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'''Etymology''' | '''Etymology''' | ||
'''H<small>AGOTH</small>''' may derive from the Hebrew ''hāgâ'' “he mused, devised; meditated” ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/1.2?lang=eng#1 Psalms 1:2], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/2.1?lang=eng#1 2:1], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/38.12?lang=eng#1 38:12], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/63.6?lang=eng#1 63:6], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/77.12?lang=eng#1 77:12], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/143.5?lang=eng#1 143:5], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/josh/1.8?lang=eng#7 Joshua 1:8]), and ''hāgût'' “musing, meditation” in [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/49.3?lang=eng#2 Psalm 49:3] (verse 4 in Hebrew) – in either the intensive plural ''hagôt'' “devisings,” or abstract “curious, skillful,” i.e., with either an abstract nominal termination in -''ôt'', -''ût'' typical of biblical Hebrew, Arabic, East Semitic, and Egyptian,<ref>Joüon & Muraoka, ''A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew'', 2nd ed., with corr., §§88Mj,k, 136f; Lipiński, ''Semitic Languages'', §§ 29.46 Egyptian ''iЗwt'' “old age,” 29.47 Hebrew ''ḥokmōt'' “wisdom,” 30.3 ''malkūt'' “kingship,” 31.16 Assyro-Babylonian ''šarrūtu'' “kingship”; Hebrew ''niplĕʼôt'' “wonders, wonderful things,” Williamson, ''Annotated Key'', 175 (Exodus 3:20); ''hammōṣĕʼôt'' “all the things which had befallen (them)” ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/josh/2.23?lang=eng#22 Joshua 2:23]), cited in Williamson, ''Annotated Key'', 183, re Lambdin, ''Introduction to Biblical Hebrew'', lesson 41, exercise (a) note 2; Joel Burnett, ''A Reassessment of Biblical Elohim'' (Atlanta: SBL, 2001); A. Cowley & E. Kautzsch, ''Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar'', 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1910), § 145 h-o; the last two sources cited by Ryan C. Davies and Paul Y. Hoskisson, “Usage of the Title elohim in the Hebrew Bible and Early Latter-day Saints,” in A. Skinner, M. Davis, and C. Griffin, eds., ''Bountiful Harvest: Essays in Honor of S. Kent Brown'' (Provo: Maxwell Institute/BYU, 2011), 113-135.</ref> or as an intensive plural.<ref>Cf. [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] “Bible Dictionary,” 620, at “[https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bd/behemoth?lang=eng&letter=b Behemoth].”</ref> The | The Lehite [[Personal Name|PN]] '''H<small>AGOTH</small>''' may plausibly derive from the Hebrew הגה ''hāgâ'' “he mused, devised; meditated” ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/1.2?lang=eng#1 Psalms 1:2], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/2.1?lang=eng#1 2:1], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/38.12?lang=eng#1 38:12], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/63.6?lang=eng#1 63:6], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/77.12?lang=eng#1 77:12], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/143.5?lang=eng#1 143:5], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/josh/1.8?lang=eng#7 Joshua 1:8]), and הגות ''hāgût'' “musing, meditation” in [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/49.3?lang=eng#2 Psalm 49:3] (verse 4 in Hebrew) – in either the intensive plural הגות ''hagôt'' “devisings,” or abstract “curious, skillful,” i.e., with either an abstract nominal termination in -''ôt'', -''ût'' typical of biblical Hebrew, Arabic, East Semitic, and Egyptian,<ref>Joüon & Muraoka, ''A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew'', 2nd ed., with corr., §§88Mj,k, 136f; Lipiński, ''Semitic Languages'', §§ 29.46 Egyptian ''iЗwt'' “old age,” 29.47 Hebrew ''ḥokmōt'' “wisdom,” 30.3 ''malkūt'' “kingship,” 31.16 Assyro-Babylonian ''šarrūtu'' “kingship”; Hebrew ''niplĕʼôt'' “wonders, wonderful things,” Williamson, ''Annotated Key'', 175 (Exodus 3:20); ''hammōṣĕʼôt'' “all the things which had befallen (them)” ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/josh/2.23?lang=eng#22 Joshua 2:23]), cited in Williamson, ''Annotated Key'', 183, re Lambdin, ''Introduction to Biblical Hebrew'', lesson 41, exercise (a) note 2; Joel Burnett, ''A Reassessment of Biblical Elohim'' (Atlanta: SBL, 2001); A. Cowley & E. Kautzsch, ''Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar'', 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1910), § 145 h-o; the last two sources cited by Ryan C. Davies and Paul Y. Hoskisson, “Usage of the Title elohim in the Hebrew Bible and Early Latter-day Saints,” in A. Skinner, M. Davis, and C. Griffin, eds., ''Bountiful Harvest: Essays in Honor of S. Kent Brown'' (Provo: Maxwell Institute/BYU, 2011), 113-135.</ref> or as an intensive plural.<ref>Cf. [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] “Bible Dictionary,” 620, at “[https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bd/behemoth?lang=eng&letter=b Behemoth].”</ref> The ''-ôt'' ending is used, in any case, as a termination for both feminine and masculine nouns.<ref>Joüon & Muraoka, ''A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew'', 2nd ed., with corr., §90d.</ref> Although the –''ot(h)'' ending looks like the feminine plural noun ending, this ending is also used in men’s names, cf. Lapidoth ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/judg/4.4?lang=eng#4 Judges 4:4]); Naboth ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-kgs/21.1%2003%2008%2009?lang=eng#1 1 Kings 21:1, 3, 8, 9], and passim); and Meraioth ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/7.3?lang=eng Ezra 7:3], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/11.11?lang=engNehemiah#11 11:11]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/12.15?lang=eng#15 12:15]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/6.5,%207,%2052?lang=eng#5 1 Chronicles 6:5, 7, 52]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/9.11?lang=eng#11 9:11]), as well as the ending the Book of Mormon PN Hagoth ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/63.5?lang=eng#5 Alma 63:5]). Further, from the same root compare “meditation” in [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/19.14?lang=eng#13 Psalm 19:14] (verse 15 in Hebrew) and the technical term Higgaion in [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ps/9.16?lang=eng#15 Psalm 9:16] (verse 17 in Hebrew), possibly a musical directive. | ||
'''H<small>AGOTH</small>''' is said to be “an exceedingly curious man,” where ''curious'' probably does not mean ''inquisitive'', but rather “careful; studious, attentive” ([[J. A. Simpson, The Oxford English dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon press, 1989.|''OED'']]),<ref>See also Noah Webster, ''An American Dictionary of the English Language'', 2 vols., 1st ed. (N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828), meaning #7, “wrought with care and art; elegant; neat; finished; as a curious girdle; curious work,” citing [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/28.8,27?lang=eng#7 Exodus 28:8,27], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/35.32?lang=eng#31 35:32] (''maḥašābōt''), meaning #8, “Requiring care and nicety; as curious arts,” citing [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/acts/19.19?lang=eng#18 Acts 19:19] (''perierga'' “magic”), online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .</ref> and “skillful; erudite; careful, diligent” (Chaucer),<ref>F. N. Robinson, ed., ''The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer'', 2nd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), 942.; | '''H<small>AGOTH</small>''' is said to be “an exceedingly curious man,” where ''curious'' probably does not mean ''inquisitive'', but rather “careful; studious, attentive” ([[J. A. Simpson, The Oxford English dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon press, 1989.|''OED'']]),<ref>See also Noah Webster, ''An American Dictionary of the English Language'', 2 vols., 1st ed. (N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828), meaning #7, “wrought with care and art; elegant; neat; finished; as a curious girdle; curious work,” citing [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/28.8,27?lang=eng#7 Exodus 28:8,27], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/35.32?lang=eng#31 35:32] (''maḥašābōt''), meaning #8, “Requiring care and nicety; as curious arts,” citing [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/acts/19.19?lang=eng#18 Acts 19:19] (''perierga'' “magic”), online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .</ref> and “skillful; erudite; careful, diligent” (Chaucer),<ref>F. N. Robinson, ed., ''The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer'', 2nd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), 942.; | ||
Webster, Noah. ''An American Dictionary of the English Language'', 2 vols., 1st ed. N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828. Online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .</ref> which fits well with the Hebrew root ''hāgâ''. | Webster, Noah. ''An American Dictionary of the English Language'', 2 vols., 1st ed. N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828. Online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .</ref> which fits well with the Hebrew root הגה ''hāgâ''. | ||
Another possible Hebrew etymology is a form of ''ḥgg'', with its meanings of ''festival'', or pilgrimage in Arabic, ''ḥajj''; ''feast'' in Old South Arabic, ''ḥg, ḥgt''. The biblical masculine [[Personal Name|PN]] Haggai and the feminine Haggith derive from this root. Therefore, a hypothetical Hebrew word from this root, ''*ḥagôt'', with the abstract ending –''ôt'', could mean “jubilation, joy; pilgrimage.” The Hebrew word is also cognate with ancient Egyptian ''ḥЗg'' “be glad,” and the reduplicated Hebrew ''ḥāgag'' “celebrate, dance,” with Egyptian ''ḥЗgЗg'' “rejoice.” | Another possible Hebrew etymology for '''H<small>AGOTH</small>''' is a form of חגג ''ḥgg'', with its meanings of ''festival'', or pilgrimage in Arabic, ''ḥajj''; ''feast'' in Old South Arabic, ''ḥg, ḥgt''. The biblical masculine [[Personal Name|PN]] Haggai and the feminine Haggith derive from this root. Therefore, a hypothetical Hebrew word from this root, ''*ḥagôt'', with the abstract ending –''ôt'', could mean “jubilation, joy; pilgrimage.” The Hebrew word is also cognate with ancient Egyptian ''ḥЗg'' “be glad,” and the reduplicated Hebrew חגג ''ḥāgag'' “celebrate, dance,” with Egyptian ''ḥЗgЗg'' “rejoice.” | ||
'''Variants''' | '''Variants''' | ||
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'''Bibliography''' | '''Bibliography''' | ||
Belnap, Dan. “‘Wicked Traditions’ and ‘Cunning Arts’: Wise Men, Sorcery, and Metalwork in Nephite Society,” in D. Parry, G. Strathearn, and S. Hopkin, eds., ''“Seek Ye Words of Wisdom”: Studies of the Book of Mormon, Bible, and Temple in Honor of Stephen D. Ricks'' (Provo: BYU Religious Education/ Interpreter Foundation, 2020), 1-28, online at https://www.academia.edu/40780974/Wicked_Traditions_and_Cunning_Arts_Wise_Men_Sorcery_and_Metalwork_in_Nephite_Society?email_work_card=view-paper . | |||
Joüon, P., and T. Muraoka. ''A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew'', 2nd ed., with corr. Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press, 2011. | Joüon, P., and T. Muraoka. ''A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew'', 2nd ed., with corr. Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press, 2011. | ||
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[GOMORRAH|<<]] Hagoth [[HAMATH|>>]] </div> | <div style="text-align: center;"> [[GOMORRAH|<<]] Hagoth [[HAMATH|>>]] </div> | ||
Latest revision as of 23:15, 13 July 2023
| Lehite PN | 1. | NEPHITE who built and sailed ships to the "west sea" (Alma 63:5) |
Etymology
The Lehite PN HAGOTH may plausibly derive from the Hebrew הגה hāgâ “he mused, devised; meditated” (Psalms 1:2, 2:1, 38:12, 63:6, 77:12, 143:5, Joshua 1:8), and הגות hāgût “musing, meditation” in Psalm 49:3 (verse 4 in Hebrew) – in either the intensive plural הגות hagôt “devisings,” or abstract “curious, skillful,” i.e., with either an abstract nominal termination in -ôt, -ût typical of biblical Hebrew, Arabic, East Semitic, and Egyptian,[1] or as an intensive plural.[2] The -ôt ending is used, in any case, as a termination for both feminine and masculine nouns.[3] Although the –ot(h) ending looks like the feminine plural noun ending, this ending is also used in men’s names, cf. Lapidoth (Judges 4:4); Naboth (1 Kings 21:1, 3, 8, 9, and passim); and Meraioth (Ezra 7:3, 11:11; 12:15; 1 Chronicles 6:5, 7, 52; 9:11), as well as the ending the Book of Mormon PN Hagoth (Alma 63:5). Further, from the same root compare “meditation” in Psalm 19:14 (verse 15 in Hebrew) and the technical term Higgaion in Psalm 9:16 (verse 17 in Hebrew), possibly a musical directive.
HAGOTH is said to be “an exceedingly curious man,” where curious probably does not mean inquisitive, but rather “careful; studious, attentive” (OED),[4] and “skillful; erudite; careful, diligent” (Chaucer),[5] which fits well with the Hebrew root הגה hāgâ.
Another possible Hebrew etymology for HAGOTH is a form of חגג ḥgg, with its meanings of festival, or pilgrimage in Arabic, ḥajj; feast in Old South Arabic, ḥg, ḥgt. The biblical masculine PN Haggai and the feminine Haggith derive from this root. Therefore, a hypothetical Hebrew word from this root, *ḥagôt, with the abstract ending –ôt, could mean “jubilation, joy; pilgrimage.” The Hebrew word is also cognate with ancient Egyptian ḥЗg “be glad,” and the reduplicated Hebrew חגג ḥāgag “celebrate, dance,” with Egyptian ḥЗgЗg “rejoice.”
Variants
Deseret Alphabet: 𐐐𐐁𐐘𐐉𐐛 (heɪɡɒθ)
Notes
- ↑ Joüon & Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 2nd ed., with corr., §§88Mj,k, 136f; Lipiński, Semitic Languages, §§ 29.46 Egyptian iЗwt “old age,” 29.47 Hebrew ḥokmōt “wisdom,” 30.3 malkūt “kingship,” 31.16 Assyro-Babylonian šarrūtu “kingship”; Hebrew niplĕʼôt “wonders, wonderful things,” Williamson, Annotated Key, 175 (Exodus 3:20); hammōṣĕʼôt “all the things which had befallen (them)” (Joshua 2:23), cited in Williamson, Annotated Key, 183, re Lambdin, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew, lesson 41, exercise (a) note 2; Joel Burnett, A Reassessment of Biblical Elohim (Atlanta: SBL, 2001); A. Cowley & E. Kautzsch, Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1910), § 145 h-o; the last two sources cited by Ryan C. Davies and Paul Y. Hoskisson, “Usage of the Title elohim in the Hebrew Bible and Early Latter-day Saints,” in A. Skinner, M. Davis, and C. Griffin, eds., Bountiful Harvest: Essays in Honor of S. Kent Brown (Provo: Maxwell Institute/BYU, 2011), 113-135.
- ↑ Cf. LDS “Bible Dictionary,” 620, at “Behemoth.”
- ↑ Joüon & Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 2nd ed., with corr., §90d.
- ↑ See also Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language, 2 vols., 1st ed. (N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828), meaning #7, “wrought with care and art; elegant; neat; finished; as a curious girdle; curious work,” citing Exodus 28:8,27, 35:32 (maḥašābōt), meaning #8, “Requiring care and nicety; as curious arts,” citing Acts 19:19 (perierga “magic”), online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .
- ↑ F. N. Robinson, ed., The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 2nd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), 942.; Webster, Noah. An American Dictionary of the English Language, 2 vols., 1st ed. N.Y.: S. Converse, 1828. Online at http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters .
Bibliography
Belnap, Dan. “‘Wicked Traditions’ and ‘Cunning Arts’: Wise Men, Sorcery, and Metalwork in Nephite Society,” in D. Parry, G. Strathearn, and S. Hopkin, eds., “Seek Ye Words of Wisdom”: Studies of the Book of Mormon, Bible, and Temple in Honor of Stephen D. Ricks (Provo: BYU Religious Education/ Interpreter Foundation, 2020), 1-28, online at https://www.academia.edu/40780974/Wicked_Traditions_and_Cunning_Arts_Wise_Men_Sorcery_and_Metalwork_in_Nephite_Society?email_work_card=view-paper .
Joüon, P., and T. Muraoka. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 2nd ed., with corr. Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press, 2011.
Name Index
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