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|Lehite noun
|'''[[:Category:Lehite noun|Lehite noun]]'''
|Gold currency, ca. 82 BC (Alma 11:3; 3 Nephi 12:26)
|1.
|Gold currency, ca. 82 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.3,%205,%207,%208?lang=eng#2 Alma 11:3 (x2), 5, 7, 8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/30.33?lang=eng#32 30:33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/12.26?lang=eng#25 3 Nephi 12:26 (x2)])
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'''Etymology'''


No etymology is persuasive.  
No etymology is persuasive.  


The most likely candidate is the Egyptian term ''sniw'' (JG) a unit of currency which during the New Kingdom in Egypt was worth about 5 deben.<ref>Janssen, ''Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period'', 102-8.</ref> There are two problems with this candidate. The first is that attestation after the New Kingdom is wanting. The second is that it needs another ''n''. There is one instance of a spelling ''snny'',<ref>Janssen, ''Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period'', 103.</ref> but one would like more examples to show that this one writing is not simply a scribal error.
The most likely candidate is the [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] term ''sniw'' ([[John Gee|JG]]) a unit of silver currency during the New Kingdom in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]].<ref>It was worth about 5 ''diban'';  Janssen, Jack J. ''Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes.'' (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.),  102-8.</ref> There are two challenges with this candidate. The first is that attestation after the New Kingdom is wanting. The second is that it needs another ''n''. There is one instance of a spelling ''snny'',<ref>Janssen, Jack J. ''Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes.'' (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.), 103.</ref> but one would like more examples to show that this one writing is not simply a scribal error.


Another possible Egyptian etymology is ''snn'', "likeness, image,"<ref>''Wb''. 3:460</ref> though this is normally used of statues. The word becomes rare after Late Egyptian, though it is attested through the Roman period.
Another possible [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] etymology is ''snn'', "likeness, image,"<ref>[[Adolf Erman, and Hermann Grapow, Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache. 5 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931.|''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'']], 460.</ref> though this is normally used of statues. The word becomes rare after Late [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]], though it is attested through the Roman period (as ''snnw3'').<ref>Richard Jasnow and Karl-Th. Zauzich, ''The Ancient Egyptian Book of Thoth.'' vol. 1 (Weisbaden: Harrassowtiz Verlag, 2005.) 107, 240-41.</ref>


A Hebrew root such as ''snn'' or ''śnn'' would be ideal. The closest proposed root is ''ṣll'', “to lift up, exalt, raise, gather, cast up (into a heap)” or ''ṣlh'', “to lift up, suspend (a balance), weigh.”  See also the more likely post biblical Hebrew ''ṣnh'' (=Arabic ''ṣny''), “to lift up, elevate” (JAT), though we have not been able to find this root (PYH, JG).
A [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] root such as ''snn'' or ''śnn'' would be ideal. The closest proposed root is ''ṣll'', “to lift up, exalt, raise, gather, cast up (into a heap)” or ''ṣlh'', “to lift up, suspend (a balance), weigh.” This is a distant possibility. The only way that this proposal would work would be if Reformed [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] followed earlier [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] transcription systems where Semitic ''l'' was expressed as [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''n''. See also the more likely post biblical [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''ṣnh'' (=Arabic ''ṣny''), “to lift up, elevate” ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), though we have not been able to find this root ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]], [[John Gee|JG]]).<ref>However, Jewish Baylonian Aramaic does have צנא ''ṣannaʹ''  “basket measure of 3 seahs” -- M. Sokoloff, ''Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic'' (Bar Ilan/ Johns Hopkins, 2002), 967-968.</ref>


A possible, but unlikely, candidate for the origin of Senine is Egyptian ''snw'', a kind of jar (JAT), though the unit of measure, volume, is not the same as the Book of Mormon unit of measure, mass. The Egyptian word ''snw'' also needs another ''n''.
A possible, but unlikely, candidate for the origin of '''S<small>ENINE</small>''' is [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''snw'', a kind of jar ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), though the unit of measure, volume, is not the same as the Book of Mormon unit of measure, mass. The [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] word ''snw'' also needs another ''n''.


Cf. Book of Mormon [[SENUM(S)]], [[SEON]].
Cf. Book of Mormon [[SENUM(S)|S<small>ENUM(S)</small>]], [[SEON|S<small>EON</small>]].


See also [[Senine Variants]]
See also [[Senine Variants]]
<div style="text-align: right;">[[John Gee|JG]]</div>
'''Variants'''
[[Senine Variants|senire]], [[Senine Variants|Senine]]


<div style="text-align: right;"> JG </div>
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐝𐐀𐐤𐐌𐐤 (siːnaɪn)
==Notes==
 
'''Notes'''
----
<references/>
<references/>
==Bibliography==
 
* Adolf Erman and Hermann Grapow, ''Worterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache''. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931. Wb.
'''Bibliography'''
----
* Adolf Erman and Hermann Grapow, ''Worterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache''. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931. [[Adolf Erman, and Hermann Grapow, Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache. 5 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931.|''Wb'']].
* Jac. J. Janssen, ''Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes''. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.
* Jac. J. Janssen, ''Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes''. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.
* Richard Jasnow and Karl-Th. Zauzich, ''The Ancient Egyptian Book of Thoth''. Weisbaden: Harrassowtiz Verlag, 2005.


[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite noun]]


[[Category:Names]]
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[SEEZORAM|<<]] Senine [[SENUM(S)|>>]] </div>
 
==[[Name Index]]==
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Latest revision as of 19:30, 30 October 2023

Lehite noun 1. Gold currency, ca. 82 BC (Alma 11:3 (x2), 5, 7, 8; 30:33; 3 Nephi 12:26 (x2))

Etymology

No etymology is persuasive.

The most likely candidate is the EGYPTIAN term sniw (JG) a unit of silver currency during the New Kingdom in EGYPT.[1] There are two challenges with this candidate. The first is that attestation after the New Kingdom is wanting. The second is that it needs another n. There is one instance of a spelling snny,[2] but one would like more examples to show that this one writing is not simply a scribal error.

Another possible EGYPTIAN etymology is snn, "likeness, image,"[3] though this is normally used of statues. The word becomes rare after Late EGYPTIAN, though it is attested through the Roman period (as snnw3).[4]

A HEBREW root such as snn or śnn would be ideal. The closest proposed root is ṣll, “to lift up, exalt, raise, gather, cast up (into a heap)” or ṣlh, “to lift up, suspend (a balance), weigh.” This is a distant possibility. The only way that this proposal would work would be if Reformed EGYPTIAN followed earlier EGYPTIAN transcription systems where Semitic l was expressed as EGYPTIAN n. See also the more likely post biblical HEBREW ṣnh (=Arabic ṣny), “to lift up, elevate” (JAT), though we have not been able to find this root (PYH, JG).[5]

A possible, but unlikely, candidate for the origin of SENINE is EGYPTIAN snw, a kind of jar (JAT), though the unit of measure, volume, is not the same as the Book of Mormon unit of measure, mass. The EGYPTIAN word snw also needs another n.

Cf. Book of Mormon SENUM(S), SEON.

See also Senine Variants

Variants

senire, Senine

Deseret Alphabet: 𐐝𐐀𐐤𐐌𐐤 (siːnaɪn)

Notes

  1. ↑ It was worth about 5 diban; Janssen, Jack J. Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.), 102-8.
  2. ↑ Janssen, Jack J. Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.), 103.
  3. ↑ Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, 460.
  4. ↑ Richard Jasnow and Karl-Th. Zauzich, The Ancient Egyptian Book of Thoth. vol. 1 (Weisbaden: Harrassowtiz Verlag, 2005.) 107, 240-41.
  5. ↑ However, Jewish Baylonian Aramaic does have צנא ṣannaʹ “basket measure of 3 seahs” -- M. Sokoloff, Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (Bar Ilan/ Johns Hopkins, 2002), 967-968.

Bibliography

  • Adolf Erman and Hermann Grapow, Worterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931. Wb.
  • Jac. J. Janssen, Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period: An Economic Study of the Village of Necropolis Workmen at Thebes. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975.
  • Richard Jasnow and Karl-Th. Zauzich, The Ancient Egyptian Book of Thoth. Weisbaden: Harrassowtiz Verlag, 2005.
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Name Index

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