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|Lehite PN
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''
|1.
|1.
|Shipbuilder near the lands Bountiful and Desolation who launched the ships at the west side of the narrow neck of land ca. 55 BC ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/63/5#5 Alma 63:5])
|[[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] who built and sailed ships to the "west sea" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/63.5?lang=eng#4 Alma 63:5])
|}
|}


There are several biblical PNs which resemble Hagoth, all derived from ḫgg, “to celebrate, sacrifice,” and ḫg, “festival, holiday” (cp. Arabic ḫajj, “pilgrimage [to Mecca]”).
'''Etymology'''
Related biblical PNs include Haggai (the prophet whose name means “born on the feast-day” [Noth 222]), Haggi (a son of Gad and father of the Haggites), Haggiah
(a Levite), and Haggith (one of David’s wives). It would be easy to see in Hagoth a plural or preferably an abstract of ḫg, namely “festival,” yielding a hypocoristic name
such as “[God is the] festival,” or “[the one of the] festival.”


The particular form of this name may be derived from the root ḫg and the common Semitic abstract marker -ūt. This affix normally is pronounced ut in Hebrew, but in a
The Lehite [[Personal Name|PN]] '''H<small>AGOTH</small>''' may plausibly derive from the Hebrew הגה ''hāgâ'' “he mused, devised; meditated” ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/1.2?lang=eng#1 Psalms 1:2], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/2.1?lang=eng#1 2:1], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/38.12?lang=eng#1 38:12], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/63.6?lang=eng#1 63:6], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/77.12?lang=eng#1 77:12], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/143.5?lang=eng#1 143:5], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/josh/1.8?lang=eng#7 Joshua 1:8]), and הגות ''hāgût'' “musing, meditation” in [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/49.3?lang=eng#2 Psalm 49:3] (verse 4 in Hebrew) – in either the intensive plural הגות ''hagôt'' “devisings,” or abstract “curious, skillful,” i.e., with either an abstract nominal termination in -''ôt'', -''ût'' typical of biblical Hebrew, Arabic, East Semitic, and Egyptian,<ref>Joüon & Muraoka, ''A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew'', 2nd ed., with corr., §§88Mj,k, 136f; Lipiński, ''Semitic Languages'', §§ 29.46 Egyptian ''iЗwt'' “old age,” 29.47 Hebrew ''ḥokmōt'' “wisdom,” 30.3 ''malkūt'' “kingship,” 31.16 Assyro-Babylonian ''šarrūtu'' “kingship”; Hebrew ''niplĕʼôt'' “wonders, wonderful things,” Williamson, ''Annotated Key'', 175 (Exodus 3:20); ''hammōṣĕʼôt'' “all the things which had befallen (them)” ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/josh/2.23?lang=eng#22 Joshua 2:23]), cited in Williamson, ''Annotated Key'', 183, re Lambdin, ''Introduction to Biblical Hebrew'', lesson 41, exercise (a) note 2; Joel Burnett, ''A Reassessment of Biblical Elohim'' (Atlanta: SBL, 2001); A. Cowley & E. Kautzsch, ''Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar'', 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1910), § 145 h-o; the last two sources cited by Ryan C. Davies and Paul Y. Hoskisson, “Usage of the Title elohim in the Hebrew Bible and Early Latter-day Saints,” in A. Skinner, M. Davis, and C. Griffin, eds., ''Bountiful Harvest: Essays in Honor of S. Kent Brown'' (Provo: Maxwell Institute/BYU, 2011), 113-135.</ref> or as an intensive plural.<ref>Cf. [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] “Bible Dictionary,” 620, at “[https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bd/behemoth?lang=eng&letter=b Behemoth].”</ref> The ''-ôt'' ending is used, in any case, as a termination for both feminine and masculine nouns.<ref>Joüon & Muraoka, ''A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew'', 2nd ed., with corr., §90d.</ref> Although the –''ot(h)'' ending looks like the feminine plural noun ending, this ending is also used in men’s names, cf. Lapidoth ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/judg/4.4?lang=eng#4 Judges 4:4]); Naboth ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-kgs/21.1%2003%2008%2009?lang=eng#1 1 Kings 21:1, 3, 8, 9], and passim); and Meraioth ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/7.3?lang=eng Ezra 7:3], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.11?lang=engNehemiah#11 11:11]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/12.15?lang=eng#15 12:15]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/6.5,%207,%2052?lang=eng#5 1 Chronicles 6:5, 7, 52]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/9.11?lang=eng#11 9:11]), as well as the ending the Book of Mormon PN Hagoth ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/63.5?lang=eng#5 Alma 63:5]). Further, from the same root compare “meditation” in [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.14?lang=eng#13 Psalm 19:14] (verse 15 in Hebrew) and the technical term Higgaion in [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/9.16?lang=eng#15 Psalm 9:16] (verse 17 in Hebrew), possibly a musical directive.
few instances seems to have shifted in sound to an ot, e.g., twmkj (Gesenius 86l and 97t,u). The t in Hebrew currently (not biblically?) has two pronunciations, t and th,  
the latter representing the aspirated t. The context of the single Hebrew consonant represented by t and th, t, determines which pronunciation is required.  


There is in Deuteronomy or Judges a masculine name that ends in ot. Find it and add it to this list. FOUND: [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/judg/4/4#4 Judges 4:4], Lapidoth, husband of Deborah.
'''H<small>AGOTH</small>''' is said to be “an exceedingly curious man,” where ''curious'' probably does not mean ''inquisitive'', but rather “careful; studious, attentive” ([[J. A. Simpson, The Oxford English dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon press, 1989.|''OED'']]),<ref>See also Noah Webster, ''An American Dictionary of the English Language'', 2 vols., 1st ed. (N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828), meaning #7, “wrought with care and art; elegant; neat; finished; as a curious girdle; curious work,” citing [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/28.8,27?lang=eng#7 Exodus 28:8,27], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/35.32?lang=eng#31 35:32] (''maḥašābōt''), meaning #8, “Requiring care and nicety; as curious arts,” citing [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/acts/19.19?lang=eng#18 Acts 19:19] (''perierga'' “magic”), online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .</ref> and “skillful; erudite; careful, diligent” (Chaucer),<ref>F. N. Robinson, ed., ''The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer'', 2nd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), 942.;
The ending -oth looks like the Hebrew f.p., but it also appears on masculine PNs, e.g., Naboth in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/1_kgs/21 1 Kings 21] passim and Meraioth in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/ezra/7/3#3 Ezra 7:3].


Beginning Hebrew students are always puzzled by the fact that some obviously masculine nouns take the so-called “feminine” ending, ōt, in the plural. For example, the
Webster, Noah. ''An American Dictionary of the English Language'', 2 vols., 1st ed. N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828. Online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .</ref> which fits well with the Hebrew root הגה ''hāgâ''.
plural of “father” in Hebrew does not take the expected masculine form *ʾabbīm, but the unexpected ʾabbōt. Suffice it to say that because of such examples there is still
much discussion on the origin of the Semitic masculine and feminine plurals, especially whether or not they originally had anything to do with gender.


A second, less likely possible etymology would derive Hagoth from ḥgh, * “take asylum or refuge,” as in the noun form ḥgīm, “clefts of the rocks, places of refuge” ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/isa/2/21#21 Isaiah 2:21]; [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/song/2/14#14 The Song of Solomon 2:14]; [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/obad/1/3 Obadiah 1:3]; [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/jer/49/16#16 Jeremiah 49:16]). This, however, is less likely because the plural form takes the ending -īm, not the -oth of the Book of
Another possible Hebrew etymology for '''H<small>AGOTH</small>''' is a form of חגג ''ḥgg'', with its meanings of ''festival'', or pilgrimage in Arabic, ''ḥajj''; ''feast'' in Old South Arabic, ''ḥg, ḥgt''. The biblical masculine [[Personal Name|PN]] Haggai and the feminine Haggith derive from this root. Therefore, a hypothetical Hebrew word from this root, ''*ḥagôt'', with the abstract ending –''ôt'', could mean “jubilation, joy; pilgrimage.” The Hebrew word is also cognate with ancient Egyptian ''ḥЗg'' “be glad,” and the reduplicated Hebrew חגג ''ḥāgag'' “celebrate, dance,” with Egyptian ''ḥЗgЗg'' “rejoice.”
Mormon name. Therefore, it is doubtful that Hagoth comes from this root, although it provides a nice hypocoristic name meaning “[God is] refuge.”  


See also Egyptian ḥgwt. *(who?)
'''Variants'''


[[Category:Names]][[Category:Biblical Names]]
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐐𐐁𐐘𐐉𐐛 (heɪɡɒθ)
 
'''Notes'''
----
<references/>
 
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]]
 
----
'''Bibliography'''
 
Belnap, Dan. “‘Wicked Traditions’ and ‘Cunning Arts’: Wise Men, Sorcery, and Metalwork in Nephite Society,” in D. Parry, G. Strathearn, and S. Hopkin, eds., ''“Seek Ye Words of Wisdom”: Studies of the Book of Mormon, Bible, and Temple in Honor of Stephen D. Ricks'' (Provo: BYU Religious Education/ Interpreter Foundation, 2020), 1-28, online at  https://www.academia.edu/40780974/Wicked_Traditions_and_Cunning_Arts_Wise_Men_Sorcery_and_Metalwork_in_Nephite_Society?email_work_card=view-paper .
 
Joüon, P., and  T. Muraoka. ''A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew'', 2nd ed., with corr.  Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press, 2011.
 
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[GOMORRAH|<<]] Hagoth [[HAMATH|>>]] </div>
 
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Latest revision as of 23:15, 13 July 2023

Lehite PN 1. NEPHITE who built and sailed ships to the "west sea" (Alma 63:5)

Etymology

The Lehite PN HAGOTH may plausibly derive from the Hebrew הגה hāgâ “he mused, devised; meditated” (Psalms 1:2, 2:1, 38:12, 63:6, 77:12, 143:5, Joshua 1:8), and הגות hāgût “musing, meditation” in Psalm 49:3 (verse 4 in Hebrew) – in either the intensive plural הגות hagôt “devisings,” or abstract “curious, skillful,” i.e., with either an abstract nominal termination in -ôt, -ût typical of biblical Hebrew, Arabic, East Semitic, and Egyptian,[1] or as an intensive plural.[2] The -ôt ending is used, in any case, as a termination for both feminine and masculine nouns.[3] Although the –ot(h) ending looks like the feminine plural noun ending, this ending is also used in men’s names, cf. Lapidoth (Judges 4:4); Naboth (1 Kings 21:1, 3, 8, 9, and passim); and Meraioth (Ezra 7:3, 11:11; 12:15; 1 Chronicles 6:5, 7, 52; 9:11), as well as the ending the Book of Mormon PN Hagoth (Alma 63:5). Further, from the same root compare “meditation” in Psalm 19:14 (verse 15 in Hebrew) and the technical term Higgaion in Psalm 9:16 (verse 17 in Hebrew), possibly a musical directive.

HAGOTH is said to be “an exceedingly curious man,” where curious probably does not mean inquisitive, but rather “careful; studious, attentive” (OED),[4] and “skillful; erudite; careful, diligent” (Chaucer),[5] which fits well with the Hebrew root הגה hāgâ.

Another possible Hebrew etymology for HAGOTH is a form of חגג ḥgg, with its meanings of festival, or pilgrimage in Arabic, ḥajj; feast in Old South Arabic, ḥg, ḥgt. The biblical masculine PN Haggai and the feminine Haggith derive from this root. Therefore, a hypothetical Hebrew word from this root, *ḥagôt, with the abstract ending –ôt, could mean “jubilation, joy; pilgrimage.” The Hebrew word is also cognate with ancient Egyptian ḥЗg “be glad,” and the reduplicated Hebrew חגג ḥāgag “celebrate, dance,” with Egyptian ḥЗgЗg “rejoice.”

Variants

Deseret Alphabet: 𐐐𐐁𐐘𐐉𐐛 (heɪɡɒθ)

Notes

  1. ↑ Joüon & Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 2nd ed., with corr., §§88Mj,k, 136f; Lipiński, Semitic Languages, §§ 29.46 Egyptian iЗwt “old age,” 29.47 Hebrew ḥokmōt “wisdom,” 30.3 malkūt “kingship,” 31.16 Assyro-Babylonian šarrūtu “kingship”; Hebrew niplĕʼôt “wonders, wonderful things,” Williamson, Annotated Key, 175 (Exodus 3:20); hammōṣĕʼôt “all the things which had befallen (them)” (Joshua 2:23), cited in Williamson, Annotated Key, 183, re Lambdin, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew, lesson 41, exercise (a) note 2; Joel Burnett, A Reassessment of Biblical Elohim (Atlanta: SBL, 2001); A. Cowley & E. Kautzsch, Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1910), § 145 h-o; the last two sources cited by Ryan C. Davies and Paul Y. Hoskisson, “Usage of the Title elohim in the Hebrew Bible and Early Latter-day Saints,” in A. Skinner, M. Davis, and C. Griffin, eds., Bountiful Harvest: Essays in Honor of S. Kent Brown (Provo: Maxwell Institute/BYU, 2011), 113-135.
  2. ↑ Cf. LDS “Bible Dictionary,” 620, at “Behemoth.”
  3. ↑ Joüon & Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 2nd ed., with corr., §90d.
  4. ↑ See also Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language, 2 vols., 1st ed. (N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828), meaning #7, “wrought with care and art; elegant; neat; finished; as a curious girdle; curious work,” citing Exodus 28:8,27, 35:32 (maḥašābōt), meaning #8, “Requiring care and nicety; as curious arts,” citing Acts 19:19 (perierga “magic”), online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .
  5. ↑ F. N. Robinson, ed., The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 2nd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), 942.; Webster, Noah. An American Dictionary of the English Language, 2 vols., 1st ed. N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828. Online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .

Bibliography

Belnap, Dan. “‘Wicked Traditions’ and ‘Cunning Arts’: Wise Men, Sorcery, and Metalwork in Nephite Society,” in D. Parry, G. Strathearn, and S. Hopkin, eds., “Seek Ye Words of Wisdom”: Studies of the Book of Mormon, Bible, and Temple in Honor of Stephen D. Ricks (Provo: BYU Religious Education/ Interpreter Foundation, 2020), 1-28, online at https://www.academia.edu/40780974/Wicked_Traditions_and_Cunning_Arts_Wise_Men_Sorcery_and_Metalwork_in_Nephite_Society?email_work_card=view-paper .

Joüon, P., and T. Muraoka. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 2nd ed., with corr. Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press, 2011.

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