] Zeezrom [[ZEMNARIHAH|>>]] </div>
 
==[[Name Index]]==
<big>
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt"
|-
|[[A]]
|[[B]]
|[[C]]
|[[D]]
|[[E]]
|<font color="lightgray">F</font>
|[[G]]
|[[H]]
|[[I]]
|[[J]]
|[[K]]
|[[L]]
|[[M]]
|[[N]]
|[[O]]
|[[P]]
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font>
|[[R]]
|[[S]]
|[[T]]
|[[U]]
|<font color="lightgray">V</font>
|<font color="lightgray">W</font>
|<font color="lightgray">X</font>
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font>
|[[Z]]
|}

Latest revision as of 00:38, 25 November 2023

Lehite PN 1. Lawyer and convert from AMMONIHAH, ca. 82 BC (Alma 10:31; 11:21 (x2), 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 38, 46; 12:1, 2, 3, 7, 8; 14:2, 6; 15:3, 5, 11, 12; 31:6, 32; Helaman 5:10, 41)
Lehite GN 2. City, probably named from No. 1, ca. 65 BC (Alma 56:14)

Etymology

ZEEZROM may be analogous to the HEBREW זה סיני zeh Sinai, "he of Sinai"[1] (i.e., God) (Judges 5:5; Psalm 68:8) and may have the meaning "he of the EZROM." EZROM/EZRUM is a NEPHITE term mentioned in Alma 11:6, 12, and is a unit of silver measure. As a silver measure (which, in HEBREW, is kesep, "silver; money"), it may be the equivalent of money as well, indicating the meaning "he of silver, money," and suggesting ZEEZROM's obsession with money or his willingness to resort to bribing ALMA and AMULEK with money to deny their belief in God (Alma 11:22).[2]

It is also possible that ZEEZROM is a combination with Zeez- from the PNs Zizah (zīzāh, 1 Chronicles 23:11) or Ziza (זיזא zīza, 2 Chronicles 11:20), and רם rām, "exalted," or -rom, the latter coming from the common Semitic rām, "to raise up, exalt." The common West-Semitic zz, a weight or coin, would make sense, especially if metonymy is involved.[3]

Some commentaries have suggested the name of the 3rd Dynasty EGYPTIAN king, Djoser, written dsr in EGYPTIAN (LID, 28; see Approach to the Book of Mormon, 231). However, unless the double inital vowel in the orthography represents a long vowel and not two separate vowels (as the "Pronouncing Guide" suggests), the connection with the EGYPTIAN dsr seems problematical.

Cf. Book of Mormon ZORAM, SEEZORAM, ESROM, EZROM/EZRUM, et al.

See also Zeezrom / Zeezrum Variants

Variants

Zeezrum, Zeezru(), Zee(z um), (Z)e(ez)rum, (Z )

Deseret Alphabet: 𐐞𐐀𐐇𐐞𐐡𐐊𐐣 (ziːɛzrʌm)

Notes

  1. ↑ Cf. Edward Lipiński, Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar (Leuven: Peeters, 1997), 326, who observes that zeh is the oblique form of the archaic nominative zu.
  2. ↑ See, e.g., Andrzej Strus, Nomen-omen: la stylistique sonore des noms propres dan le Pentaeuque (Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1978).
  3. ↑ Babylonian-Jewish zuz = denarius = Attic drachma = Jewish ½ shekel.
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