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'''Etymology'''
'''Etymology'''


Until a possible language origin for [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] can be determined, all suggestions for etymologies of [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names must remain more speculative than substantive.
Until possible language affinities for [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names can be determined, all suggestions for etymologies of [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names must remain more speculative than substantive. With that caveat, the onomasticon does offer etymologies for some [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names, especially if it is possible that some [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names were translated into [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]], or were otherwise related to one or more Semitic languages.


Best is eponymous Aramean GN ''Bit Agush''.<ref>A. R. Millard, "Abraham," in Freedman, ed., ''ABD'', I:38.</ref> (Bit Agusi) of west [[SYRIA|S<small>YRIA</small>]] (in Arpad).<ref>Bienkowski & Millard, ''Dictionary of the Ancient Near East'' (2010), 28; ''Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East'', ed. E. Meyers, 5 vols. (Oxford University Press, 1997), I:185-86, V:132.</ref>
One may compare, for example, the eponymous Aramean [[Geographical Name|GN]] Bit Agush<ref>Alan R. Millard, “Abraham,” in ed. David N. Freedman, ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'' ((New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1:38.</ref> (Bit Agusi) from Arpad in west Syria.<ref>E. Meyers, ed., ''Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 1:85-86, 5:132.</ref>


'''AGOSH''' may be etymologically related to [[AKISH|A<small>KISH</small>]]. Since they are in the same vicinity, they may be varied stems of the same root and express a common quality ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]).
Another excellent proposal is Sumerian akuš, a₂-gu₂-šu, a<sub>2</sub>-kuš<sub>2</sub> "toil, labor" (= Akkadian ''manahtu'' "toils").<ref>http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/dcclt/cbd/sux/summaries.html ; ePSD.</ref>


If Sumerian and Akkadian etymologies may be appealed to for [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names, some possibilities are listed below:
<b>A<small>GOSH</small></b> may be related to [[AKISH|<b>A<small>KISH</small></b>]], since they are in the same vicinity and may be variant stems of the same root and express a common quality ([[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]). Cf. [[King James Version|KJV]] Ikkesh from Hebrew PN עקש ''ˁIqqēš'' "Crooked" ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/2-sam/23.26?lang=eng 2 Samuel 23:26], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/11.28?lang=eng 1 Chronicles 11:28], [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/27.9?lang=eng 27:9]), from Hebrew עקש ''ˁqš'' "twist, pervert," which could be a good name for a wilderness in which sore battles took place ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]], [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).<ref>Bruce Metzger, ed., “Topical Index to the Bible,” 99, in his ''NRSV Complete Concordance'' (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1991).</ref> Reynolds and Sjodahl suggested use of the same Semitic root, meaning "to be froward, false."<ref>Reynolds & Sjodahl, 'CBM', VI:41.</ref>


Sumerian UKÚŠ, ukuš<sub>2</sub>, u<sub>2</sub>-kuš<sub>8</sub> “cucumber, squash, gourd”= Akkdian ''qiššû'' = [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''qiššûʿ'' “cucumber” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/11.5?lang=eng#4 Numbers 11:5]).
Cf. SUmerian AGA’US, aga-us<sub>2</sub> (aga-uš), aga<sub>3</sub>-us<sub>2</sub> (aga<sub>3</sub>-uš) "soldier."<ref>ePSD = Akkadian ''rēdû'' "soldier, private"; Sumerian AGA/UKU-ÚS/AGA-ÚS/UŠ.</ref> Cf. the famous Chicago football stadium, "Soldier Field."<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldier_Field .</ref>


Sumerian akuš, a<sub>2</sub>-kuš<sub>3</sub>; a<sub>2</sub>-1(diš)-kuš<sub>3</sub><ref>ePSD.</ref> = Akkadian ''ammatu'' “forearm; cubit.”<ref>Tawil, ''Akkadian Lexical Companion'', 23-24.</ref>  
Cf. Akkadian ''aggiš''' "furiosly," from Akkadian ''aggu'', ''uggu'' = Sumerian ug, ug<sub>2</sub> "(to be) furious; anger."<ref>ePSD.</ref>


Cf. Old Babylonian Hymn of Agushaya, about Ishtar/Inanna.<ref>Frymner-Kensky, ''In the Wake of the Goddesses'', 30-31,67,78.</ref>
Other Sumerian and Akkadian etymologies may also be proposed for <b>A<small>GOSH</small></b>: (1) Sumerian UKÚŠ, ukuš<sub>2</sub>, u<sub>2</sub>-kuš<sub>8</sub> "sucumber, squash, qourd" = Akkadian qiššû = Hebrew ''qiššû’'' "cucumber" ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/11.5?lang=eng Number 11:5]), as if "Squash-, Gourd-field;" and (2) Sumerian akuš, a<sub>2</sub>-kuš<sub>3</sub>; a<sub>2</sub>-1(diš)-kuš (= Akkadian ''ammatu'' "forearm; cubit").<ref>Hayim Tawil, ''An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew'' (Jersey City, NJ: KTAV, 2009), 23-4.</ref>
 
In connection with the name <b>A<small>GOSH</small></b> one may also compare the Old Babylonian ''Hymn of Agushaya'' about Ishtar/Inanna.<ref>Tikva Frymer-Kensky, ''In the Wake of the Goddesses'' (New York: Free Press, 1992), 30-1, 67, 78.</ref>


See [[AKISH|A<small>KISH</small>]], [[KISH|K<small>ISH</small>]]
See [[AKISH|A<small>KISH</small>]], [[KISH|K<small>ISH</small>]]
Hirsch Miller Hebrew: ʼagāš


'''Variants'''
'''Variants'''
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[[Category:Names]][[Category:Jaredite GN]]
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Jaredite GN]]
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[ADAM|<<]] Agosh [[AHA|>>]] </div>
==[[Name Index]]==
<big>
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|[[A]]
|[[B]]
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|[[D]]
|[[E]]
|<font color="lightgray">F</font>
|[[G]]
|[[H]]
|[[I]]
|[[J]]
|[[K]]
|[[L]]
|[[M]]
|[[N]]
|[[O]]
|[[P]]
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font>
|[[R]]
|[[S]]
|[[T]]
|[[U]]
|<font color="lightgray">V</font>
|<font color="lightgray">W</font>
|<font color="lightgray">X</font>
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font>
|[[Z]]
|}

Latest revision as of 07:56, 22 June 2023

Jaredite GN 1. Plains (Ether 14:15, 16)

Etymology

Until possible language affinities for JAREDITE names can be determined, all suggestions for etymologies of JAREDITE names must remain more speculative than substantive. With that caveat, the onomasticon does offer etymologies for some JAREDITE names, especially if it is possible that some JAREDITE names were translated into NEPHITE, or were otherwise related to one or more Semitic languages.

One may compare, for example, the eponymous Aramean GN Bit Agush[1] (Bit Agusi) from Arpad in west Syria.[2]

Another excellent proposal is Sumerian akuš, a₂-gu₂-šu, a2-kuš2 "toil, labor" (= Akkadian manahtu "toils").[3]

AGOSH may be related to AKISH, since they are in the same vicinity and may be variant stems of the same root and express a common quality (PYH). Cf. KJV Ikkesh from Hebrew PN עקש ˁIqqēš "Crooked" (2 Samuel 23:26, 1 Chronicles 11:28, 27:9), from Hebrew עקש ˁqš "twist, pervert," which could be a good name for a wilderness in which sore battles took place (RFS, JAT).[4] Reynolds and Sjodahl suggested use of the same Semitic root, meaning "to be froward, false."[5]

Cf. SUmerian AGA’US, aga-us2 (aga-uš), aga3-us2 (aga3-uš) "soldier."[6] Cf. the famous Chicago football stadium, "Soldier Field."[7]

Cf. Akkadian aggiš' "furiosly," from Akkadian aggu, uggu = Sumerian ug, ug2 "(to be) furious; anger."[8]

Other Sumerian and Akkadian etymologies may also be proposed for AGOSH: (1) Sumerian UKÚŠ, ukuš2, u2-kuš8 "sucumber, squash, qourd" = Akkadian qiššû = Hebrew qiššû’ "cucumber" (Number 11:5), as if "Squash-, Gourd-field;" and (2) Sumerian akuš, a2-kuš3; a2-1(diš)-kuš (= Akkadian ammatu "forearm; cubit").[9]

In connection with the name AGOSH one may also compare the Old Babylonian Hymn of Agushaya about Ishtar/Inanna.[10]

See AKISH, KISH Hirsch Miller Hebrew: ʼagāš

Variants

Deseret Alphabet: 𐐁𐐘𐐉𐐟 (eɪɡɒʃ)

Notes

  1. ↑ Alan R. Millard, “Abraham,” in ed. David N. Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary ((New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1:38.
  2. ↑ E. Meyers, ed., Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 1:85-86, 5:132.
  3. ↑ http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/dcclt/cbd/sux/summaries.html ; ePSD.
  4. ↑ Bruce Metzger, ed., “Topical Index to the Bible,” 99, in his NRSV Complete Concordance (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1991).
  5. ↑ Reynolds & Sjodahl, 'CBM', VI:41.
  6. ↑ ePSD = Akkadian rēdû "soldier, private"; Sumerian AGA/UKU-ÚS/AGA-ÚS/UŠ.
  7. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldier_Field .
  8. ↑ ePSD.
  9. ↑ Hayim Tawil, An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew (Jersey City, NJ: KTAV, 2009), 23-4.
  10. ↑ Tikva Frymer-Kensky, In the Wake of the Goddesses (New York: Free Press, 1992), 30-1, 67, 78.
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