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'''Etymology''' | '''Etymology''' | ||
'''A<small>HA</small>''' | The Lehite [[Personal Name|PN]] '''A<small>HA</small>''' is probably identical to the extra-biblical Hebrew [[Personal Name|PN]] אחא ʾḥʾ from the second half of the seventh century<ref>Shmuel Ahituv, ''Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period'' (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), 164. This PN in Hebrew is spelled אחא.</ref> (Tel Masos) and the late eighth century<ref>Ahituv, ''Echoes from the Past'', 147. This PN in Hebrew is spelled אחא.</ref>(Arad)([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). '''A<small>HA</small>''' would then be composed of the common Semitic noun ''ʾāḥ'', "brother," and the hypocoristic ending<ref>For a discussion of hypocoristic endings, see under '''A<small>LMA</small>'''.</ref> (abbreviated theophoric element) ā (often represented by the Semitic consonant ''א''). This [[Personal Name|PN]] would then mean, "[God is a] brother" or "[God is a ] divine kinsman."<ref>Martin Noth, p. 69, states that both ''ʾāḥ'', “brother,” and ''ʾāb'', “father,” are without doubt theophoric elements themselves</ref> See also other [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] [[Personal Name|PN]]s containing ''ʾāḥ'', e.g., Ahab, Ahiah, Ahimelech, etc. Further, see the Iron Age I name inscribed on an arrowhead, ʾḥʾ, found in Israel),<ref>P. Kyle McCarter, Jr., “Over the Transom: Three More Arrowheads,” ''Biblical Archaeology Review'' 25–3 [May–June 1999], 42–43; citation supplied by RFS.</ref> and compare Ugaritic ''aḫrm, aḫqm, aḫmlk'';<ref>ref 6</ref> “Canaanite” ''ʾḥyhw'',<ref>ref 7</ref> ''ʾḥnʿm'';<ref>Donner and Röllig, ''Inschriften'',186:4.</ref> Amorite ''a-ḫi-ia, a-ḫi-e-ba-al, a-ḫi-ì-lí, ar-ši-a-ḫu-um''<ref>I. J. Gelb, ''Computer-Aided Analysis of Amorite''. Assyriological Studies, 21. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1980.</ref> and the Ebla [[Personal Name|PN]]s ''ar-šè-a-ḫa'' (14 v. I:7) and ''ì-lum-a-ḫa'' (43 v. IV:5).<ref>''Materiali Epigrafici di Ebla'' (Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli), 2 pt. 1.</ref> | ||
Other suggestions include [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''ʿḥ3'', “warrior,” name of the first [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] pharaoh | Other suggestions include [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] noun ''ʿḥ3'', “warrior,” name of the first [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] pharaoh.<ref>[[Hugh W. Nibley]] in ''[[Hugh W. Nibley,Lehi in the Desert; The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites. John W. Welch, Darrell L. Matthews, and Stephen R. Callister, eds. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley. 5. Salt Lake City/Provo: Deseret Book/FARMS, 1988|''Lehi in the Desert/The World of the Jaredites/There Were Jaredites'' (Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book/Provo, UT: FARMS, 1988)]]'', 25; Id., [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''An Approach to the Book of Mormon'' (Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book/Provo, UT: FARMS,1988)]], 286</ref>. This is perhaps an example of metonymy, since the [[ZORAMITE(S)|Z<small>ORAMITES</small>]] were very militant and '''A<small>HA</small>''' himself is a military officer, a “chief captain,” as was his father<ref>[[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|Ibid.,]], 286.</ref> ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). Muchiki also mentions ancient Egyptian ''iḥЗ < ˤḥЗ'' "warrior," which may have been borrowed as Aramaic ʼḥʼ. He also suggests Egyptian ''iˁḥ, iḥ'' "moon" as a possible source of that Aramaic [[Personal Name|PN]].<ref>Y. Muchiki, ''Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords in NW Semitic'', 63-64, citing Ranke, Personnenamen, I.12.14-13.10; 44.7-16.</ref> Reynolds also saw '''A<small>HA</small>''' as Egyptian, namely, "The name of a watchman at the gates of one of the many gods of Egyptian mythology."<ref>[[George Reynolds|George M. Reynolds]] in [[George Reynolds and Janne M. Sjodahl, Commentary on the Book of Mormon. P. C. Reynolds, ed. 7 vols. SLC: Deseret Book, 1955–1961.|''Commentary on the Book of Mormon'']] VI:160</ref> Unfortunately it isn't clear which Egyptian name he is referring to. | ||
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It has been suggested that '''A<small>HA</small>''' might not be a [[Personal Name|PN]], but rather the Hebrew appellative for ''brother'', ''ʾḥ'', plus the 3ms pronominal suffix, and would mean, “his brother.”<ref>Jo Ann Carlton Hackett and John W. Welch. “Possible Linguistic Roots of Book of Mormon Names,” FARMS Preliminary Report CAR-81 (Provo: FARMS, 1982), 4.</ref> An analogous example could be cited where the Masoretic text pointed a word in [2 Samuel 6:3-4] as the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''Ahio'', but could possibly have been pointed, as suggested long ago by Wellhausen, as an appellative, ''ʾaḥîw'', “his brother” ([[John_W._Welch|JWW]]).<ref>Wellhausen, ''Der Text der Bücher Samuels'', 167, “die Verwandlung des Appellativs אחִיו… in einen Eigennamen.” In this book, Wellhausen makes no mention of the fact that the LXX has “his brothers.”</ref> Thus, if [Alma 16:5] were interpreted analogously, the [[Personal Name|PN]] '''A<small>HA</small>''' would be read as ''his brother,'' "His name was Zoram and he had two sons, Lehi and his brother."<ref>Carlton and Welch, p. 4</ref> However, the final ''/a/'' in '''A<small>HA</small>''' would need to be explained. The standard Masoretic vocalization of “his brother,” ''aḥîw'', lacks any semblance of final ''/a/''. The posited north Israelite vocalization of “his brother,” ''*ʾaḥe''<ref>For a discussion of the northern Israelite pronunciation and the Judahite vocalization, and the equivalence of early -h and later -w as the 3.m.s. pronominal suffix, see Cross and Freedman, SAYP, SBL Diss. 21, p. 183 ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).</ref>, does not contain a clear indication that ''/a/'' is present. The preexilic Judahite vocalization, ''ʾaḥaw'', does contain /a/, but only as part of the diphthong, leaving the ''/o/'' unexplained<ref>The 3ms pronominal ending ''–aw¬'' is no doubt a shortening of ''–ahu'', since the preexilic orthography simply attaches ה to the end of the noun being modified. In other words, it is not the ''/a/'', but rather the ''/w/'' that indicates the 3ms suffix. '''A<small>HA</small>''' lacks this indicator. To state it differently, the ''/a/'' in ''–aw'' serves as a helper vowel to separate the monosyllabic ''ʼḥ'' from the indicator of the 3ms pronominal suffix, ''-w/ō''.</ref>. In other words, AHA could mean “his brother,” but only with difficulty. | |||
Note the Hebrew exclamation ''aha'' in Isaiah 44:16 and Ezekiel 25:3. | Note the Hebrew exclamation ''aha'' in Isaiah 44:16 and Ezekiel 25:3. | ||
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'''Notes''' | '''Notes''' | ||
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<references/> | |||
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]] | [[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:04, 22 June 2023
| Lehite PN | 1. | Military officer, son of ZORAM, ca. 81 BC (Alma 16:5) |
Etymology
The Lehite PN AHA is probably identical to the extra-biblical Hebrew PN אחא ʾḥʾ from the second half of the seventh century[1] (Tel Masos) and the late eighth century[2](Arad)(JAT). AHA would then be composed of the common Semitic noun ʾāḥ, "brother," and the hypocoristic ending[3] (abbreviated theophoric element) ā (often represented by the Semitic consonant א). This PN would then mean, "[God is a] brother" or "[God is a ] divine kinsman."[4] See also other HEBREW PNs containing ʾāḥ, e.g., Ahab, Ahiah, Ahimelech, etc. Further, see the Iron Age I name inscribed on an arrowhead, ʾḥʾ, found in Israel),[5] and compare Ugaritic aḫrm, aḫqm, aḫmlk;[6] “Canaanite” ʾḥyhw,[7] ʾḥnʿm;[8] Amorite a-ḫi-ia, a-ḫi-e-ba-al, a-ḫi-ì-lí, ar-ši-a-ḫu-um[9] and the Ebla PNs ar-šè-a-ḫa (14 v. I:7) and ì-lum-a-ḫa (43 v. IV:5).[10]
Other suggestions include EGYPTIAN noun ʿḥ3, “warrior,” name of the first EGYPTIAN pharaoh.[11]. This is perhaps an example of metonymy, since the ZORAMITES were very militant and AHA himself is a military officer, a “chief captain,” as was his father[12] (RFS, JAT). Muchiki also mentions ancient Egyptian iḥЗ < ˤḥЗ "warrior," which may have been borrowed as Aramaic ʼḥʼ. He also suggests Egyptian iˁḥ, iḥ "moon" as a possible source of that Aramaic PN.[13] Reynolds also saw AHA as Egyptian, namely, "The name of a watchman at the gates of one of the many gods of Egyptian mythology."[14] Unfortunately it isn't clear which Egyptian name he is referring to.
It has been suggested that AHA might not be a PN, but rather the Hebrew appellative for brother, ʾḥ, plus the 3ms pronominal suffix, and would mean, “his brother.”[15] An analogous example could be cited where the Masoretic text pointed a word in [2 Samuel 6:3-4] as the PN Ahio, but could possibly have been pointed, as suggested long ago by Wellhausen, as an appellative, ʾaḥîw, “his brother” (JWW).[16] Thus, if [Alma 16:5] were interpreted analogously, the PN AHA would be read as his brother, "His name was Zoram and he had two sons, Lehi and his brother."[17] However, the final /a/ in AHA would need to be explained. The standard Masoretic vocalization of “his brother,” aḥîw, lacks any semblance of final /a/. The posited north Israelite vocalization of “his brother,” *ʾaḥe[18], does not contain a clear indication that /a/ is present. The preexilic Judahite vocalization, ʾaḥaw, does contain /a/, but only as part of the diphthong, leaving the /o/ unexplained[19]. In other words, AHA could mean “his brother,” but only with difficulty.
Note the Hebrew exclamation aha in Isaiah 44:16 and Ezekiel 25:3.
See Book of Mormon AHAH
Variants
Deseret Alphabet: 𐐁𐐐𐐂 (eɪhɑː)
Notes
- ↑ Shmuel Ahituv, Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), 164. This PN in Hebrew is spelled אחא.
- ↑ Ahituv, Echoes from the Past, 147. This PN in Hebrew is spelled אחא.
- ↑ For a discussion of hypocoristic endings, see under ALMA.
- ↑ Martin Noth, p. 69, states that both ʾāḥ, “brother,” and ʾāb, “father,” are without doubt theophoric elements themselves
- ↑ P. Kyle McCarter, Jr., “Over the Transom: Three More Arrowheads,” Biblical Archaeology Review 25–3 [May–June 1999], 42–43; citation supplied by RFS.
- ↑ ref 6
- ↑ ref 7
- ↑ Donner and Röllig, Inschriften,186:4.
- ↑ I. J. Gelb, Computer-Aided Analysis of Amorite. Assyriological Studies, 21. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1980.
- ↑ Materiali Epigrafici di Ebla (Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli), 2 pt. 1.
- ↑ Hugh W. Nibley in Lehi in the Desert/The World of the Jaredites/There Were Jaredites (Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book/Provo, UT: FARMS, 1988), 25; Id., An Approach to the Book of Mormon (Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book/Provo, UT: FARMS,1988), 286
- ↑ Ibid.,, 286.
- ↑ Y. Muchiki, Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords in NW Semitic, 63-64, citing Ranke, Personnenamen, I.12.14-13.10; 44.7-16.
- ↑ George M. Reynolds in Commentary on the Book of Mormon VI:160
- ↑ Jo Ann Carlton Hackett and John W. Welch. “Possible Linguistic Roots of Book of Mormon Names,” FARMS Preliminary Report CAR-81 (Provo: FARMS, 1982), 4.
- ↑ Wellhausen, Der Text der Bücher Samuels, 167, “die Verwandlung des Appellativs אחִיו… in einen Eigennamen.” In this book, Wellhausen makes no mention of the fact that the LXX has “his brothers.”
- ↑ Carlton and Welch, p. 4
- ↑ For a discussion of the northern Israelite pronunciation and the Judahite vocalization, and the equivalence of early -h and later -w as the 3.m.s. pronominal suffix, see Cross and Freedman, SAYP, SBL Diss. 21, p. 183 (RFS).
- ↑ The 3ms pronominal ending –aw¬ is no doubt a shortening of –ahu, since the preexilic orthography simply attaches ה to the end of the noun being modified. In other words, it is not the /a/, but rather the /w/ that indicates the 3ms suffix. AHA lacks this indicator. To state it differently, the /a/ in –aw serves as a helper vowel to separate the monosyllabic ʼḥ from the indicator of the 3ms pronominal suffix, -w/ō.
Name Index
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