Abbreviations

Abbreviation List

AASOR	Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
AB	Anchor Bible. 88 vols.
ABD	David Freedman, ed. Anchor Bible Dictionary. 6 vols. N.Y.: Doubleday, 1992.
ABM	Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.
AC	Angela Crowell
AHw	W. Von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965–1981.
AI	Yohanan Aharoni, Arad Inscriptions. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981.
AL	Kent. P. Jackson, The Ammonite Language of the Iron Age. Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, 1983.
ALUOS	Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society
ANET	James B. Pritchard, ed. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1969.
ANG	Jakob J. Stamm, Akkadischen Namengebung.
AnOr	Analecta Orientalia
AOAT	Alter Orient und altes Testament
AOS	American Oriental Society
APA	APA-Philo Press
APN	H. B. Huffmon, Amorite Personal Names in the Mari Texts: A Structural and Lexical Study. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1965.
ASOR	Americal Schools of Oriental Research
ATV	Royal Skousen, Analysis of Textual Variants in the Book of Mormon. 6 Parts. Provo, Utah: FARMS, Brigham Young University, 2004-2009.
BA	Biblical Archaeologist
BAR	Biblical Archaeology Review
BASOR	Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
BDB	F. Brown, S. Driver, and C. Briggs, eds. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907 /1968.
BH	Biblia Hebraica
BHS	Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deustsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.
Biblica	Journal from the Pontifical Biblical Institute, PBI, Rome.
BM	British Museum
BMH	Brian M. Hauglid
BTAVO	Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients
BU	Biblische Untersuchungen
BYU	Brigham Young University
CAAA	I. J. Gelb, Computer-Aided Analysis of Amorite. Assyriological Studies, 21. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1980.
CAD	Chicago Assyrian Dictionary = Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010. Online at https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/assyrian-dictionary-oriental-institute-university-chicago-cad
CBM	George Reynolds and Janne M. Sjodahl, Commentary on the Book of Mormon. P. C. Reynolds, ed. 7 vols. SLC: Deseret Book, 1955–1961.
CDME	Raymond O. Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford: Printed for the Griffith Institute at the University Press by V. Ridler/Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, 1962-1988.
CIS	Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum
Critext	Book of Mormon Critical Text. 2nd ed. 3 vols. Provo: FARMS, 1986-1987.
CTA	Corpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques: découvertes à Ras Shamra-Ugarit de 1929 à 1939
CWHN	The Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 19 vols. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1986-2010.
D&C	The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, The Doctrine and Covenants of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Salt Lake City, UT: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. 2013.
DBM	George Reynolds, Dictionary of the Book of Mormon; Comprising its Biographical Geographical, and Other Proper Names. Together with Appendices by Janne M. Sjodahl. Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1883, [R]1954.
DN	Divine Name
DNWSI	J. Hoftijzer, and K. Jongeling, Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions. 2nd ed. HOSANE/HOSNME 21 Leiden/N.Y.: Brill, 2003.
DOTT	D. Winton Thomas, ed. Documents from the Old Testament Times. Wipf & Stock Pub, 2006.
EA	El-Amarna Tablets
EASW	J. W. Wevers, and D. B. Redford, eds. Essays on the Ancient Semitic World. Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies 1. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1970.
ED	Early Dynastic Period
EDE	Gábor Takács, Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian. 3 vols. HdO Leiden: Brill, 1999, 2001, 2007.
EHA	Edward H. Ashment
EJ	Cecil Roth, ed., Encyclopedia Judaica. Jerusalem: Keter/N.Y.: Macmillan, 1970-1971.
ePSD	Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary. University of Pennsylvania, 2006. Online at http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/nepsd-frame.html
ePSD2	Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary 2. University of Pennsylvania, 2022- . Online at http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/index.html .
ESA	Epigraphic South Arabian
ESDR	Esdras in the Apocrypha
f	Feminine
FARMS	Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
FSAC	William F. Albright, From the Stone Age to Christianity: Monotheism and the Historical Process. 1st ed. Baltimore: John Hopkins, 1940.; 2nd ed. Baltimore: John Hopkins/Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1957/reprint Eugene: Wipf & Stock, 2003.
GKC	Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius' Hebrew grammar. E. Kautzsch, ed. A. Cowley trans. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1910/ reprint Dover, 2006.
GN	Geographical Name
GOA	I. J. Gelb, Glossary of Old Akkadian. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1973.
GCT	Gordon C. Thomasson
HAL	L. Koehler, W. Baumgartner, Hebräisches und Aramäisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament. 3 vols. Auflage Leiden: Brill, 2004.
HALOT	Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner & Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition. Also available in CD-ROM.
HC	B. H. Roberts, ed., History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1st ed., 6 vols. Salt Lake City: Deseret, 1902-1912.
HdO	Handbuch der Orientalistik -- J. Hoftijzer and K. Jongeling, Dictionary of North-West Semitic Inscriptons. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
HWN	Hugh W. Nibley
IDAM	Israel Department Antiquities and Museums
IPA	International Phonetic Alphabet
IPN	Martin Noth, Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung. Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament, III, 10. Stuttgart, 1928 /reprint: Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966.
Jackson	Kent P. Jackson, "Ammonite Personal Names in the Context of the West Semitic Onomasticon." in The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth, Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman. Carol L. Meyers and M. O'Connor Winona Lake, eds. Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1983: 507-521.
JAOS	Journal of the American Oriental Society
Jastrow	Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yeushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature. New York: Judaica Press, 1996.
JAT	John A. Tvedtnes
JBL	Journal of Biblical Literature
JBMS	Journal of Book of Mormon Studies
JCS	Journal of Cuneiform Studies
JD	Journal of Discourses
JG	John Gee
JH	Jo Ann Carlton Hackett
JLS	John L. Sorenson
JNES	Journal of Near Eastern Studies
JPS	Jewish Publication Society, publishing for example, The Jewish Study Bible. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999.
JS-H	Joseph Smith History
JSS	Journal of Semitic Studies
JWW	John W. Welch
KAI	H. Donner and W. Röllig, Kanannäische und aramäische Inschriften. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1968.
KHw	Wolfhart Westendorf, Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: C. Winter Universitätsverlag, 1965.
KJV	King James Version
KTAV	Jewish Publisher
KTU	Keilschriftliche Texte aus Ugarit. M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín, eds. vol. 1. AOAT 24. Kevelaer and Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1976.
LDS	The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
LGG	Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen
LID	Hugh W. Nibley, "Lehi in the Desert; The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites." John W. Welch, Darrell L. Matthews, and Stephen R. Callister, eds. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 5. Salt Lake City/Provo: Deseret Book/FARMS, 1988.
LXX	Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.
m	Masculine
MAD	I. J. Gelb, Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary. MAD 1. Sargonic Texts from the Diyala Region. 1952. MAD 2. Old Addakian Writing and Grammar. 1952. MAD 3. Glossary of Old Akkadian. 1957. MAD 4. Sargonic Texts in the Louvre Museum. 1970. MAD 5. Sargonic Texts in the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford. 1970.
MDDB	Mormon dialogue & discussion board www.mormondialogue.org
MEE	Materiali Epigrafici di Ebla. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli.
Moscati	Sabatino Moscati, et al. An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages. Sabatino Moscati, ed. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1969.
mss	Plural for Manuscript as in O P mss = Original and Printer's Manuscripts
MR	Matthew Roper
MT	Massoretic Text = Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.
MW	Mark Wright
MWJ	M. Wells Jakeman
MZ	Rykle Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon. 2nd ed. AOAT 305. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2010.
NPSEHA	Newsletter and Proceedings of the Society for Early Historic Archaeology
NRSV	New Revised Standard Version of the Bible
NT	New Testament
O	Original Manuscript of the Book of Mormon.
OED	J. A. Simpson, The Oxford English dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon press, 1989.
OLA	Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta
OT	Old Testament
P	Printer's Manuscript of the Book of Mormon.
p	Plural
PBI	Pontifical Bible Institute, Rome publisher
PEQ	Palestine Exploration Quarterly. London
PGP	Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, The Pearl of Great Price. Salt Lake City, UT: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 2013.
PN	Personal Name
PRS	Perspectives in Religious Studies. Macon, GA
PTU	Frauke Gröndahl, Die Personennamen der Texte aus Ugarit. Studia Pohl 1. Rome: Pontifical Bible Institute, 1967.
PYH	Paul Y. Hoskisson
Ranke	Hermann Ranke, Die ägyptischen Personennamen. 2 vols. Glückstadt: Augustin, 1935-52.
RFS	Robert F. Smith
RLDS	Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now the Community of Christ)
RSP	Loren R. Fisher, ed. Ras Shamra Parallels: The Texts from Ugarit and the Hebrew Bible. 3 vols. AnOr 49-51. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1972, 1975, 1981. Stan Rummell edited volume 3.
RSV	Revised Standard Version
s	Singular
SABC	Society of Assyriologists, Bibliologists and Caucasiologists
SANTAG	Karl Hecker und Walter Sommerfeld, eds. Arbeiten und Untersuchungen zur Keilschriftkunde.
SAYP	Studies in Ancient Yahwistic Poetry. D.N. Freedman & F. M. Cross.
SBL	Society of Biblical Literature
SC	Hugh W. Nibley, Since Cumorah: The Book of Mormon in the Modern World. 1st ed. SLC: Deseret Book, 1967.; 2nd ed. CWHN 7. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1988.
SDR	Stephen D. Ricks
Silverman	Michael H. Silverman, Religious Values in the Jewish Proper Names at Elephantine. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 217. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchner, 1985.
SLC	Salt Lake City
SPCK	The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
Stark	Jürgen Kurt Stark, Personal Names in Palmyrene Inscriptions. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971.
STF	FARMS Staff
T&S	Times and Seasons
TAVO	Tübinger Atlas vorderen Orients. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1977- .
TB	Talmud Babli Babylonian Talmud
Tomback	Richard S. Tomback, A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of the Phoenician and Punic Languages. SBL Dissertation Series 32. Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1978.
UEE	UCLA Encyclopedia of Egypotology, Willike Wendrich and Elizabeth Frood, eds. Online at http://www.uee.ucla.edu
UT	Cyrus H. Gordon, Ugaritic Textbook. AnOr 38. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1965.
VESO	William F. Albright, The Vocalization of the Egyptian Syllabic Orthography. AOS 5. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1934/ reprint Millwood, N.Y., 1974.
VT	Vetus Testamentum
Wb	Adolf Erman, and Hermann Grapow, Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache. 5 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1926-1931.
WdO	Die Welt des Orients
WJ	Hugh Nibley, Lehi in the Desert and the World of the Jaredites. 1st ed. SLC: Bookcraft, 1952.; “Lehi in the Desert; The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites.” J. W. Welch, D. L. Matthews, and S. R. Callister, eds. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 5 vols. Provo: FARMS/Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1988.
WSPN	Michael David Coogan, West Semitic Personal Names in the Marašû Documents. Harvard Semitic Monographs 7. Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1976.
YGC	William F. Albright, Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: A Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1968/ reprint Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1978. Pagination differs from London edition.
YS	Yehonatan Shunary
ZÄS	Zeitschrift für ägyptische sprache und altertumskunde 1863.