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'''Etymology''' | '''Etymology''' | ||
This may be related to ancient [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''gmgm'' “smash, tear up, break,”<ref>Faulkner, ''Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian'', 289; ''gm'' is translated as “control” (Coptic ''čom'' “strength, power”) by R. Ritner in “Setna II,” in W. K. Simpson, ed., ''Literature of Ancient Egypt'' (2003), 481 and n. 25; cf. [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''dbdb'' “crush by treading” (Černý, ''Coptic Etymological Dictionary'', 318, citing Crum 743a).</ref> (cf. Coptic ''demdom'' “strong,” from which the PN in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] Arabic ''Jamjūn''/''Gamgūm''),<ref>Youssef, ''From Pharaoh’s Lips'', 111.</ref> ''gbgb'' “cast down, kill enemy; be lame,” ''gbgbw'' “headlong (flight)”<ref>Adolf Erman and Hermann Grapow.'' Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache,'' vol. 5 (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931.), 165.; Raymond O. Faulkner. ''A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian.'' (Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1962), 289.</ref> > Coptic ''*čobčb'', ''čbčōb''=<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptische Handwörterbuch'' (Heidelberg: C. Winter Universitätsverlag, 1965), 447.</ref>; or Demotic and Coptic ''kmkm'' “strike; drum”<ref>Černý, ''Coptic Etymological Dictionary'', 58 (citing Crum 109a); Westendorf, [[Wolfhart Westendorf, Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: C. Winter Universitätsverlag, 1965.|''KHw'']], 64; cf. [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''kmkm'', ''qmqm'' “drum.”</ref>; or refer to [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] [[Geographical Name|GN]] ''Gmgm.w'' (with foreign-land determinative), which appears in the “Prophecy of the Lamb” in Demotic ''Papyrus Vienna'' 10,000, column 2, which Robert Ritner interprets as “the foreign powers,”<ref>Translated by Ritner in W. K. Simpson, ed., ''The Literature of Ancient Egypt'', 3<sup>rd</sup> ed., 448.</ref> and which may be the same place suggested by Nibley as the “City-of-Gimgim,” citing [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''Kenkeme'', or ''Gibgib''/''Kipkip'', the capital of the Nubian dynasty of [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] (whence King Paanchi flees).<ref>Nibley, ''Lehi in the Deseret'', 1<sup>st</sup> ed., 28 = ''Lehi in the Desert'', 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., [[The Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 19 vols. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1986-2010.|''CWHN'']] V:2,23,26. Cf. Eg. ''gbgbw'' “headlong (of flight); prostrate” (Faulkner, [[Raymond O. Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford: Printed for the Griffith Institute at the University Press by V. Ridler/Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, 1962-1988.|''CDME'']], 289).</ref> That, together with the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] word ''niwt'' “city, town, village”(= ''Nō’'' , in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''Nōʾ-ʿĀmôn'', “City of Amon/ Thebes/ Diopolis” [ [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/nahum/3.8?lang=eng#7 Nahum 3:8]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/30.14-16?lang=eng#13 Ezekiel 30:14-16] =''Niwt rst''; =''WЗst'' with “city” determinative], or Greek ''Naukratis''<ref>Gardiner, ''Egyptian Grammar | This may be related to ancient [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''gmgm'' “smash, tear up, break,”<ref>Faulkner, ''Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian'', 289; ''gm'' is translated as “control” (Coptic ''čom'' “strength, power”) by R. Ritner in “Setna II,” in W. K. Simpson, ed., ''Literature of Ancient Egypt'' (2003), 481 and n. 25; cf. [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''dbdb'' “crush by treading” (Černý, ''Coptic Etymological Dictionary'', 318, citing Crum 743a).</ref> (cf. Coptic ''demdom'' “strong,” from which the [[Personal Name|PN]] in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] Arabic ''Jamjūn''/''Gamgūm''),<ref>Youssef, ''From Pharaoh’s Lips'', 111.</ref> ''gbgb'' “cast down, kill enemy; be lame,” ''gbgbw'' “headlong (flight)”<ref>Adolf Erman and Hermann Grapow.'' Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache,'' vol. 5 (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931.), 165.; Raymond O. Faulkner. ''A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian.'' (Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1962), 289.</ref> > Coptic ''*čobčb'', ''čbčōb''=<ref>Wolfhart Westendorf, ''Koptische Handwörterbuch'' (Heidelberg: C. Winter Universitätsverlag, 1965), 447.</ref>; or Demotic and Coptic ''kmkm'' “strike; drum”<ref>Černý, ''Coptic Etymological Dictionary'', 58 (citing Crum 109a); Westendorf, [[Wolfhart Westendorf, Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: C. Winter Universitätsverlag, 1965.|''KHw'']], 64; cf. [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''kmkm'', ''qmqm'' “drum.”</ref>; or refer to [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] [[Geographical Name|GN]] ''Gmgm.w'' (with foreign-land determinative), which appears in the “Prophecy of the Lamb” in Demotic ''Papyrus Vienna'' 10,000, column 2, which Robert Ritner interprets as “the foreign powers,”<ref>Translated by Ritner in W. K. Simpson, ed., ''The Literature of Ancient Egypt'', 3<sup>rd</sup> ed., 448.</ref> and which may be the same place suggested by Nibley as the “City-of-Gimgim,” citing [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''Kenkeme'', or ''Gibgib''/''Kipkip'', the capital of the Nubian dynasty of [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] (whence King Paanchi flees).<ref>Nibley, ''Lehi in the Deseret'', 1<sup>st</sup> ed., 28 = ''Lehi in the Desert'', 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., [[The Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 19 vols. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1986-2010.|''CWHN'']] V:2,23,26. Cf. Eg. ''gbgbw'' “headlong (of flight); prostrate” (Faulkner, [[Raymond O. Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford: Printed for the Griffith Institute at the University Press by V. Ridler/Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, 1962-1988.|''CDME'']], 289).</ref> That, together with the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] word ''niwt'' “city, town, village”(= נא ''Nō’'' , in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] נא אמון ''Nōʾ-ʿĀmôn'', “City of Amon/ Thebes/ Diopolis” [ [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/nahum/3.8?lang=eng#7 Nahum 3:8]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezek/30.14-16?lang=eng#13 Ezekiel 30:14-16] =''Niwt rst''; =''WЗst'' with “city” determinative], or Greek ''Naukratis''<ref>Gardiner, Alan H. ''Egyptian Grammar, 3rd ed.'' Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1957.</ref>). With [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''No'' appended, we could account for the partial etymology of this geographical name. | ||
One might also compare Akkadian ''gumgumšu'', a type of altar = Sumerian GI.GÚM.GÚM.ŠÚ.A.<ref>''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'' = ''Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago.'' Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010., 5 (“G”), 133.</ref> | One might also compare Akkadian ''gumgumšu'', a type of altar = Sumerian GI.GÚM.GÚM.ŠÚ.A.<ref>''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'' = ''Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago.'' Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010., 5 (“G”), 133.</ref> | ||
See [[AMMON|A<small>MMON</small>]], [[HERMOUNTS|H<small>ERMOUNTS</small>]], [[KIM|K<small>IM</small>]], [[MANTI|M<small>ANTI</small>]], [[PAANCHI|P<small>AANCHI</small>]]. | See [[AMMON|A<small>MMON</small>]], [[HERMOUNTS|H<small>ERMOUNTS</small>]], [[KIM|K<small>IM</small>]], [[MANTI|M<small>ANTI</small>]], [[PAANCHI|P<small>AANCHI</small>]]. | ||
'''Variants''' | '''Variants''' | ||
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Černý, Jaroslav. ''Coptic Etymological Dictionary''. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976. | Černý, Jaroslav. ''Coptic Etymological Dictionary''. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976. | ||
Erman, Adolf, and Hermann Grapow. ''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'', 5 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931. [[ | Erman, Adolf, and Hermann Grapow. ''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'', 5 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931. [[Adolf Erman, and Hermann Grapow, Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache. 5 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931.|''Wb'']]. | ||
Faulkner, Raymond O. ''A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian.'' Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1962. [[Raymond O. Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford: Printed for the Griffith Institute at the University Press by V. Ridler/Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, 1962-1988.|''CDME'']] | Faulkner, Raymond O. ''A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian.'' Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1962. [[Raymond O. Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford: Printed for the Griffith Institute at the University Press by V. Ridler/Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, 1962-1988.|''CDME'']] | ||
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Gardiner, Alan A. ''Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs'', 3<sup>rd</sup> ed. Oxford, 1957. | Gardiner, Alan A. ''Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs'', 3<sup>rd</sup> ed. Oxford, 1957. | ||
Nibley, Hugh W. ''Lehi in the Desert and the World of the Jaredites'', 1<sup>st</sup> ed. SLC: Bookcraft, 1952. = 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., [[The Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 19 vols. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1986-2010.|''CWHN'']] V. Provo: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]]/ SLC: Deseret Book, 1988. [[ | Nibley, Hugh W. ''Lehi in the Desert and the World of the Jaredites'', 1<sup>st</sup> ed. [[Salt Lake City|SLC]]: Bookcraft, 1952. = 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., [[The Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 19 vols. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1986-2010.|''CWHN'']] V. Provo: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]]/ [[Salt Lake City|SLC]]: Deseret Book, 1988. [[Hugh W. Nibley, "Lehi in the Desert; The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites." John W. Welch, Darrell L. Matthews, and Stephen R. Callister, eds. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 5. Salt Lake City/Provo: Deseret Book/FARMS, 1988.|''LID'']] | ||
Ritner, Robert K. in W. K. Simpson, ed., ''The Literature of Ancient Egypt'', 3<sup>rd</sup> ed. Yale Univ. Press, 2003. | Ritner, Robert K. in W. K. Simpson, ed., ''The Literature of Ancient Egypt'', 3<sup>rd</sup> ed. Yale Univ. Press, 2003. | ||
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[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite GN]] | [[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite GN]] | ||
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[GILGAL|<<]] Gimgimno [[GOMORRAH|>>]] </div> | |||
==[[Name Index]]== | |||
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Latest revision as of 09:07, 13 July 2023
| Lehite GN | 1. | NEPHITE city of, which sank into the earth (3 Nephi 9:8) |
Etymology
This may be related to ancient EGYPTIAN gmgm “smash, tear up, break,”[1] (cf. Coptic demdom “strong,” from which the PN in EGYPTIAN Arabic Jamjūn/Gamgūm),[2] gbgb “cast down, kill enemy; be lame,” gbgbw “headlong (flight)”[3] > Coptic *čobčb, čbčōb=[4]; or Demotic and Coptic kmkm “strike; drum”[5]; or refer to EGYPTIAN GN Gmgm.w (with foreign-land determinative), which appears in the “Prophecy of the Lamb” in Demotic Papyrus Vienna 10,000, column 2, which Robert Ritner interprets as “the foreign powers,”[6] and which may be the same place suggested by Nibley as the “City-of-Gimgim,” citing EGYPTIAN Kenkeme, or Gibgib/Kipkip, the capital of the Nubian dynasty of EGYPT (whence King Paanchi flees).[7] That, together with the EGYPTIAN word niwt “city, town, village”(= נא Nō’ , in HEBREW נא אמון Nōʾ-ʿĀmôn, “City of Amon/ Thebes/ Diopolis” [ Nahum 3:8; Ezekiel 30:14-16 =Niwt rst; =WЗst with “city” determinative], or Greek Naukratis[8]). With EGYPTIAN No appended, we could account for the partial etymology of this geographical name.
One might also compare Akkadian gumgumšu, a type of altar = Sumerian GI.GÚM.GÚM.ŠÚ.A.[9]
See AMMON, HERMOUNTS, KIM, MANTI, PAANCHI.
Variants
Deseret Alphabet: 𐐖𐐆𐐣𐐖𐐆𐐣𐐤𐐄 (dʒɪmdʒɪmnoʊ)
Notes
- ↑ Faulkner, Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, 289; gm is translated as “control” (Coptic čom “strength, power”) by R. Ritner in “Setna II,” in W. K. Simpson, ed., Literature of Ancient Egypt (2003), 481 and n. 25; cf. EGYPTIAN dbdb “crush by treading” (Černý, Coptic Etymological Dictionary, 318, citing Crum 743a).
- ↑ Youssef, From Pharaoh’s Lips, 111.
- ↑ Adolf Erman and Hermann Grapow. Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, vol. 5 (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931.), 165.; Raymond O. Faulkner. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. (Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1962), 289.
- ↑ Wolfhart Westendorf, Koptische Handwörterbuch (Heidelberg: C. Winter Universitätsverlag, 1965), 447.
- ↑ Černý, Coptic Etymological Dictionary, 58 (citing Crum 109a); Westendorf, KHw, 64; cf. EGYPTIAN kmkm, qmqm “drum.”
- ↑ Translated by Ritner in W. K. Simpson, ed., The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 3rd ed., 448.
- ↑ Nibley, Lehi in the Deseret, 1st ed., 28 = Lehi in the Desert, 2nd ed., CWHN V:2,23,26. Cf. Eg. gbgbw “headlong (of flight); prostrate” (Faulkner, CDME, 289).
- ↑ Gardiner, Alan H. Egyptian Grammar, 3rd ed. Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1957.
- ↑ Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010., 5 (“G”), 133.
Bibliography
CAD = Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.
Černý, Jaroslav. Coptic Etymological Dictionary. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976.
Erman, Adolf, and Hermann Grapow. Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, 5 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931. Wb.
Faulkner, Raymond O. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1962. CDME
Gardiner, Alan A. Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, 3rd ed. Oxford, 1957.
Nibley, Hugh W. Lehi in the Desert and the World of the Jaredites, 1st ed. SLC: Bookcraft, 1952. = 2nd ed., CWHN V. Provo: FARMS/ SLC: Deseret Book, 1988. LID
Ritner, Robert K. in W. K. Simpson, ed., The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 3rd ed. Yale Univ. Press, 2003.
Westendorf, Wolfhart. Akkadisches Handwӧrterbuch. Heidelberg: C. Winter Univ., 2008.
Youssef, Ahmad Abdel-Hamid. From Pharaoh’s Lips: Ancient Egyptian Language in the Arabic of Today. Cairo: American Univ. of Cairo Press, 2003.
Name Index
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
