https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Rlc42&feedformat=atomBook of Mormon Onomasticon - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T15:56:17ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.4https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ENOS&diff=13297ENOS2017-09-28T16:27:16Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Scribe, son of [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]], and father of [[JAROM|J<small>AROM</small>]], between 544-420 B.C. ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jacob/7.27?lang=eng#26 Jacob 7:27]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/enos/1.1,%205,%206,%2011,%2017,%2019?lang=eng#primary Enos 1:1, 5, 6, 11, 17, 19]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jarom/1.1?lang=eng#primary Jarom 1:1])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
[[King James Version|KJV]] <br />
Enos was the son of Book of Mormon prophet [[JACOB|Jacob]]. The [[Personal Noun|PN]] '''E<small>NOS</small>''' is from the [[HEBRW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''ʾĕnôš'' "men, humankind."<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], s.v.; [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] "Bible Dictionary," s.v., ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bd/enos?lang=eng&letter=e Enos]).</ref> Matthew Bowen argues for a wordplay at the intorduction of '''E<small>NOS</small>''' as son of a just "man" ''ʾĕnôš''.<ref>[[Matthew L. Bowen|Bowen, Matthew L.]] "Wordplay on the Name 'Enos'," ''[[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]]'' [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=26&num=3&id=459 ''Insights'', #178, 26/3 (2006)].</ref><br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐀𐐤𐐊𐐝 (iːnʌs), 𐐀𐐤𐐊𐐞 (iːnʌz)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
*[[Matthew L. Bowen|Bowen, Matthew L.]], ''“I Kneeled Down Before My Maker”: Allusions to Esau in the Book of Enos''. [http://www.mormoninterpreter.com/i-kneeled-down-before-my-maker-allusions-to-esau-in-the-book-of-enos/ Interpreter: A Journal of Mormon Scripture 27 (2017): 29-56].<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]]<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"> [[EMRON|<<]] Enos [[EPHAH|>>]] </div><br />
<br />
==[[Name Index]]==<br />
<big><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[A]]<br />
|[[B]]<br />
|[[C]]<br />
|[[D]]<br />
|[[E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[G]]<br />
|[[H]]<br />
|[[I]]<br />
|[[J]]<br />
|[[K]]<br />
|[[L]]<br />
|[[M]]<br />
|[[N]]<br />
|[[O]]<br />
|[[P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[R]]<br />
|[[S]]<br />
|[[T]]<br />
|[[U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Z]]<br />
|}</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Chart&diff=12078Chart2015-07-01T17:41:39Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>The chart may be downloaded for ease of printing [[media:Onoma_Chart.pdf]]<br />
<br />
It is also available in a [https://atom.lib.byu.edu/onoma dynamic search and list creation tool]<br />
<br />
Abbreviations<br />
hpx=hapax legomenon (single occurrence), N=Nephite, L=Lamanite, P=Personal Name, G=Geographic Name, D=Divine Name, NT=New Testament<br />
<table border="1" style="width:99%"> <br />
<tr> <br />
<td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:1.3%;"><b>#</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:11.7%;"><b>Name</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:7.41%;"><b>Only in Book of Mormon</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:11.6%;"><b>Only in Small Plates, Lehite, Mulekite</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:11.18%;"><b>Small Plates, Lehite, Mulekite Name</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:4.88%;"><b>Only in Jaredite</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:4.45%"><b>Jaredite Name</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:6.05%"><b>Only in Brass Plates</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:5.68%"><b>Brass Plates Name</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:3.95%"><b>Only in Bible</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:5.31%"><b>Bible Name</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:12.48%"><b>Biblical &amp; Small Plates, Lehite, Mulekite</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:5.68%"><b>Biblical &amp; Jaredite</b> <br />
</td><td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;width:8.28%"><b>Biblical &amp; Book of Mormon</b> <br />
</td></tr> <br />
</table><br />
<div style="overflow: auto;height: 600px; width: 100%;"><br />
{| border="1" style="width:100%" {{table}}<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''#'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Name'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Only in Book of Mormon'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Only in Small Plates, Lehite, Mulekite'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Small Plates, Lehite, Mulekite Name'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Only in Jaredite'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Jaredite Name'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Only in Brass Plates'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Brass Plates Name'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Only in Bible'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Bible Name'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Biblical & Small Plates, Lehite, Mulekite'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Biblical & Jaredite'''<br />
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Biblical & Book of Mormon'''<br />
|-<br />
| 1||[[AARON]]||||||P (N), G (N), P (L) ||||P||||||||P||1||1||1<br />
|-<br />
| 2||[[ABEL]]||||||||||||||||1||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 3||[[ABINADI]]||1||1||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 4||[[ABINADOM]]||2||2||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 5||[[ABISH]]||3||3||P (L) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 6||[[ABLOM]]||4||||||1||G hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 7||[[ABRAHAM]]||||||||||||||||2||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 8||[[ADAM]]||||||||||||||||3||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 9||[[AGOSH]]||5||||||2||G||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 10||[[AHA]]||6||4||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 11||[[AHAH]]||7||||||3||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 12||[[AHAZ]]||||||||||||||||4||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 13||[[AIATH]]||||||||||||||||5||G hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 14||[[AKISH]]||8||||||4||P, G||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 15||[[ALMA]]||9||5||P (N), G, P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 16||[[ALPHA]]||||||||||||||||6||D (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 17||[[AMALEKI]]||10||6||P (N), P (M)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 18||[[Amalekite(s) Amlicite(s) Variant|Amalekite(s) Amlicite(s)]]||||||gentilic (N)||||||||||||gentilic||2||||2<br />
|-<br />
| 19||[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amalickiah / Ameleckiah]]||11||7||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 20||[[AMALICKIAHITES]]||12||8||gentilic (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 21||[[AMARON]]||13||9||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 22||[[AMGID]]||14||||||5||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 23||[[AMINADAB]]||||||P (N)||||||||||||P[1]||3||||3<br />
|-<br />
| 24||[[AMINADI]]||15||10||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 25||[[AMLICI]]||16||11||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 26||[[AMLICITES]]||17||12||gentilic (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 27||[[AMMAH]]||||||P (N)||||||||||||G hpx||4||||4<br />
|-<br />
| 28||[[AMMARON]]||18||13||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 29||[[AMMON]]||19||14||P (M), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 30||[[AMMONIHAH]]||20||15||G (N), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 31||[[AMMONIHAHITES]]||21||16||gentilic (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 32||[[AMMONITES]]||||||gentilic||||||||||||gentilic||5||||5<br />
|-<br />
| 33||[[AMMORON]]||22||17||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 34||[[AMNIGADDAH]]||23||||||6||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 35||[[AMNIHU]]||24||18||G (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 36||[[AMNOR]]||25||19||P (N), noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 37||[[AMORON]]||26||20||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 38||[[AMOS]]||||||P (N), P (N)||||||||||||P||6||||6<br />
|-<br />
| 39||[[AMOZ]]||||||||||||||||7||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 40||[[Amulek Variant|Amulek/Amalick]]||27||21||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 41||[[AMULON]]||28||22||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 42||[[AMULONITES]]||29||23||gentilic (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 43||[[ANATHOTH]]||||||||||||||||8||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 44||[[Angola / Angolah Variant|Angola/Angolah]]||30||24||G (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 45||[[ANI-ANTI]]||31||25||G (L) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 46||[[ANTI-NEPHI-LEHI|ANTI-NEPHI-LEHI]]||32||26||P (L)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 47||[[ANTI-NEPHI-LEHIES|ANTI-NEPHI-LEHIES]]||33||27||gentilic (L) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 48||[[ANTIOMNO]]||34||28||P (L) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 49||[[ANTION]]||35||29||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 50||[[ANTIONAH]]||36||30||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 51||[[Antionum Variant|Antionum/Antionam]]||37||31||G (N), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 52||[[ANTIPARAH]]||38||32||G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 53||[[ANTIPAS]]||||||G||||||||||||P (NT)||7||||7<br />
|-<br />
| 54||[[ANTIPUS]]||39||33||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 55||[[ANTUM]]||40||34||G (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 56||[[ARCHEANTUS]]||41||35||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 57||[[ARPAD]]||||||||||||||||9||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 58||[[ASSYRIA]]||||||||||||||||10||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 59||[[ASSYRIAN]]||||||||||||||||11||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 60||[[Babylon Variant|Babylon/Babalon]]||||||||||||||||12||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 61||[[BASHAN]]||||||||||||||||13||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 62||[[BATH]]||||||||||||||||14||noun hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 63||[[BENJAMIN]]||||||P (N)||||||||||||P||8||||8<br />
|-<br />
| 64||[[Bethabara / Bethebara Variant|Bethabara / Bethebara]]||||||||||||||||15||G (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 65||[[BOAZ]]||||||G (N) hpx||||||||||||P, noun||9||||9<br />
|-<br />
| 66||[[CAIN]]||||||||||||||||16||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 67||[[CALNO]]||||||||||||||||17||G hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 68||[[CARCHEMISH]]||||||||||||||||18||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 69||[[CEZORAM]]||42||36||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 70||[[CHALDEANS]]||||||||||||||||19||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 71||[[CHALDEES]]||||||||||||||||20||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 72||[[CHEMISH]]||43||37||P (N)||||||||||||D- Chemosh?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 73||[[CHERUBIM]]||||||||||||||||21||noun[2]||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 74||[[CHRIST]]||||||||||||||||22||D (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 75||[[CHRISTIANS]]||||||||||||||||23||gentilic (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 76||[[COHOR]]||44||||||7||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 77||[[COM]]||45||||||8||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 78||[[Comnor / Comron Variant|Comnor/Comron]]||46||||||9||G||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 79||[[Corianton / Coreanton Variant|Corianton/Coreanton]]||47||38||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 80||[[CORIANTOR]]||48||||||10||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 81||[[CORIANTUM]]||49||||||11||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 82||[[Coriantumr / Coriantummer Variant|Coriantumr / Coriantummer]]||50||||P (N)||||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 83||[[CORIHOR]] See also [[KORIHOR]]||51||||||12||P, P, G||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 84||[[COROM]]||52||||||13||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 85||[[CUMENI]]||53||39||G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 86||[[CUMENIHAH]]||54||40||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 87||[[CUMOMS]]||55||||||14||noun||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 88||[[Cumorah / Camorah / Comorah Variant|Cumorah/Camorah/Comorah]]||56||41||G||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 89||[[CURELOMS]]||57||||||15||noun||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 90||[[CUSH]]||||||||||||||||24||P, G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 91||[[DAMASCUS]]||||||||||||||||25||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 92||[[DAVID]]||||||G (N)||||||||||||P||10||||10<br />
|-<br />
| 93||[[DESERET]]||58||||||16||noun hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 94||[[EDEN]]||||||||||||||||26||G, P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 95||[[EDOM]]||||||||||||||||27||G, P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 96||[[EGYPT]]||||||||||||||||28||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 97||[[EGYPTIAN(S)]]||||||||||||||||29||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 98||[[ELAM]]||||||||||||||||30||G, P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 99||[[ELIJAH]]||||||||||||||||31||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 100||[[EMER]]||59||||||17||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 101||[[EMRON]]||60||42||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 102||[[ENOS]]||||||P (N)||||||||||||P||11||||11<br />
|-<br />
| 103||[[EPHAH]]||||||||||||||||32||G, P, noun||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 104||[[EPHRAIM]]||||||||||G||||||||P, G||||2||12<br />
|-<br />
| 105||[[ESROM]]||||||||||P hpx||||||||P (NT), P- Hezron?||||3||13<br />
|-<br />
| 106||[[Ethem/Etham Variant|Ethem/Etham]]||61||||||18||P||||||||G- Etham?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 107||[[ETHER]]||||||||||P||||||||G||||4||14<br />
|-<br />
| 108||[[EVE]]||||||||||||||||33||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 109||[[Ezias/Ezaias Variant|Ezias/Ezaias]]||||||||||||1||P hpx||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 110||[[Ezrum/Ezrom Variant|Ezrum/Ezrom]]||62||43||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 111||[[GAD]]||||||G hpx||||||||||||P, G||12||||15<br />
|-<br />
| 112||[[GADIANDI]]||63||44||G hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 113||[[Gadianton / Gaddianton Variant|Gadianton / Gaddianton]]||64||45||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 114||[[GADIOMNAH]]||65||46||G hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 115||[[GALILEE]]||||||||||||||||34||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 116||[[GALLIM]]||||||||||||||||35||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 117||[[GAZELEM]]||66||47||P hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 118||[[GEBA]]||||||||||||||||36||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 119||[[GEBIM]]||||||||||||||||37||G hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 120||[[GIBEAH]]||||||||||||||||38||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 121||[[GID]]||67||48||G (N), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 122||[[GIDDIANHI]]||68||49||P||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 123||[[GIDDONAH]]||69||50||P (N), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 124||[[GIDEON]]||||||P (N), G (N), G (N)||||||||||||P||13||||16<br />
|-<br />
| 125||[[GIDGIDDONAH]]||70||51||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 126||[[GIDGIDDONI]]||71||52||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 127||[[GILEAD]]||||||||||P||||||||G, P||||5||17<br />
|-<br />
| 128||[[GILGAH]]||72||||||19||P hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 129||[[GILGAL]]||||||G, P[3] (N)||||G||||||||G||14||6||18<br />
|-<br />
| 130||[[GIMGIMNO]]||73||53||G hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 131||[[GOMORRAH]]||||||||||||||||39||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 132||[[HAGOTH]]||74||54||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 133||[[HAMATH]]||||||||||||||||40||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 134||[[HEARTHOM]]||75||||||20||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 135||[[Helam / Helem / Helaman Variant|Helam/Helaman]]||||||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||G||15||||19<br />
|-<br />
| 136||[[Helam / Helem / Helaman Variant|Helaman/Helumun*]]||76||55||P (N), P (N), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 137||[[HELEM]]||||||P (M) hpx||||||||||||P||16||||20<br />
|-<br />
| 138||[[HELORUM]]||77||56||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 139||[[HEM]]||78||57||P (M) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 140||[[HERMOUNTS]]||79||58||G hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 141||[[HESHLON]]||80||||||21||G hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 142||[[HETH]]||||||||||P, G||||||||P||||7||21<br />
|-<br />
| 143||[[HIMNI]]||81||59||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 144||[[HOMER]]||||||||||||||||41||noun||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 145||[[HOREB]]||||||||||||||||42||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 146||[[HOSANNA]]||||||||||||||||43||noun||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 147||[[IMMANUEL]]||||||||||||||||44||D||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 148||[[IRREANTUM]]||82||60||G hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 149||[[ISAAC]]||||||||||||||||45||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 150||[[ISABEL]]||83||61||P hpx||||||||||||P- Jezebel?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 151||[[ISAIAH]]||||||P (N)||||||||||||P||17||||22<br />
|-<br />
| 152||[[ISHMAEL]]||||||P, P (N), G||||||||||||P||18||||23<br />
|-<br />
| 153||[[ISHMAELITES]]||||||gentilic (L)||||||||||||gentilic||19||||24<br />
|-<br />
| 154||[[ISHMAELITISH]]||84||62||gentilic (L) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 155||[[ISRAEL]]||||||||||||||||46||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 156||[[ISRAELITES]]||||||||||||||||47||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 157||[[JACOB]]||||||P, P (N), P (N), G||||||||||||P||20||||25<br />
|-<br />
| 158||[[JACOBITES]]||85||63||gentilic||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 159||[[Jacobugath / / Jacob Ugath / Jacob-Ugath Variant|Jacobugath/Jacob Ugath]]||86||64||G (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 160||[[JACOM]]||87||||||22||P hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 161||[[JARED]]||||||||||P||||||||P||||8||26<br />
|-<br />
| 162||[[JAREDITES]]||88||||||23||gentilic hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 163||[[JAROM]]||89||65||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 164||[[JASHON]]||90||66||G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 165||[[JEBERECHIAH]]||||||||||||||||48||P hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 166||[[JEHOVAH]]||||||||||||||||49||D||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 167||[[JENEUM]]||91||67||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 168||[[Jeremiah / Jeramiah Variant|Jeremiah/Jeramiah]]||||||P (N)||||||||||||P||21||||27<br />
|-<br />
| 169||[[JERSHON]]||92||68||G (N)||||||||||||P- Gershon?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 170||[[JERUSALEM]]||||||G (L)||||||||||||G||22||||28<br />
|-<br />
| 171||[[JESSE]]||||||||||||||||50||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 172||[[JESUS|JESUS/JESUSCHRIST]]||||||||||||||||51||D (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 173||[[JEW(S)]]||||||||||||||||52||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 174||[[JOHN]]||||||||||||||||53||P (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 175||[[JONAS]]||||||P (N), P (N)||||||||||||P (NT)||23||||29<br />
|-<br />
| 176||[[Jordan / Jordon Variant|Jordan/Jordon]]||||||G (N)||||||||||||G||24||||30<br />
|-<br />
| 177||[[JOSEPH]]||||||P||||||||||||P||25||||31<br />
|-<br />
| 178||[[JOSEPHITES]]||93||69||gentilic||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 179||[[JOSH]]||94||70||G, P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 180||[[JOSHUA]]||||||G hpx||||||||||||P||26||||32<br />
|-<br />
| 181||[[JOTHAM]]||||||||||||||||54||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 182||[[Judah / Juda Variant|Judah/Juda]]||||||||||||||||55||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 183||[[Judea / Judeah Variant|Judea / Judeah]]||||||G (N)||||||||||||G||27||||33<br />
|-<br />
| 184||[[KIB]]||95||||||24||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 185||[[KIM]]||96||||||25||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 186||[[KIMNOR]]||97||||||26||P hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 187||[[KISH]]||||||||||P||||||||P||||9||34<br />
|-<br />
| 188||[[KISHKUMEN]]||98||71||P, G||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 189||[[KORIHOR]] See also [[CORIHOR]]||99||72||P||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 190||[[KUMEN]]||100||73||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 191||[[KUMENONHI]]||101||74||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 192||[[LABAN]]||||||P||||||||||||P||28||||35<br />
|-<br />
| 193||[[Lachoneus / Lachoneas Variants|Lachoneus / Lachoneas]]||102||75||P (N), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 194||[[LAISH]]||||||||||||||||56||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 195||[[LAMAH]]||103||76||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 196||[[Laman / Lamen / Lamman / Lammun Variants|Laman/Lamen/Lamman/Lammun]]||104||77||P (L), G hpx, P (L), P (L), P (N), G||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 197||[[LAMANITE(S)]]||105||78||gentilic||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 198||[[LAMANITISH]]||106||79||gentilic||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 199||[[LAMONI]]||107||80||P (L)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 200||[[LEAH]]||||||noun (N) hpx||||||||||||P||29||||36<br />
|-<br />
| 201||[[LEBANON]]||||||||||||||||57||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 202||[[LEHI]]||||||P, P (N), G, HP||||||||||||G||30||||37<br />
|-<br />
| 203||[[LEHI-NEPHI|LEHI-NEPHI]]||108||81||G||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 204||[[Lehonti / Lahonti Variants|Lehonti/Lahonti]]||109||82||P (L)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 205||[[Lemuel / Lemual Variants|Lemuel / Lemual]]||||||P (L), G, G (L)||||||||||||P||31||||38<br />
|-<br />
| 206||[[LEMUELITES]]||110||83||gentilic||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 207||[[LEVI]]||||||||||P||||||||P||||10||39<br />
|-<br />
| 208||[[LIAHONA]]||111||84||noun hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 209||[[LIB]]||112||||||27||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 210||[[LIMHAH]]||113||85||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 211||[[LIMHER]]||114||86||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 212||[[LIMHI]]||115||87||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 213||[[LIMNAH]]||116||88||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 214||[[LUCIFER]]||||||||||||||||58||P hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 215||[[LURAM]]||117||89||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 216||[[MADMENAH]]||||||||||||||||59||G hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 217||[[MAHAH]]||118||||||28||P hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 218||[[MAHER-SHALAL-HASH-BAZ]]||||||||||||||||60||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 219||[[MAHONRI]]||||||||||P[4]+F364||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 220||[[MALACHI]]||||||||||||||||61||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 221||[[MAMMON]]||||||||||||||||62||noun (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 222||[[MANASSEH]]||||||||||||||||63||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 223||[[MANNA]]||||||||||||||||64||noun||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 224||[[MANTI]]||119||90||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 225||[[MARY]]||||||||||||||||65||P (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 226||[[MATHONI]]||120||91||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 227||[[MATHONIHAH]]||121||92||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 228||[[MEDES]]||||||||||||||||66||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 229||[[Melchizedek / Melchezidek / Melchesidek Variants|Melchizedek/Melchesidek]]||||||||||||||||67||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 230||[[MELEK]]||122||93||G||||||||||||P hpx- Melicu?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 231||[[Messiah / Masiah / Jesus Christ / Mosiah Variants|Messiah/Masiah]]||||||||||||||||68||D||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 232||[[MICHMASH]]||||||||||||||||69||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 233||[[MIDDONI]]||123||94||G (L)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 234||[[MIDIAN]]||||||G (L) hpx||||||||||||P, G||32||||40<br />
|-<br />
| 235||[[MIGRON]]||||||||||||||||70||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 236||[[MINON]]||124||95||G hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 237||[[MOAB]]||||||||||||||||71||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 238||[[MOCUM]]||125||96||G hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 239||[[MORIANCUMER]]||126||||||29||G hpx, P[5]||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 240||[[Morianton / Morionton Variants|Morianton/Morionton]]||127||||P (N), G (N)||||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 241||[[MORIANTUM]]||128||97||G (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 242||[[MORMON]]||129||98||G, P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 243||[[MORON]]||130||||||30||P, G||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 244||[[MORONI]]||131||99||P (N), G (N), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 245||[[MORONIHAH]]||132||100||P (N), G, P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 246||[[MOSES]]||||||||||||||||72||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 247||[[MOSIAH]]||133||101||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 248||[[Mulek / Muloch Variants|Mulek/Muloch]]||134||102||P, G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 249||[[MULOKI]]||135||103||P||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 250||[[NAHOM]]||136||104||G hpx||||||||||||P hpx- Nahum?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 251||[[NAPHTALI]]||||||||||||||||73||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 252||[[Nazareth / nathareth Variants|Nazareth/Nathareth]]||||||||||||||||74||G (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 253||[[NEAS]]||137||105||noun (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 254||[[NEHOR]]||138||||P||||G||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 255||[[NEPHI]]||139||106||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 256||[[NEPHIHAH]]||140||107||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 257||[[NEPHITE(S)]]||141||108||gentilic||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 258||[[NEUM]]||||||||||||2||P hpx||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 259||[[NIMRAH]]||||||||||P||||||||G hpx||||11||41<br />
|-<br />
| 260||[[NIMROD]]||||||||||P, G||||||||P, G||||12||42<br />
|-<br />
| 261||[[NOAH]]||||||P (N), G (N)||||P||||||||P||33||13||43<br />
|-<br />
| 262||[[NOB]]||||||||||||||||75||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 263||[[OGATH]]||142||||||31||G hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 264||[[OMEGA]]||||||||||||||||76||D (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 265||[[OMER]]||||||||||P||||||||noun||||14||44<br />
|-<br />
| 266||[[OMNER]]||143||109||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 267||[[OMNI]]||144||110||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 268||[[Onidah / Oneidah Variants|Onidah/Oneidah]]||145||111||G||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 269||[[ONIHAH]]||146||112||G hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 270||[[Onti(es) / anti(es) Variants|Onti(es)/anti(es)]]||147||113||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 271||[[OPHIR]]||||||||||||||||77||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 272||[[OREB]]||||||||||||||||78||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 273||[[ORIHAH]]||148||||||32||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 274||[[PAANCHI]]||149||114||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 275||[[PACHUS]]||150||115||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 276||[[PACUMENI]]||151||116||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 277||[[PAGAG]]||152||||||33||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 278||[[Pahoran / Pahoron / Parhoron Variants|Pahoran/Pahoron]]||153||117||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 279||[[PALESTINA]]||||||||||||||||79||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 280||[[PATHROS]]||||||||||||||||80||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 281||[[PEKAH]]||||||||||||||||81||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 282||[[PHARAOH]]||||||||||||||||82||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 283||[[PHILISTINES]]||||||||||||||||83||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 284||[[RABBANAH]]||154||118||P||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 285||[[RACA]]||||||||||||||||84||noun (NT)||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 286||[[RAHAB]]||||||||||||||||85||noun||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 287||[[RAMAH]]||||||||||G||||||||G||||15||45<br />
|-<br />
| 288||[[RAMATH]]||||||||||||||||86||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 289||[[RAMEUMPTOM]]||155||119||noun (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 290||[[RED SEA]]||||||||||||||||87||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 291||[[REMALIAH]]||||||||||||||||88||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 292||[[REZIN]]||||||||||||||||89||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 293||[[RIPLAH]]||156||120||G||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 294||[[RIPLAKISH]]||157||||||34||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 295||[[RIPLIANCUM]]||158||||||35||G hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 296||[[SALEM]]||||||||||||||||90||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 297||[[SAM]]||159||121||P||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 298||[[SAMARIA]]||||||||||||||||91||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 299||[[SAMUEL]]||||||P (L)||||||||||||P||34||||46<br />
|-<br />
| 300||[[SARAH]]||||||||||||||||92||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 301||[[SARIAH]]||160||122||P||||||||||||P- Seraiah?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 302||[[SATAN]]||||||||||||||||93||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 303||[[SAUL]]||||||||||||||||94||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 304||[[SEANTUM]]||161||123||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 305||[[SEBUS]]||162||124||G (L)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 306||[[SEEZORAM]]||163||125||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 307||[[SENINE]]||164||126||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 308||[[SENUM(S)]]||165||127||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 309||[[Seon / sean Variants|Seon/Sean]]||166||128||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 310||[[Seraphim / seraphims Variants|Seraphim/seraphims]]||||||||||||||||95||noun[6]||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 311||[[SETH]]||||||||||P||||||||P||||16||47<br />
|-<br />
| 312||[[SHARED]]||167||||||36||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 313||[[SHAZER]]||168||129||G||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 314||[[SHEARJASHUB]]||||||||||||||||96||P hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 315||[[SHELEM]]||169||||||37||G hpx||||||||P- Shelemiah?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 316||[[SHEM]]||||||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||P||35||||48<br />
|-<br />
| 317||[[SHEMLON]]||170||130||G (L)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 318||[[SHEMNON]]||171||131||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 319||[[SHEREM]]||172||132||P||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 320||[[SHERRIZAH]]||173||133||G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 321||[[SHEUM]]||174||134||noun (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 322||[[SHEZ]]||175||||||38||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 323||[[SHIBLOM]]||176||||P (N)||||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 324||[[SHIBLON]]||177||||P (N), noun (N)||||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 325||[[Shiblum / shillum / shilum Variants|Shiblum/Shillum]]||178||135||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 326||[[SHILOAH]]||||||||||||||||97||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 327||[[SHILOM]]||179||136||G (L)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 328||[[SHIM]]||180||||G||||G||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 329||[[SHIMNILOM]]||181||137||G (L) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 330||[[SHINAR]]||||||||||||||||98||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 331||[[SHIZ]]||182||||||39||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 332||[[SHULE]]||183||||||40||P||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 333||[[SHUM]]||184||138||noun (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 334||[[SHURR]]||185||||||41||G||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 335||[[SIDOM]]||186||139||G||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 336||[[SIDON]]||||||G||||||||||||P, G||36||||49<br />
|-<br />
| 337||[[SINAI]]||||||||||||||||99||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 338||[[SINIM]]||||||||||||||||100||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 339||[[SIRON]]||187||140||G (L) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 340||[[SODOM]]||||||||||||||||101||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 341||[[SOLOMON]]||||||||||||||||102||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 342||[[SYRIA]]||||||||||||||||103||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 343||[[SYRIANS]]||||||||||||||||104||gentilic||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 344||[[TABEAL]]||||||||||||||||105||P hpx||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 345||[[TARSHISH]]||||||||||||||||106||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 346||[[TEANCUM]]||188||141||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 347||[[TEOMNER]]||189||142||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 348||[[TIMOTHY]]||||||P (N) hpx||||||||||||P (NT)||37||||50<br />
|-<br />
| 349||[[TUBALOTH]]||190||143||P (L) hpx||||||||||||P, G- Tubal?||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 350||[[URIAH]]||||||||||||||||107||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 351||[[UZZIAH]]||||||||||||||||108||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 352||[[ZARAHEMLA]]||191||144||P (M), G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 353||[[Zebulun / Zebulon Variants|Zebulun/Zebulon]]||||||||||||||||109||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 354||[[ZECHARIAH]]||||||||||||||||110||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 355||[[Zedekiah / Zedeciah Variants|Zedekiah/Zedeciah]]||||||||||||||||111||P||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 356||[[ZEEZROM]]||192||145||P (N), G (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 357||[[ZEMNARIHAH]]||193||146||P||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 358||[[ZENEPHI]]||194||147||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 359||[[ZENIFF]]||195||148||P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 360||[[ZENOCK]]||||||||||||3||P||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 361||[[ZENOS]]||||||||||||4||P||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 362||[[ZERAHEMNAH]]||196||149||P (L)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 363||[[ZERAM]]||197||150||P (N) hpx||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 364||[[ZERIN]]||198||||||42||G hpx||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 365||[[ZIFF]]||199||151||noun||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 366||[[ZION]]||||||||||||||||112||G||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 367||[[Zoram / Zorum Variants|Zoram/Zorum]]||200||152||P, P (N), P (N)||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
| 368||[[ZORAMITE(S)]]*||201||153||gentilic||||||||||||||||||<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| '''TOTALS:'''||'''201'''||'''153'''||||'''42'''||||'''4'''||||'''112'''||||'''37'''||'''16'''||'''50'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
</div><br />
[1]Spelled Amminadab in the Old Testament and Aminadab in the New Testament<br />
[2] In the King James version, the plural cherubim ends in an s (cherubims) in all instances.<br />
[3]Only late, in Mormon 6:14.<br />
[4] This name is not found in Book of Mormon, but Joseph Smith revealed it to be that of the brother of Jared. See Oliver Cowdery, Times and Seasons II:362; [[George Reynolds]], Juvenile Instructor 27 (May 1, 1892): 282. <br />
[5] The personal name is not found in the Book of Mormon, but Joseph Smith revealed it to be that of the brother of Jared (CITE SOURCE)<br />
[6] In the King James version, the plural seraphim ends in an s (seraphims) in all instances, and also it does in the Book of Mormon PM 1830, etc .</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=File:Onoma_Chart.pdf&diff=12077File:Onoma Chart.pdf2015-07-01T17:28:19Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=12069Main Page2015-06-09T16:31:41Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
='''<small>The Laura F. Willes Center for Book of Mormon Studies</small><big><br>Book of Mormon Onomasticon</big>'''=<br />
{| border="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
==Contents==<br />
*[[Foreword]]<br />
*[[Introduction]]<br />
<big><br />
[[Name Index]]<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[A]]<br />
|[[B]]<br />
|[[C]]<br />
|[[D]]<br />
|[[E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[G]]<br />
|[[H]]<br />
|[[I]]<br />
|[[J]]<br />
|[[K]]<br />
|[[L]]<br />
|[[M]]<br />
|[[N]]<br />
|[[O]]<br />
|[[P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[R]]<br />
|[[S]]<br />
|[[T]]<br />
|[[U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Z]]<br />
|}<br />
<small><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
[[Variant Index]]<br />
|[[Aa|A]]<br />
|[[Bb|B]]<br />
|[[Cc|C]]<br />
|[[Dd|D]]<br />
|[[Ee|E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[Gg|G]]<br />
|[[Hh|H]]<br />
|[[Ii|I]]<br />
|[[Jj|J]]<br />
|[[Kk|K]]<br />
|[[Ll|L]]<br />
|[[Mm|M]]<br />
|[[Nn|N]]<br />
|[[Oo|O]]<br />
|[[Pp|P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[Rr|R]]<br />
|[[Ss|S]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">T</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">U</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Zz|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
[[Reverse Alphabetic Name Index]]<br />
<small><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[AR|A]]<br />
|[[BR|B]]<br />
|[[CR|C]]<br />
|[[DR|D]]<br />
|[[ER|E]]<br />
|[[FR|F]]<br />
|[[GR|G]]<br />
|[[HR|H]]<br />
|[[IR|I]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">J</font><br />
|[[KR|K]]<br />
|[[LR|L]]<br />
|[[MR|M]]<br />
|[[NR|N]]<br />
|[[OR|O]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">P</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[RR|R]]<br />
|[[SR|S]]<br />
|[[TR|T]]<br />
|[[UR|U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|[[WR|W]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|[[YR|Y]]<br />
|[[ZR|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
<big><br />
[[Reverse Variant Index]]<br />
|[[AaR|A]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">B</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">C</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">D</font><br />
|[[EeR|E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">G</font><br />
|[[HhR|H]]<br />
|[[IiR|I]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">J</font><br />
|[[KkR|K]]<br />
|[[LlR|L]]<br />
|[[MmR|M]]<br />
|[[NnR|N]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">O</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">P</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[RrR|R]]<br />
|[[SsR|S]]<br />
|[[TtR|T]]<br />
|[[UuR|U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|[[YyR|Y]]<br />
|[[ZzR|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt" <br />
|-<br />
===Appendices===<br />
*[[Names by Plates]]<br />
*[[Chart]]<br />
*[[Bibliography]]<br />
*[[Abbreviations]]<br />
*[[Principals]]<br />
*[[Fun Facts]]<br />
*[[Hebrew transcriptions]]<br />
===Links===<br />
*[[:Category:Pearl of Great Price Names|Pearl of Great Price Onomasticon]]<br />
*[http://mi.byu.edu: Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship]<br />
*[http://www.lds.org: LDS.ORG]<br />
*[http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Encyclopedia_of_Mormonism The Encyclopedia of Mormonism]<br />
*[http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=70 A Comprehensive Annotated Book of Mormon Bibliography]<br />
*[http://josephsmithpapers.org/ The Joseph Smith Papers]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=AMALICKIAH&diff=12068AMALICKIAH2015-06-04T22:34:39Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Rebel who became king of the [[LAMANITE(S)|L<small>AMANITES</small>]], ca. 73–67 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/46.3,%204,%205,%206,%207,%2010,%2011,%2028,%2029,%2030,%2031,%2032,%2033?lang=eng#2 Alma 46:3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 28, 29, 30 (x3), 31, 32, 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/47.1,%203,%204,%2011,%2012,%2013,%2014,%2015,%2016,%2018,%2019,%2020,%2021,%2022,%2025,%2027,%2030,%2032,%2033,%2034,%2035?lang=eng#primary 47:1, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13 (x3), 14, 15 (x2), 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 (x2), 22, 25, 27 (x2), 30, 32, 33, 34, 35]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/48.1,%207?lang=eng#primary 48:1, 7]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/49.10,%2011,%2025?lang=eng#9 49:10, 11, 25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/51.9,%2011,%2012,%2023,%2025,%2027,%2030,%2032,%2033,%2037?lang=eng#8 51:9, 11, 12, 23 (x2), 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/52.1,%203?lang=eng#primary 52:1, 3 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/54.16?lang=eng#15 54:16]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/55.5?lang=eng#4 55:5]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/62.35?lang=eng#34 62:35])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
As with [[AMALEKI|A<small>MALEKI</small>]] and its gentilic, the temptation is to see the common Semitic root ''mlk'' or the biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] and gentilic ''ʿmlq'', Amalek. It is possible that the ending, -''iah'', is the theophoric [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] shortened form of the divine name ''yhwh'', Jehovah. If so, this would be the only instance in the Book of Mormon onomasticon. In the only other possible example, [[MOSIAH|M<small>OSIAH</small>]], the theophoric nature of -''iah'' is questionable. (All other names in the Book of Mormon with the -''iah'' ending are biblical.)<br />
<br />
The etymology based on biblical Amalek has strengths and weaknesses. It would account for the initial vowel (though the etymology is still unclear). But unless this was a name given to him by his enemies, it would be difficult to explain how a [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] could have a name based on an Old Testament people despised by the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREWS</small>]]. If it were given to him by the righteous [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITES</small>]], it would be difficult to explain why they would add the theophoric element ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). Note however the biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] of a priest in the days of King [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]], ''ʿbd-ʾdm'' Obed-Edom, which could be interpreted as “servant of [[EDOM|E<small>DOM</small>]],” the people who in later biblical periods, particularly in Hezekiah’s day, were despised by the Jews. <br />
<br />
A remote possibility, though hardly plausible, is a feminine form, ''ʿmlqyh'', Amalekiah, “Amalekitess,” which would explain all the vowels and consonants ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). <br />
<br />
It is possible that '''A<small>MALICKIAH</small>''' is related to [[AMALEKI|A<small>MALEKI</small>]], though the Book of Mormon consistently writes the latter with a “''k''” and the former with “''ck''.”<ref>For all the variant spellings of these names see [[Royal J. Skousen|Skousen]], Royal. ''Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon'' 6 Parts. Provo, UT: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]], 2005. For [[AMALEKI|A<small>MALEKI</small>]] see p. 1116 and for '''A<small>MALICKIAH</small>''' p. 2529. Also see [[Robert F. Smith|Smith, Robert F.]] ''Critical Text'' Second Edition. Provo, UT: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] 1986-7, Appendix III, “Book of Mormon Onomasticon Variants, 1225”).</ref><br />
<br />
If the ending is the theophoric name and the first element were somehow from the root ''mlk'', then it would have the ironic meaning “Yahweh is king” or “Yahweh rules,” borne by a man who contrived to make not God, but himself, king ([[John W. Welch|JWW]]). <br />
<br />
See Book of Mormon [[AMALEKI|A<small>MALEKI</small>]], [[AMLICI|A<small>MLICI</small>]], [[AMULEK|A<small>MULEK</small>]], [[MULEK|M<small>ULEK</small>]], [[MELEK|M<small>ELEK</small>]], et al.<br />
<br />
See also [[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amaleki]], [[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Ameleckiah]],<br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amaleckeah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amelickiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amelickidh]],<br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amalickaah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amaleckiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Aaalickiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amelickaah]],<br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amalkiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Ameleckiak]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amalickeah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amellckiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Ameleckeah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amalichiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amelechiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amelichiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Ammuckiah]], <br />
[[Amalickiah / Ameleckiah Variant|Amalekiah]]<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐈𐐣𐐈𐐢𐐆𐐗𐐌𐐂 (æmælɪkaɪɑː), 𐐈𐐣𐐈𐐢𐐆𐐄𐐌𐐂 (æmælɪoʊaɪɑː)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Robert_F._Smith&diff=12067Robert F. Smith2015-06-04T22:33:57Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Bibliography==<br />
*"Book of Mormon Event Structure: The Ancient Near East." ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 5/2 (1996): 98-147.<br />
*''Critical Text'' Second Edition. Provo, UT: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] 1986-7<br />
*“New Information About Mulek, Son of the King.” In ''Reexploring the Book of Mormon'', edited by [[John W. Welch]], 142-44. Provo: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]]/Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1992. <br />
*"Old World Languages in the New World." In ''Reexploring the Book of Mormon'', edited by [[John W. Welch]], 29-31. With [[John L. Sorenson]], [[Gordon C. Thomasson]], and [[Brian D. Stubbs]].<br />
*“Oracles & Talismans, Forgery & Pansophia: Joseph Smith, Jr., as a Renaissance Magus,” Typescript draft, August 1987, p. 52, n. 6.<br />
**Cited in: [[CUMORAH|C<small>UMORAH</small>]]<br />
*"Egyptianisms in the Book of Mormon," unpublished draft, p. 6.<br />
**Cited in: [[PACHUS|P<small>ACHUS</small>]], [[PACUMENI|P<small>ACUMENI</small>]], [[PAHORAN|P<small>AHORAN</small>]]<br />
*“Barley in Ancient America,” ''[[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] Update'', December 1983 and December 1984, reprinted in [[John W. Welch]], ed., ''Reexploring the Book of Mormon: The F.A.R.M.S. Updates'', 130-132. Provo: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]]/[[Salt Lake City|SLC]]: Deseret Book, 1992. With [[John L. Sorenson]].<br />
**Cited in: [[SHEUM|S<small>HEUM</small>]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Scholars]] [[Category:LDS Scholars]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=AMALEKI&diff=12066AMALEKI2015-06-04T22:32:46Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Scribe, most likely 2nd c. BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/omni/1.12,%2023,%2030?lang=eng#11 Omni 1:12, 23, 30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/w-of-m/1.3,%2010?lang=eng#2 Words of Mormon 1:3, 10])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2.<br />
|"Brother" of [[AMMON|A<small>MMON</small>]], ca. 121 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/7.6?lang=eng#5 Mosiah 7:6])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
It would be most tempting to relate this name to the biblical Amelik, ''ʿmlq''. Though as pointed out, it would be difficult to explain how a [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]]-dependent culture <br />
would use the name of a hated enemy ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), because the name would mean, with gentilic ending, “the Amalekite.” But the possibility cannot be ruled out. (For <br />
example, note the name of one of the priests during King [[DAVID|D<small>AVID</small>]]’s reign, Obed-Edom, meaning “servant of Edom” first mentioned in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/2_sam/6/10#10 2 Samuel 6:10].)<br />
<br />
Years ago, this and other names containing the English consonants ''mlk'' were connected with the common Semitic root meaning, depending on the language, “king; to rule; to <br />
advise, to counsel” ([[Angela Crowell|AC]]). The most common meaning in the West Semitic languages, including [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], is “to rule, be king; king.” Though this etymology is tempting, it <br />
leaves the initial and final vowels unexplained. Possibly the initial vowel could be an affix to form a place name and the final vowel could be the gentilic ending, which <br />
would yield the meaning, “the (one from) Malek.” <br />
<br />
Ebla contains the [[Personal Name|PN]] name ''a-ma-lik'' ([[Materiali Epigrafici di Ebla. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli.|''MEE'']] 2, pt. 1, 25 v. VIII: 14; and perhaps the same individual, 20 r. X:11), probably to be read “A-malik.” See also the many “''malik''” <br />
names in Amorite ([[I. J. Gelb, Computer-Aided Analysis of Amorite. Assyriological Studies, 21. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1980.|''CAAA'']], 152). But the initial vowel remains unexplained. As pointed out, it is probably not a prosthetic vowel because it does not break up a <br />
consonant cluster ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). See, however, ''[[Cyrus H. Gordon, Ugaritic Textbook. AnOr 38. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1965.|UT]]'', 8.40, for Ugaritic examples. <br />
<br />
Note that the Book of Mormon spellings for '''A<small>MALEKI</small>''' and [[AMALEKITES|A<small>MALEKITES</small>]] (Amalekites/Amalikites) are consistently spelled with a “''k'',” while [[AMALICKIAH|A<small>MALICKIAH</small>]], etc., and [[AMALICKIAHITES|A<small>MALICKIAHITES</small>]] are <br />
consistently written with a “''ck''”<ref>For all the variant spellings of these names see [[Royal J. Skousen|Skousen]], Royal. ''Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon'' 6 Parts. Provo, UT: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]], 2005. For '''A<small>MALEKI</small>''' see p. 1116 and for [[AMALICKIAH|A<small>MALICKIAH</small>]] p. 2529. Also see [[Robert F. Smith|Smith, Robert F.]] ''Critical Text'' Second Edition. Provo, UT: [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] 1986-7, Appendix III, “Book of Mormon Onomasticon Variants, 1225”).</ref> This would tend to <br />
indicate that these two sets of words are not to be taken from the same root. However, the variants Amlicite/Amlikite muddy the waters.<br />
<br />
[[John W. Welch]] suggests that “the Amalekite” may not be quite so unlikely. He posits “two possibilities: first, that [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]]’s desert experience had brought him and his group into <br />
sympathy or contact with this group, assuming they were not totally destroyed several centuries earlier, or second, that '''A<small>MALEKI</small>''' became an acceptable name among <br />
the tribe of [[EPHRAIM|E<small>PHRAIM</small>]], from which Eshmael descended, inasmuch as the [[AMALEKITES|A<small>MALEKITES</small>]] appear to have settled, possibly peacefully, as far north as the land of [[EPHRAIM|E<small>PHRAIM</small>]] <br />
where a mountain was named after them.”<br />
<br />
[[George Reynolds]] has made the highly unlikely suggestion that '''A<small>MALEKI</small>''' and [[AMALICKIAH|A<small>MALICKIAH</small>]] mean “The king of Jehovah” [[George Reynolds and Janne M. Sjodahl, Commentary on the Book of Mormon. P. C. Reynolds, ed. 7 vols. SLC: Deseret Book, 1955–1961.|''CBM'']], VII, 107.<br />
<br />
See Book of Mormon [[AMALEKITES|A<small>MALEKITES</small>]], [[AMALICKIAHITES|A<small>MALICKIAHITES</small>]], [[AMULEK|A<small>MULEK</small>]], [[AMLICI|A<small>MLICI</small>]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
[[Amaleki Variants|Ameleki]]<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐈𐐣𐐈𐐢𐐀𐐗𐐌 (æmæliːkaɪ)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Mulekite PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Martin_Noth&diff=12065Martin Noth2015-06-04T22:25:39Z<p>Rlc42: /* Bibliography */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Bibliography==<br />
*“Gemeinsemitische Erscheinungen in der israelitischen Namengebung,” ''Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft'' 81 (1927):1-45; 38, Abi-ra-mi, Abi-ra-mu (= Numbers 16:1 Abîrām); 15, ʼabînādāb (1 Samuel 7:1, 16:8, 17:13, 31:2, 2 Samuel 6:34, 1 Kings 4:11); 17, Babylonian Abu-na-dib (Tallqvist’s ''Neubabylonisches Namenbuch'' 1); 19,ʼăḥînādāb (1 Kings 4:14); 20-21, ˁammînādāb.<br />
*''Die israelitischen Personennamen'',Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament (BWANT) 3/10. Stuttgart, 1928/ reprint Hildesheim, 1966. [[Martin Noth, Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung. Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament, III, 10. Stuttgart, 1928 /reprint: Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966.|''IPN'']]<br />
* in ''[[Journal of Semitic Studies|JSS]]'', 1:326.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Scholars]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ZORAMITE(S)&diff=11893ZORAMITE(S)2014-11-29T09:34:24Z<p>Rlc42: added all references</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite gentilic|Lehite gentilic]]'''<br />
|1. <br />
|Descendants of [[ZORAM|Z<small>ORAM</small>]] who lived among the [[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITES</small>]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jacob/1.13?lang=eng#12 Jacob 1:13]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/30.59?lang=eng#58 Alma 30:59]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/38.3,13?lang=eng#2 38:3,13]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/43.4,5,6,13,20,44?lang=eng#3 43:4,5,6,13,20,44]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/48.5?lang=eng#4 48:5]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/52.20,33?lang=eng#19 52:20,33]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/1.29?lang=eng#28 3 Nephi 1:29]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/4-ne/1.36,37?lang=eng#35 4 Nephi 1:36,37]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.8?lang=eng#7 Mormon 1:8])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2. <br />
|Followers of [[ZORAM|Z<small>ORAM</small>]] No. 3, perhaps same as '''Z<small>ORAMITE</small>''' No. 1 ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31.1,2,3,4,8?lang=eng#1 Alma 31:1,2,3,4,8]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/35.2,3,8,7,9,10,11,12,13?lang=eng#1 35:2,3,8,7,9,10,11,12,13];)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
Gentilic of [[ZORAM|Z<small>ORAM</small>]].<br />
<br />
See [[ZERAM|Z<small>ERAM</small>]], [[ZORAM|Z<small>ORAM</small>]].<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">[[Stephen D. Ricks|SDR]]</div><br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐞𐐄𐐡𐐊𐐣𐐌𐐓𐐝 (zoʊrʌmaɪts), 𐐞𐐄𐐡𐐊𐐣𐐌𐐓 (zoʊrʌmaɪt)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite gentilic]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=SIDON&diff=11892SIDON2014-11-29T08:26:18Z<p>Rlc42: adding references</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|River, ca. 87 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/2.15,17,27,34,35?lang=eng#14 Alma 2:15,17,27,34,35]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/3.3?lang=eng#2 3:3]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/4.4?lang=eng#3 4:4]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/6.7?lang=eng#6 6:7]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.3?lang=eng#2 8:3]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/16.6,7?lang=eng#5 16:6,7]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/22.27,29?lang=eng#26 22:27,29]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/43.27,32,35,39,40,41,50,51,53?lang=eng#26 43:27,32,35,39,40,41,50,51,53]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/50.11?lang=eng#10 50:11]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/56.25?lang=eng#24 56:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.10?lang=eng#9 Mormon 1:10])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
Since this river passed through [[ZARAHEMLA|Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>]], and [[ZARAHEMLA|Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>]] was first settled by Mulekites, it is likely that this [[Geographical Name|GN]] is Mulekite. If it does derive from the biblical name for the Phoenician city '''S<small>IDON</small>''' (''ṣidon'', Phoenician ''ṣdn'', [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''ddwn3'', [[ASSYRIAN|A<small>SSYRIAN</small>]] ''ṣiduna''), as most commentaries suggest, this may denote the presence of Phoenician influence among the Mulekites.<br />
<br />
[[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']] states that the “etymology [of the Phoenician [[Geographical Name|GN]] is] not absolutely certain.” ''[[J. Hoftijzer, and K. Jongeling, Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions. 2nd ed. HOSANE/HOSNME 21 Leiden/N.Y.: Brill, 2003.|DNWSI]]'' says “unknown meaning” for ''ṣdn'', and “uncert[ain] meaning” for ''ṣd'', and has no entry for ''ṣwd''. It is possible that it may come from [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''ṣwd'', to catch, hunt, and if it does, -''ôn'' may be the fairly common nominalizing ending. <br />
<br />
Unlikely is the comparison with Greek σουδαριον, “cloth to wipe off sweat” (Liddell and Scott) as in Luke 19:20 ([[King James Version|KJV]] “napkin”) ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<br />
<br />
Cf. Book of Mormon [[SIDOM|S<small>IDOM</small>]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Sidon Variants]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
[[Sidon Variants|Sidom]], [[Sidon Variants|Siden]]<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐝𐐌𐐔𐐊𐐤 (saɪdʌn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite GN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=SATAN&diff=11891SATAN2014-11-29T07:31:00Z<p>Rlc42: added all references</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Biblical PN|Biblical PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Another title for the [[DEVIL|D<small>EVIL</small>]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/13.29?lang=eng#28 1 Nephi 13:29]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/22.15,26?lang=eng#14 22:15,26]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/30.18?lang=eng#17 2 Nephi 30:18]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.9?lang=eng#8 Alma 8:9]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/10.25?lang=eng#24 10:25]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/12.17?lang=eng#16 12:17]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/15.17?lang=eng#16 15:17]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/27.12?lang=eng#11 27:12]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/37.15?lang=eng#14 37:15]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 6:21]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/16.22,23?lang=eng#21 16:22,23]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/1.22?lang=eng#21 3 Nephi 1:22]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/2.2,3?lang=eng#1 2:2,3]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/6.16?lang=eng#15 6:16]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/7.5?lang=eng#4 7:5]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/18.18?lang=eng#17 18:18]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/28.39?lang=eng#38 28:39]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/4-ne/1.28?lang=eng#27 4 Nephi 1:28]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/5.18?lang=eng#17 Mormon 5:18]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/8.26?lang=eng#25 Ether 8:26]; [https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/15.19?lang=eng#18 15:19]; and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/9.3?lang=eng#2 Moroni 9:3])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
The title comes from a [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] word, ''śāṭān'', that means “adversary, opponent,” particularly in a courtroom setting. Other names in the Book of Mormon for '''S<small>ATAN</small>''' include [[DEVIL|D<small>EVIL</small>]] and [[LUCIFER|L<small>UCIFER</small>]].<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐝𐐁𐐓𐐊𐐤 (seɪtʌn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Biblical PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Matthew_L._Bowen&diff=11859Matthew L. Bowen2014-11-25T21:26:25Z<p>Rlc42: created (by SublimeText.Mediawiker)</p>
<hr />
<div>==Bibliography==<br />
*''"Most Desirable Above All Things": Onomastic Play on Mary and Mormon in the Book of Mormon'' in [http://www.mormoninterpreter.com/most-desirable-above-all-things-onomastic-play-on-mary-and-mormon-in-the-book-of-mormon/ Interpreter: A Journal of Mormon Scripture 13 (2015): 27-61]<br />
**Cited in: [[MORMON|M<small>ORMON</small>]], [[MARY|M<small>ARY</small>]]<br />
*Wordplay on the Name 'Enos', [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=26&num=3&id=459 ''Insights'', #178, 26/3 (2006)]<br />
**Cited in: [[ENOS|E<small>NOS</small>]],<br />
<br />
[[Category:Scholars]] [[Category:LDS Scholars]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ENOS&diff=11858ENOS2014-11-25T21:25:47Z<p>Rlc42: (by SublimeText.Mediawiker)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Scribe, son of [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]], and father of [[JAROM|J<small>AROM</small>]], between 544-420 B.C. ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jacob/7.27?lang=eng#26 Jacob 7:27]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/enos/1.1,%205,%206,%2011,%2017,%2019?lang=eng#primary Enos 1:1, 5, 6, 11, 17, 19]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jarom/1.1?lang=eng#primary Jarom 1:1])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
[[King James Version|KJV]] Enos = [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''ʾĕnôš'' "Man"<ref>[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.|LDS]] "Bible Dictionary," 665 ([https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bd/enos?lang=eng&letter=e Enos]).</ref> ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/4.26?lang=eng#25 Genesis 4:26], [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/gen/5.6-11?lang=eng#5 5:6-11]) = [[King James Version|KJV]] Enosh ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/1.1?lang=eng#primary 1 Chronicles 1:1]). [[Matthew L. Bowen|Matt Bowen]] argues for wordplay at the introduction of '''E<small>NOS</small>''' as son of a just "man" ''ʾĕnôš''.<ref>[[Matthew L. Bowen|Bowen, Matthew L.]] "Wordplay on the Name 'Enos'," [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=26&num=3&id=459 ''Insights'', #178, 26/3 (2006)].</ref><br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐀𐐤𐐊𐐝 (iːnʌs), 𐐀𐐤𐐊𐐞 (iːnʌz)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=MARY&diff=11857MARY2014-11-25T21:16:54Z<p>Rlc42: minor (by SublimeText.Mediawiker)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Biblical PN|Biblical PN]] ([[New Testament|NT]])'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Mother of [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] mentioned in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/3.8?lang=eng#7 Mosiah 3:8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/7.10?lang=eng#9 Alma 7:10]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
'''M<small>ARY</small>''' is mentioned as the mother of [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]] in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/3.8?lang=eng#7 Mosiah 3:8] and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/7.10?lang=eng#9 Alma 7:10] but is not mentioned as a separate [[Personal Name|PN]] or [[Geographical Name|GN]] in the Book of Mormon. The name '''M<small>ARY</small>''' may be based on the [[King James Version|KJV]] New Testament name of the mother of [[JESUS|J<small>ESUS</small>]]. '''M<small>ARY</small>''' is originally from the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''miryam'', having the possible meanings "beloved" or "gift (of God)" ([[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']]),<ref>[[Matthew L. Bowen]] ''"Most Desirable Above All Things": Onomastic Play on Mary and Mormon in the Book of Mormon'' in [http://www.mormoninterpreter.com/most-desirable-above-all-things-onomastic-play-on-mary-and-mormon-in-the-book-of-mormon/ Interpreter: A Journal of Mormon Scripture 13 (2015): 27-61]</ref> realized in Greek as ''Mariam'', ''Maria'' and in the Latin Vulgate as Mariam, Maria.<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐣𐐁𐐡𐐆 (meɪrɪ)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Biblical PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=MORMON&diff=11856MORMON2014-11-25T19:22:40Z<p>Rlc42: minor (by SublimeText.Mediawiker)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Father of No. 2, ca. 300 AD ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.5?lang=eng#4 Mormon 1:5]) <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2.<br />
|[[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] prophet and general, son of No. 1, ca. 322–386 AD ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/w-of-m/1.1,%209,%2011?lang=eng#primary Words of Mormon 1:1, 9, 11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12,%2020?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12, 20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/26.12?lang=eng#11 26:12 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/28.24?lang=eng#23 28:24]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/4-ne/1.23?lang=eng#22 4 Nephi 1:23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.1,%205?lang=eng#primary Mormon 1:1 (x2), 5]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/2.12?lang=eng#11 2:12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/3.11?lang=eng#10 3:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/4.23?lang=eng#22 4:23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/5.8?lang=eng#7 5:8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/6.2,%206?lang=eng#1 6:2, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/8.1,%2013?lang=eng#primary 8:1, 13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/15.11?lang=eng#10 Ether 15:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/7.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Moroni 7:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/8.1?lang=eng#primary 8:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/9?lang=eng 9:Preface])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|3.<br />
|Land near the city of [[LEHI-NEPHI|L<small>EHI-NEPHI</small>]], ca. 184 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4,%205,%207,%2016,%2030?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4, 5, 7, 16, 30 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.3?lang=eng#2 Alma 5:3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/21.1?lang=eng#primary 21:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12]) <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|4.<br />
|Forest, situated in land of same name ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.30?lang=eng#29 Mosiah 18:30])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|5.<br />
|Waters, situated in land of same name ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.8,%2016,%2030?lang=eng#7 Mosiah 18:8, 16, 30 (x3)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/25.18?lang=eng#17 25:18]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/26.15?lang=eng#14 26:15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.3?lang=eng#2 Alma 5:3])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
Any discussion of the meaning of the name '''M<small>ORMON</small>''', must start by dealing with a letter published in the ''Times and Seasons'' 4 (15 May 1843): 194, that is attributed to the Prophet Joseph Smith.<br />
<br />
But first a probable explanation of why the letter was written in the first place is in order. In E. D. Howe's 1834 ''Mormonism Unvailed'', it is claimed that "the word ''Mormon'', the name given to his [Joseph Smith's] book, is the English termination of the Greek word'' 'Mormoo,' ''which we find defined in an old, obsolete Dictionary, to mean'' 'bug-bear, hob-goblin, raw head, and bloody bones''.'"<ref>E. D. Howe, ''Mormonism Unvailed'' (Painesville, OH: E. D. Howe, 1834), 21, emphasis in original.</ref> Almost any knowledgeable reader, even in 1834, would have recognized that this definition is not only fabricated but downright silly. Closer in time to the letter in question is this passage from a local Illinois newspaper in 1841: "I will here give you the signification of the word Mormon, and also, book of Mormon, which every person that has read a dictionary of the reformed Egyptian tongue knows to be correct. ''Mormon''—A writer of wicked, absurd, fictitious nonsense, for evil purposes, to make sorcerers. ''Book of Mormon''—A book of gross, fictitious nonsense, wrote by Mormon, for Gazelom's diabolical purposes. ''Mormons''—Anciently in Egypt—a set of black-legs, thieves, robbers, and murderers."<ref>“Communications,” ''Warsaw Signal'', August 11, 1841 (anonymous letter to the editor).</ref> This satirical attempt to define ''Mormon'' is even more fanciful and absurd than E. D. Howe's. Such doggerel regarding ''Mormon'' became the standard fare in the yellow journalism of the times. But no matter how outdated and fetid the nonsense, a reply seems to have been the reason for writing the letter that was published in 1843 in the ''Times and Seasons''.<br />
<br />
And now the letter, which was printed over the name of the Prophet: “I may safely say that the word Mormon stands independent of the learning and wisdom of this generation.—Before I give a definition, however, to the word, let me say that the Bible in its widest sense, means ''good''; for the Savior says according to the gospel of John, ‘I am the ''good'' shepherd;’ and it will not be beyond the common use of terms, to say that good is among the most important in use, and though known by various names in different languages, still its meaning is the same, and is ever in opposition to ''bad''. We say from the Saxon, ''good''; the Dane, ''god''; the Goth, ''goda''; the German, ''gut''; the Dutch, ''goed''; the Latin, ''bonus''; the Greek, ''kalos''; the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], ''tob''; and the Egyptian, ''mon''. Hence, with the addition of more, or the contraction, ''mor'', we have the word '''M<small>ORMON</small>'''; which means, literally, ''more good''” (''[[Times and Seasons|T&S]]'' 4 [15 May 1843]: 194).<br />
<br />
It is possible that the tone of the letter was at least partially meant to imitate the flippant anti-Mormon literature of the previous ten years. After all, satire is a tempting retort to satire. Although some of the letter might be an application of ''lex talionis'' (an eye for an eye), there is a more salient crux that needs to be addressed.<br />
<br />
The first issue with this statement is that it is not certain Joseph Smith is responsible for all of the content. The Prophet’s journal entry for 20 May 1844 reads, “in the office heard Bro Phelps read a deffinition of the Word of Mormon – More-Good – corrected and sent to press.”<ref> My thanks and appreciation to Andrew Hedges, Church History Library, for calling my attention to this passage. I have quoted the passage from Scott H. Faulring, ''An American Prophet’s Record: The Diaries and Journals of Joseph Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), p. 378, entry for 20 May 1843.</ref> Unfortunately, not enough information is given to determine which parts of the letter published over Joseph’s signature stem from W. W. Phelps and which parts Joseph corrected. What is certain is that Joseph was not the original author, but that Joseph made changes in the text, and that he gave approval to have it published over his name. This was not the first or last time that W. W. Phelps was a ghostwriter for Joseph.<ref> For W. W. Phelps as a ghost writer for Joseph Smith, see Samuel Brown, “The Translator and the Ghostwriter: Joseph Smith and W. W. Phelps,” ''Journal of Mormon History'', 34/1 (Winter 2008):26-62. See pages 42-42 where Brown discusses this ''Times and Seasons'' passage. See also page 54. Another piece ghostwritten by W.W. Phelps is discussed by Michael Hicks in “Joseph Smith, W. W. Phelps, and the Poetic Paraphrase of ‘The Vision’,” ''Journal of Mormon History'', 20/2 (Fall 1994):63-84.</ref> <br />
B. H. Roberts, when he was compiling the ''Documentary History of the Church'' (hereafter [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']]), also “found evidence that the editor of ''Times and Seasons'', W. W. Phelps, rather than Joseph Smith, wrote this paragraph and that it was ‘based on inaccurate premises and was offensively pedantic.’” He asked for and received permission from the First Presidency to leave the offending paragraph out of the official ''History of the Church'' he was producing.<ref> Truman Madsen, ''Defender of the Faith: The B. H. Roberts Story'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1980), 291-292. Madsen cites no source for his information.</ref> In the final version of the [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']], B. H. Roberts introduced the letter with a paraphrase of Joseph’s journal entry, rather frankly writing, “Corrected and sent to the ''Times and Seasons'' the following.” After leaving out all the words after “the learning and wisdom of this generation,” Roberts summarized the last sentence as “The word Mormon, means literally, more good.”<ref> [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']], V:400.</ref> <br />
<br />
But there are other issues with this letter. When the letter states that “the Bible in its widest sense, means ''good'' ,” the writer was not suggesting that the word “Bible” etymologically means ''good''. Rather, the writer was suggesting that the Bible is good and the reading of it promotes good. This certainly is an acceptable metaphorical meaning of “Bible” that no Christian in the 19th century would deny. <br />
<br />
This metaphorical meaning leads to an examination of the phrase, “The word Mormon, means literally, more good.” Just as today, the word ''literally'' was used in 19th century English in the sense of “actually,” “really.”<ref> One example will suffice here. “They then commenced to whip me with large gads which they had for the purpose, and literally mangled me from my shoulders to my knees” ([[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']] 4:181). Here, “literally” means flesh wounds, not that his whole upper body was mangled.</ref> In other words, the word “literally” can be understood in the letter to mean “actually” and not necessarily “word-for-word.” Thus, if the Bible, which is true as far as it was transmitted correctly, means “good,” then the Book of Mormon, which was transmitted correctly, must actually mean “more good.” The conclusion can be drawn that “more good” is not a translation of the word “Mormon,” but a metaphorical interpretation in the sense that while the Bible means “good, “Mormon means “more [of the] good,” or possibly “better translated than the Bible.” <br />
<br />
What then is the philological explanation of '''M<small>ORMON</small>'''? Notwithstanding the warning in the letter attributed to Joseph Smith “that the word Mormon stands independent of the learning and wisdom of this generation,”<ref> This statement may refer to the fact that the Restoration, including the bringing forth of the Book of Mormon, was not done by any secular, academic, or scholarly means of our enlightened age. Perhaps this sentence may be the only part of the letter for which Joseph Smith was responsible. </ref> many attempts have been made to provide a sound etymology for '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' based on secular knowledge of ancient Near Eastern languages. The results at best show promise. The following discussion reviews some of the suggestions that have been made.<br />
<br />
The first point to be made is that the name, being mentioned first as a [[Geographical Name|GN]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4]) and then later as a [[Personal Name|PN]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12], in which the [[Personal Name|PN]] is explicitly derived from the [[Geographical Name|GN]]), might derive from a descriptive that would be appropriate for both a place and a person. It might be suggested, based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4], “a place which was called Mormon, having received its name from the king ... having been infested... by wild beasts,” that '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' could have something to do with “wild beasts.” On the other hand, based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.5?lang=eng#4 Mosiah 18:5], “there was in Mormon a fountain of pure water,” or based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.30?lang=eng#29 Mosiah 18:30], “the place of Mormon, the waters of Mormon, the forest of Mormon, how beautiful are they,” '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' might derive from “fountain/spring” or “pure water” or “beautiful/beauty.” <br />
<br />
On a limestone stele of the 19th to 21st [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] dynasty in the Museum of Gizeh the name ''mrmnu'' appears, accompanied by the title “door keeper.” In a yet to be superseded article, W. Spiegelberg, “Zu den semitischen Eigennamen in ägyptischer Umschrift aus der Zeit des ‘neuen Reiches’ (um 1500–1000),” ''Zeitschrift für Assyriologie'' 13 (1898):51, treats the name as Semitic in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] transcription although he is not certain that it is Semitic, and he does not provide a meaning. He transcribes it into [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] characters with ''mr''/''lmn''(''w''). Spiegelberg’s description of the stele unfortunately does not permit its current identification. Despite various difficulties, such as dating to at least 600 years before [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] and not having an etymology, this name, ''mrmn'', on an [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] inscription seems like a direct hit, as [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]] pointed out years ago.<ref> [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 500, footnote 30 to Chap. 22. [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] states that “the common [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''Mr''- means ‘intention, wish, desire.’”</ref> Unfortunately, no immediate etymology suggests itself.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] has also pointed out that ''mrm'', besides appearing in the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] [[Personal Name|PN]], is attested in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] and Arabic, and means “desirable” or “good.”<ref> [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 500, footnote 30 to chapter 22. The hypothetical form *''murmin'' (either as a participle or substantive), based on the Arabic substantive ''rummān'', "pomegranate," and a hypothetical causative stem of the Arabic ''ramā'', "to throw, cast," is difficult to justify becuase of a problematic sound correspondence and uncertain root and verbal forms.</ref> In this case, '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' would consist of the root ''mrm'' plus the common Semitic ending -''ōn'' (often used on [[Geographical Name|GN]]s and [[Personal Name|PN]]s, such as Kidron and [[GIDEON|G<small>IDEON</small>]]). For possible, [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] examples, see the biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] ''mirmâh'' in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/8.10?lang=eng#9 1 Chronicles 8:10] ([[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']] does not offer an etymology; the Septuagint transcribes is as μαρμα), and the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''merēmȏt'' (also of questionable etymology; Septuagint μεραμωθ), the name of a priest in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/10.36?lang=eng#35 Ezra 10:36] (=[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/10.5?lang=eng#4 Nehemiah 10:5]), are possibilities ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). The name also appears as ''mrmwt'' on a 6th century BC ostracon from Arad.<ref> Arad ostracon # 50. See [[Shmuel Ahituv]], ''Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period'', trans. Anson F. Rainey (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), p. 149. On page 484 Ahitub explains this [[Personal Name|PN]] as “Blessed by the god Mawt, death.”</ref> Note also the [[Personal Name|PN]] at Ugarit, ''ma-ri-ma-na'' ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]), but the language origin of the name is unknown.<ref> The name appears in the appendix “Liste ungedeuteter oder ihrer sprachlichen Herkunft nach unsicherer Namen,” in [[Frauke Gröndahl]], ''Die Personennamen der Texte aus Ugarit'', Studia Pohl 1 (Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1967), p. 304.</ref> <br />
<br />
Ben Urrutia has called attention to [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''mr mn'', “truly beloved,” or “love is established” ([[Biblische Untersuchungen|''BU'']],<ref>[[Ben Urrutia|Urrutia, Ben]] “The Name Connection,” [https://www.lds.org/new-era/1983/06/the-name-connection?lang=eng ''New Era'', June 1983, p 40] See also [[Matthew L. Bowen]] ''"Most Desirable Above All Things": Onomastic Play on Mary and Mormon in the Book of Mormon'' in [http://www.mormoninterpreter.com/most-desirable-above-all-things-onomastic-play-on-mary-and-mormon-in-the-book-of-mormon/ Interpreter: A Journal of Mormon Scripture 13 (2015): 27-61]</ref>), or “strong/firm love” or “love remains steadfast/firm” ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). The translation “love is established forever” brings to memory the words of Paul, “charity never faileth” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/1-cor/13.8?lang=eng#7 1 Corinthians 13:8]) ([[Biblische Untersuchungen|''BU'']]). Interestingly, it is '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' who uses the same words in a letter written to his son [[MORONI|M<small>ORONI</small>]], adding, “But charity is the pure love of [[CHRIST|C<small>HRIST</small>]], and it endureth forever” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/7.46,%2047?lang=eng#45 Moroni 7:46–47]) ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). <br />
<br />
Less likely is [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''mr'' (> Nubian and Coptic ''mur'', ''mor''), “bind, girth” ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). On the element ''mr'' see [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]], [[Hugh W. Nibley, Since Cumorah: The Book of Mormon in the Modern World. 1st ed. SLC: Deseret Book, 1967.; 2nd ed. CWHN 7. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1988.|''SC'']], 194, n. 107.<br />
<br />
Cf. Book of Mormon [[MORON|M<small>ORON</small>]], [[MORONI|M<small>ORONI</small>]], [[MORONIHAH|M<small>ORONIHAH</small>]], [[MORIANTUM|M<small>ORIANTUM</small>]], [[MORIANTON|M<small>ORIANTON</small>]], et al. Per [[Robert F. Smith|RFS]], see also [[AMMON|A<small>MMON</small>]], [[AMMONIHAH|A<small>MMONIHAH</small>]], [[MOSIAH|M<small>OSIAH</small>]], [[AMMORON|A<small>MMORON</small>]], [[AMORON|A<small>MORON</small>]], [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐣𐐃𐐡𐐣𐐊𐐤 (mɔːrmʌn), 𐐣𐐄𐐡𐐣𐐊𐐤 (moʊrmʌn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Lehite GN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=MORMON&diff=11855MORMON2014-11-25T19:00:52Z<p>Rlc42: minor (by SublimeText.Mediawiker)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Father of No. 2, ca. 300 AD ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.5?lang=eng#4 Mormon 1:5]) <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2.<br />
|[[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] prophet and general, son of No. 1, ca. 322–386 AD ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/w-of-m/1.1,%209,%2011?lang=eng#primary Words of Mormon 1:1, 9, 11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12,%2020?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12, 20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/26.12?lang=eng#11 26:12 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/28.24?lang=eng#23 28:24]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/4-ne/1.23?lang=eng#22 4 Nephi 1:23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.1,%205?lang=eng#primary Mormon 1:1 (x2), 5]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/2.12?lang=eng#11 2:12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/3.11?lang=eng#10 3:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/4.23?lang=eng#22 4:23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/5.8?lang=eng#7 5:8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/6.2,%206?lang=eng#1 6:2, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/8.1,%2013?lang=eng#primary 8:1, 13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/15.11?lang=eng#10 Ether 15:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/7.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Moroni 7:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/8.1?lang=eng#primary 8:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/9?lang=eng 9:Preface])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|3.<br />
|Land near the city of [[LEHI-NEPHI|L<small>EHI-NEPHI</small>]], ca. 184 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4,%205,%207,%2016,%2030?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4, 5, 7, 16, 30 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.3?lang=eng#2 Alma 5:3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/21.1?lang=eng#primary 21:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12]) <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|4.<br />
|Forest, situated in land of same name ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.30?lang=eng#29 Mosiah 18:30])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|5.<br />
|Waters, situated in land of same name ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.8,%2016,%2030?lang=eng#7 Mosiah 18:8, 16, 30 (x3)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/25.18?lang=eng#17 25:18]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/26.15?lang=eng#14 26:15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.3?lang=eng#2 Alma 5:3])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
Any discussion of the meaning of the name '''M<small>ORMON</small>''', must start by dealing with a letter published in the ''Times and Seasons'' 4 (15 May 1843): 194, that is attributed to the Prophet Joseph Smith.<br />
<br />
But first a probable explanation of why the letter was written in the first place is in order. In E. D. Howe's 1834 ''Mormonism Unvailed'', it is claimed that "the word ''Mormon'', the name given to his [Joseph Smith's] book, is the English termination of the Greek word'' 'Mormoo,' ''which we find defined in an old, obsolete Dictionary, to mean'' 'bug-bear, hob-goblin, raw head, and bloody bones''.'"<ref>E. D. Howe, ''Mormonism Unvailed'' (Painesville, OH: E. D. Howe, 1834), 21, emphasis in original.</ref> Almost any knowledgeable reader, even in 1834, would have recognized that this definition is not only fabricated but downright silly. Closer in time to the letter in question is this passage from a local Illinois newspaper in 1841: "I will here give you the signification of the word Mormon, and also, book of Mormon, which every person that has read a dictionary of the reformed Egyptian tongue knows to be correct. ''Mormon''—A writer of wicked, absurd, fictitious nonsense, for evil purposes, to make sorcerers. ''Book of Mormon''—A book of gross, fictitious nonsense, wrote by Mormon, for Gazelom's diabolical purposes. ''Mormons''—Anciently in Egypt—a set of black-legs, thieves, robbers, and murderers."<ref>“Communications,” ''Warsaw Signal'', August 11, 1841 (anonymous letter to the editor).</ref> This satirical attempt to define ''Mormon'' is even more fanciful and absurd than E. D. Howe's. Such doggerel regarding ''Mormon'' became the standard fare in the yellow journalism of the times. But no matter how outdated and fetid the nonsense, a reply seems to have been the reason for writing the letter that was published in 1843 in the ''Times and Seasons''.<br />
<br />
And now the letter, which was printed over the name of the Prophet: “I may safely say that the word Mormon stands independent of the learning and wisdom of this generation.—Before I give a definition, however, to the word, let me say that the Bible in its widest sense, means ''good''; for the Savior says according to the gospel of John, ‘I am the ''good'' shepherd;’ and it will not be beyond the common use of terms, to say that good is among the most important in use, and though known by various names in different languages, still its meaning is the same, and is ever in opposition to ''bad''. We say from the Saxon, ''good''; the Dane, ''god''; the Goth, ''goda''; the German, ''gut''; the Dutch, ''goed''; the Latin, ''bonus''; the Greek, ''kalos''; the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], ''tob''; and the Egyptian, ''mon''. Hence, with the addition of more, or the contraction, ''mor'', we have the word '''M<small>ORMON</small>'''; which means, literally, ''more good''” (''[[Times and Seasons|T&S]]'' 4 [15 May 1843]: 194).<br />
<br />
It is possible that the tone of the letter was at least partially meant to imitate the flippant anti-Mormon literature of the previous ten years. After all, satire is a tempting retort to satire. Although some of the letter might be an application of ''lex talionis'' (an eye for an eye), there is a more salient crux that needs to be addressed.<br />
<br />
The first issue with this statement is that it is not certain Joseph Smith is responsible for all of the content. The Prophet’s journal entry for 20 May 1844 reads, “in the office heard Bro Phelps read a deffinition of the Word of Mormon – More-Good – corrected and sent to press.”<ref> My thanks and appreciation to Andrew Hedges, Church History Library, for calling my attention to this passage. I have quoted the passage from Scott H. Faulring, ''An American Prophet’s Record: The Diaries and Journals of Joseph Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), p. 378, entry for 20 May 1843.</ref> Unfortunately, not enough information is given to determine which parts of the letter published over Joseph’s signature stem from W. W. Phelps and which parts Joseph corrected. What is certain is that Joseph was not the original author, but that Joseph made changes in the text, and that he gave approval to have it published over his name. This was not the first or last time that W. W. Phelps was a ghostwriter for Joseph.<ref> For W. W. Phelps as a ghost writer for Joseph Smith, see Samuel Brown, “The Translator and the Ghostwriter: Joseph Smith and W. W. Phelps,” ''Journal of Mormon History'', 34/1 (Winter 2008):26-62. See pages 42-42 where Brown discusses this ''Times and Seasons'' passage. See also page 54. Another piece ghostwritten by W.W. Phelps is discussed by Michael Hicks in “Joseph Smith, W. W. Phelps, and the Poetic Paraphrase of ‘The Vision’,” ''Journal of Mormon History'', 20/2 (Fall 1994):63-84.</ref> <br />
B. H. Roberts, when he was compiling the ''Documentary History of the Church'' (hereafter [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']]), also “found evidence that the editor of ''Times and Seasons'', W. W. Phelps, rather than Joseph Smith, wrote this paragraph and that it was ‘based on inaccurate premises and was offensively pedantic.’” He asked for and received permission from the First Presidency to leave the offending paragraph out of the official ''History of the Church'' he was producing.<ref> Truman Madsen, ''Defender of the Faith: The B. H. Roberts Story'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1980), 291-292. Madsen cites no source for his information.</ref> In the final version of the [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']], B. H. Roberts introduced the letter with a paraphrase of Joseph’s journal entry, rather frankly writing, “Corrected and sent to the ''Times and Seasons'' the following.” After leaving out all the words after “the learning and wisdom of this generation,” Roberts summarized the last sentence as “The word Mormon, means literally, more good.”<ref> [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']], V:400.</ref> <br />
<br />
But there are other issues with this letter. When the letter states that “the Bible in its widest sense, means ''good'' ,” the writer was not suggesting that the word “Bible” etymologically means ''good''. Rather, the writer was suggesting that the Bible is good and the reading of it promotes good. This certainly is an acceptable metaphorical meaning of “Bible” that no Christian in the 19th century would deny. <br />
<br />
This metaphorical meaning leads to an examination of the phrase, “The word Mormon, means literally, more good.” Just as today, the word ''literally'' was used in 19th century English in the sense of “actually,” “really.”<ref> One example will suffice here. “They then commenced to whip me with large gads which they had for the purpose, and literally mangled me from my shoulders to my knees” ([[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']] 4:181). Here, “literally” means flesh wounds, not that his whole upper body was mangled.</ref> In other words, the word “literally” can be understood in the letter to mean “actually” and not necessarily “word-for-word.” Thus, if the Bible, which is true as far as it was transmitted correctly, means “good,” then the Book of Mormon, which was transmitted correctly, must actually mean “more good.” The conclusion can be drawn that “more good” is not a translation of the word “Mormon,” but a metaphorical interpretation in the sense that while the Bible means “good, “Mormon means “more [of the] good,” or possibly “better translated than the Bible.” <br />
<br />
What then is the philological explanation of '''M<small>ORMON</small>'''? Notwithstanding the warning in the letter attributed to Joseph Smith “that the word Mormon stands independent of the learning and wisdom of this generation,”<ref> This statement may refer to the fact that the Restoration, including the bringing forth of the Book of Mormon, was not done by any secular, academic, or scholarly means of our enlightened age. Perhaps this sentence may be the only part of the letter for which Joseph Smith was responsible. </ref> many attempts have been made to provide a sound etymology for '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' based on secular knowledge of ancient Near Eastern languages. The results at best show promise. The following discussion reviews some of the suggestions that have been made.<br />
<br />
The first point to be made is that the name, being mentioned first as a [[Geographical Name|GN]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4]) and then later as a [[Personal Name|PN]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12], in which the [[Personal Name|PN]] is explicitly derived from the [[Geographical Name|GN]]), might derive from a descriptive that would be appropriate for both a place and a person. It might be suggested, based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4], “a place which was called Mormon, having received its name from the king ... having been infested... by wild beasts,” that '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' could have something to do with “wild beasts.” On the other hand, based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.5?lang=eng#4 Mosiah 18:5], “there was in Mormon a fountain of pure water,” or based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.30?lang=eng#29 Mosiah 18:30], “the place of Mormon, the waters of Mormon, the forest of Mormon, how beautiful are they,” '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' might derive from “fountain/spring” or “pure water” or “beautiful/beauty.” <br />
<br />
On a limestone stele of the 19th to 21st [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] dynasty in the Museum of Gizeh the name ''mrmnu'' appears, accompanied by the title “door keeper.” In a yet to be superseded article, W. Spiegelberg, “Zu den semitischen Eigennamen in ägyptischer Umschrift aus der Zeit des ‘neuen Reiches’ (um 1500–1000),” ''Zeitschrift für Assyriologie'' 13 (1898):51, treats the name as Semitic in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] transcription although he is not certain that it is Semitic, and he does not provide a meaning. He transcribes it into [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] characters with ''mr''/''lmn''(''w''). Spiegelberg’s description of the stele unfortunately does not permit its current identification. Despite various difficulties, such as dating to at least 600 years before [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] and not having an etymology, this name, ''mrmn'', on an [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] inscription seems like a direct hit, as [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]] pointed out years ago.<ref> [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 500, footnote 30 to Chap. 22. [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] states that “the common [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''Mr''- means ‘intention, wish, desire.’”</ref> Unfortunately, no immediate etymology suggests itself.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] has also pointed out that ''mrm'', besides appearing in the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] [[Personal Name|PN]], is attested in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] and Arabic, and means “desirable” or “good.”<ref> [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 500, footnote 30 to chapter 22. The hypothetical form *''murmin'' (either as a participle or substantive), based on the Arabic substantive ''rummān'', "pomegranate," and a hypothetical causative stem of the Arabic ''ramā'', "to throw, cast," is difficult to justify becuase of a problematic sound correspondence and uncertain root and verbal forms.</ref> In this case, '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' would consist of the root ''mrm'' plus the common Semitic ending -''ōn'' (often used on [[Geographical Name|GN]]s and [[Personal Name|PN]]s, such as Kidron and [[GIDEON|G<small>IDEON</small>]]). For possible, [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] examples, see the biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] ''mirmâh'' in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/8.10?lang=eng#9 1 Chronicles 8:10] ([[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']] does not offer an etymology; the Septuagint transcribes is as μαρμα), and the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''merēmȏt'' (also of questionable etymology; Septuagint μεραμωθ), the name of a priest in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/10.36?lang=eng#35 Ezra 10:36] (=[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/10.5?lang=eng#4 Nehemiah 10:5]), are possibilities ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). The name also appears as ''mrmwt'' on a 6th century BC ostracon from Arad.<ref> Arad ostracon # 50. See [[Shmuel Ahituv]], ''Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period'', trans. Anson F. Rainey (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), p. 149. On page 484 Ahitub explains this [[Personal Name|PN]] as “Blessed by the god Mawt, death.”</ref> Note also the [[Personal Name|PN]] at Ugarit, ''ma-ri-ma-na'' ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]), but the language origin of the name is unknown.<ref> The name appears in the appendix “Liste ungedeuteter oder ihrer sprachlichen Herkunft nach unsicherer Namen,” in [[Frauke Gröndahl]], ''Die Personennamen der Texte aus Ugarit'', Studia Pohl 1 (Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1967), p. 304.</ref> <br />
<br />
Ben Urrutia has called attention to [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''mr mn'', “truly beloved,” or “love is established” ([[Biblische Untersuchungen|''BU'']],<ref>[[Ben Urrutia|Urrutia, Ben]] “The Name Connection,” [https://www.lds.org/new-era/1983/06/the-name-connection?lang=eng ''New Era'', June 1983, p 40]</ref>), or “strong/firm love” or “love remains steadfast/firm” ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). The translation “love is established forever” brings to memory the words of Paul, “charity never faileth” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/1-cor/13.8?lang=eng#7 1 Corinthians 13:8]) ([[Biblische Untersuchungen|''BU'']]). Interestingly, it is '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' who uses the same words in a letter written to his son [[MORONI|M<small>ORONI</small>]], adding, “But charity is the pure love of [[CHRIST|C<small>HRIST</small>]], and it endureth forever” ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/7.46,%2047?lang=eng#45 Moroni 7:46–47]) ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). <br />
<br />
Less likely is [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''mr'' (> Nubian and Coptic ''mur'', ''mor''), “bind, girth” ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). On the element ''mr'' see [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]], [[Hugh W. Nibley, Since Cumorah: The Book of Mormon in the Modern World. 1st ed. SLC: Deseret Book, 1967.; 2nd ed. CWHN 7. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1988.|''SC'']], 194, n. 107.<br />
<br />
Cf. Book of Mormon [[MORON|M<small>ORON</small>]], [[MORONI|M<small>ORONI</small>]], [[MORONIHAH|M<small>ORONIHAH</small>]], [[MORIANTUM|M<small>ORIANTUM</small>]], [[MORIANTON|M<small>ORIANTON</small>]], et al. Per [[Robert F. Smith|RFS]], see also [[AMMON|A<small>MMON</small>]], [[AMMONIHAH|A<small>MMONIHAH</small>]], [[MOSIAH|M<small>OSIAH</small>]], [[AMMORON|A<small>MMORON</small>]], [[AMORON|A<small>MORON</small>]], [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐣𐐃𐐡𐐣𐐊𐐤 (mɔːrmʌn), 𐐣𐐄𐐡𐐣𐐊𐐤 (moʊrmʌn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Lehite GN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=MORMON&diff=11854MORMON2014-11-25T18:58:32Z<p>Rlc42: minor (by SublimeText.Mediawiker)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Father of No. 2, ca. 300 AD ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.5?lang=eng#4 Mormon 1:5]) <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2.<br />
|[[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] prophet and general, son of No. 1, ca. 322–386 AD ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/w-of-m/1.1,%209,%2011?lang=eng#primary Words of Mormon 1:1, 9, 11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12,%2020?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12, 20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/26.12?lang=eng#11 26:12 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/28.24?lang=eng#23 28:24]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/4-ne/1.23?lang=eng#22 4 Nephi 1:23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.1,%205?lang=eng#primary Mormon 1:1 (x2), 5]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/2.12?lang=eng#11 2:12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/3.11?lang=eng#10 3:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/4.23?lang=eng#22 4:23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/5.8?lang=eng#7 5:8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/6.2,%206?lang=eng#1 6:2, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/8.1,%2013?lang=eng#primary 8:1, 13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/15.11?lang=eng#10 Ether 15:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/7.1,%202?lang=eng#primary Moroni 7:1, 2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/8.1?lang=eng#primary 8:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/9?lang=eng 9:Preface])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|3.<br />
|Land near the city of [[LEHI-NEPHI|L<small>EHI-NEPHI</small>]], ca. 184 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4,%205,%207,%2016,%2030?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4, 5, 7, 16, 30 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.3?lang=eng#2 Alma 5:3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/21.1?lang=eng#primary 21:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12]) <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|4.<br />
|Forest, situated in land of same name ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.30?lang=eng#29 Mosiah 18:30])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|5.<br />
|Waters, situated in land of same name ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.8,%2016,%2030?lang=eng#7 Mosiah 18:8, 16, 30 (x3)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/25.18?lang=eng#17 25:18]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/26.15?lang=eng#14 26:15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.3?lang=eng#2 Alma 5:3])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
Any discussion of the meaning of the name '''M<small>ORMON</small>''', must start by dealing with a letter published in the ''Times and Seasons'' 4 (15 May 1843): 194, that is attributed to the Prophet Joseph Smith.<br />
<br />
But first a probable explanation of why the letter was written in the first place is in order. In E. D. Howe's 1834 ''Mormonism Unvailed'', it is claimed that "the word ''Mormon'', the name given to his [Joseph Smith's] book, is the English termination of the Greek word'' 'Mormoo,' ''which we find defined in an old, obsolete Dictionary, to mean'' 'bug-bear, hob-goblin, raw head, and bloody bones''.'"<ref>E. D. Howe, ''Mormonism Unvailed'' (Painesville, OH: E. D. Howe, 1834), 21, emphasis in original.</ref> Almost any knowledgeable reader, even in 1834, would have recognized that this definition is not only fabricated but downright silly. Closer in time to the letter in question is this passage from a local Illinois newspaper in 1841: "I will here give you the signification of the word Mormon, and also, book of Mormon, which every person that has read a dictionary of the reformed Egyptian tongue knows to be correct. ''Mormon''—A writer of wicked, absurd, fictitious nonsense, for evil purposes, to make sorcerers. ''Book of Mormon''—A book of gross, fictitious nonsense, wrote by Mormon, for Gazelom's diabolical purposes. ''Mormons''—Anciently in Egypt—a set of black-legs, thieves, robbers, and murderers."<ref>“Communications,” ''Warsaw Signal'', August 11, 1841 (anonymous letter to the editor).</ref> This satirical attempt to define ''Mormon'' is even more fanciful and absurd than E. D. Howe's. Such doggerel regarding ''Mormon'' became the standard fare in the yellow journalism of the times. But no matter how outdated and fetid the nonsense, a reply seems to have been the reason for writing the letter that was published in 1843 in the ''Times and Seasons''.<br />
<br />
And now the letter, which was printed over the name of the Prophet: “I may safely say that the word Mormon stands independent of the learning and wisdom of this generation.—Before I give a definition, however, to the word, let me say that the Bible in its widest sense, means ''good''; for the Savior says according to the gospel of John, ‘I am the ''good'' shepherd;’ and it will not be beyond the common use of terms, to say that good is among the most important in use, and though known by various names in different languages, still its meaning is the same, and is ever in opposition to ''bad''. We say from the Saxon, ''good''; the Dane, ''god''; the Goth, ''goda''; the German, ''gut''; the Dutch, ''goed''; the Latin, ''bonus''; the Greek, ''kalos''; the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], ''tob''; and the Egyptian, ''mon''. Hence, with the addition of more, or the contraction, ''mor'', we have the word '''M<small>ORMON</small>'''; which means, literally, ''more good''” (''[[Times and Seasons|T&S]]'' 4 [15 May 1843]: 194).<br />
<br />
It is possible that the tone of the letter was at least partially meant to imitate the flippant anti-Mormon literature of the previous ten years. After all, satire is a tempting retort to satire. Although some of the letter might be an application of ''lex talionis'' (an eye for an eye), there is a more salient crux that needs to be addressed.<br />
<br />
The first issue with this statement is that it is not certain Joseph Smith is responsible for all of the content. The Prophet’s journal entry for 20 May 1844 reads, “in the office heard Bro Phelps read a deffinition of the Word of Mormon – More-Good – corrected and sent to press.”<ref> My thanks and appreciation to Andrew Hedges, Church History Library, for calling my attention to this passage. I have quoted the passage from Scott H. Faulring, ''An American Prophet’s Record: The Diaries and Journals of Joseph Smith'' (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), p. 378, entry for 20 May 1843.</ref> Unfortunately, not enough information is given to determine which parts of the letter published over Joseph’s signature stem from W. W. Phelps and which parts Joseph corrected. What is certain is that Joseph was not the original author, but that Joseph made changes in the text, and that he gave approval to have it published over his name. This was not the first or last time that W. W. Phelps was a ghostwriter for Joseph.<ref> For W. W. Phelps as a ghost writer for Joseph Smith, see Samuel Brown, “The Translator and the Ghostwriter: Joseph Smith and W. W. Phelps,” ''Journal of Mormon History'', 34/1 (Winter 2008):26-62. See pages 42-42 where Brown discusses this ''Times and Seasons'' passage. See also page 54. Another piece ghostwritten by W.W. Phelps is discussed by Michael Hicks in “Joseph Smith, W. W. Phelps, and the Poetic Paraphrase of ‘The Vision’,” ''Journal of Mormon History'', 20/2 (Fall 1994):63-84.</ref> <br />
B. H. Roberts, when he was compiling the ''Documentary History of the Church'' (hereafter [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']]), also “found evidence that the editor of ''Times and Seasons'', W. W. Phelps, rather than Joseph Smith, wrote this paragraph and that it was ‘based on inaccurate premises and was offensively pedantic.’” He asked for and received permission from the First Presidency to leave the offending paragraph out of the official ''History of the Church'' he was producing.<ref> Truman Madsen, ''Defender of the Faith: The B. H. Roberts Story'' (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1980), 291-292. Madsen cites no source for his information.</ref> In the final version of the [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']], B. H. Roberts introduced the letter with a paraphrase of Joseph’s journal entry, rather frankly writing, “Corrected and sent to the ''Times and Seasons'' the following.” After leaving out all the words after “the learning and wisdom of this generation,” Roberts summarized the last sentence as “The word Mormon, means literally, more good.”<ref> [[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']], V:400.</ref> <br />
<br />
But there are other issues with this letter. When the letter states that “the Bible in its widest sense, means ''good'' ,” the writer was not suggesting that the word “Bible” etymologically means ''good''. Rather, the writer was suggesting that the Bible is good and the reading of it promotes good. This certainly is an acceptable metaphorical meaning of “Bible” that no Christian in the 19th century would deny. <br />
<br />
This metaphorical meaning leads to an examination of the phrase, “The word Mormon, means literally, more good.” Just as today, the word ''literally'' was used in 19th century English in the sense of “actually,” “really.”<ref> One example will suffice here. “They then commenced to whip me with large gads which they had for the purpose, and literally mangled me from my shoulders to my knees” ([[B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: LDS Church 1930.|''HC'']] 4:181). Here, “literally” means flesh wounds, not that his whole upper body was mangled.</ref> In other words, the word “literally” can be understood in the letter to mean “actually” and not necessarily “word-for-word.” Thus, if the Bible, which is true as far as it was transmitted correctly, means “good,” then the Book of Mormon, which was transmitted correctly, must actually mean “more good.” The conclusion can be drawn that “more good” is not a translation of the word “Mormon,” but a metaphorical interpretation in the sense that while the Bible means “good, “Mormon means “more [of the] good,” or possibly “better translated than the Bible.” <br />
<br />
What then is the philological explanation of '''M<small>ORMON</small>'''? Notwithstanding the warning in the letter attributed to Joseph Smith “that the word Mormon stands independent of the learning and wisdom of this generation,”<ref> This statement may refer to the fact that the Restoration, including the bringing forth of the Book of Mormon, was not done by any secular, academic, or scholarly means of our enlightened age. Perhaps this sentence may be the only part of the letter for which Joseph Smith was responsible. </ref> many attempts have been made to provide a sound etymology for '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' based on secular knowledge of ancient Near Eastern languages. The results at best show promise. The following discussion reviews some of the suggestions that have been made.<br />
<br />
The first point to be made is that the name, being mentioned first as a [[Geographical Name|GN]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4]) and then later as a [[Personal Name|PN]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12?lang=eng#11 3 Nephi 5:12], in which the [[Personal Name|PN]] is explicitly derived from the [[Geographical Name|GN]]), might derive from a descriptive that would be appropriate for both a place and a person. It might be suggested, based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.4?lang=eng#3 Mosiah 18:4], “a place which was called Mormon, having received its name from the king ... having been infested... by wild beasts,” that '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' could have something to do with “wild beasts.” On the other hand, based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.5?lang=eng#4 Mosiah 18:5], “there was in Mormon a fountain of pure water,” or based on [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.30?lang=eng#29 Mosiah 18:30], “the place of Mormon, the waters of Mormon, the forest of Mormon, how beautiful are they,” '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' might derive from “fountain/spring” or “pure water” or “beautiful/beauty.” <br />
<br />
On a limestone stele of the 19th to 21st [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] dynasty in the Museum of Gizeh the name ''mrmnu'' appears, accompanied by the title “door keeper.” In a yet to be superseded article, W. Spiegelberg, “Zu den semitischen Eigennamen in ägyptischer Umschrift aus der Zeit des ‘neuen Reiches’ (um 1500–1000),” ''Zeitschrift für Assyriologie'' 13 (1898):51, treats the name as Semitic in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] transcription although he is not certain that it is Semitic, and he does not provide a meaning. He transcribes it into [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] characters with ''mr''/''lmn''(''w''). Spiegelberg’s description of the stele unfortunately does not permit its current identification. Despite various difficulties, such as dating to at least 600 years before [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] and not having an etymology, this name, ''mrmn'', on an [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] inscription seems like a direct hit, as [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]] pointed out years ago.<ref> [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 500, footnote 30 to Chap. 22. [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] states that “the common [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''Mr''- means ‘intention, wish, desire.’”</ref> Unfortunately, no immediate etymology suggests itself.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] has also pointed out that ''mrm'', besides appearing in the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] [[Personal Name|PN]], is attested in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] and Arabic, and means “desirable” or “good.”<ref> [[Hugh Nibley, An Approach to the Book of Mormon. 3rd ed. Collected Works of Hugh Nibley 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, FARMS, 1988.|''ABM'']], 500, footnote 30 to chapter 22. The hypothetical form *''murmin'' (either as a participle or substantive), based on the Arabic substantive ''rummān'', "pomegranate," and a hypothetical causative stem of the Arabic ''ramā'', "to throw, cast," is difficult to justify becuase of a problematic sound correspondence and uncertain root and verbal forms.</ref> In this case, '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' would consist of the root ''mrm'' plus the common Semitic ending -''ōn'' (often used on [[Geographical Name|GN]]s and [[Personal Name|PN]]s, such as Kidron and [[GIDEON|G<small>IDEON</small>]]). For possible, [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] examples, see the biblical [[Personal Name|PN]] ''mirmâh'' in [[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/8.10?lang=eng#9 1 Chronicles 8:10]] ([[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']] does not offer an etymology; the Septuagint transcribes is as μαρμα), and the [[Personal Name|PN]] ''merēmȏt'' (also of questionable etymology; Septuagint μεραμωθ), the name of a priest in [[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ezra/10.36?lang=eng#35 Ezra 10:36]] (=[[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/neh/10.5?lang=eng#4 Nehemiah 10:5]]), are possibilities ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). The name also appears as ''mrmwt'' on a 6th century BC ostracon from Arad.<ref> Arad ostracon # 50. See [[Shmuel Ahituv]], ''Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period'', trans. Anson F. Rainey (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), p. 149. On page 484 Ahitub explains this [[Personal Name|PN]] as “Blessed by the god Mawt, death.”</ref> Note also the [[Personal Name|PN]] at Ugarit, ''ma-ri-ma-na'' ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]), but the language origin of the name is unknown.<ref> The name appears in the appendix “Liste ungedeuteter oder ihrer sprachlichen Herkunft nach unsicherer Namen,” in [[Frauke Gröndahl]], ''Die Personennamen der Texte aus Ugarit'', Studia Pohl 1 (Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1967), p. 304.</ref> <br />
<br />
Ben Urrutia has called attention to [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''mr mn'', “truly beloved,” or “love is established” ([[Biblische Untersuchungen|''BU'']],<ref>[[Ben Urrutia|Urrutia, Ben]] “The Name Connection,” [[https://www.lds.org/new-era/1983/06/the-name-connection?lang=eng ''New Era'', June 1983, p 40]]</ref>), or “strong/firm love” or “love remains steadfast/firm” ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). The translation “love is established forever” brings to memory the words of Paul, “charity never faileth” ([[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/1-cor/13.8?lang=eng#7 1 Corinthians 13:8]]) ([[Biblische Untersuchungen|''BU'']]). Interestingly, it is '''M<small>ORMON</small>''' who uses the same words in a letter written to his son [[MORONI|M<small>ORONI</small>]], adding, “But charity is the pure love of [[CHRIST|C<small>HRIST</small>]], and it endureth forever” ([[http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/7.46,%2047?lang=eng#45 Moroni 7:46–47]]) ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]). <br />
<br />
Less likely is [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''mr'' (> Nubian and Coptic ''mur'', ''mor''), “bind, girth” ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]). On the element ''mr'' see [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]], [[Hugh W. Nibley, Since Cumorah: The Book of Mormon in the Modern World. 1st ed. SLC: Deseret Book, 1967.; 2nd ed. CWHN 7. SLC: FARMS/Deseret, 1988.|''SC'']], 194, n. 107.<br />
<br />
Cf. Book of Mormon [[MORON|M<small>ORON</small>]], [[MORONI|M<small>ORONI</small>]], [[MORONIHAH|M<small>ORONIHAH</small>]], [[MORIANTUM|M<small>ORIANTUM</small>]], [[MORIANTON|M<small>ORIANTON</small>]], et al. Per [[Robert F. Smith|RFS]], see also [[AMMON|A<small>MMON</small>]], [[AMMONIHAH|A<small>MMONIHAH</small>]], [[MOSIAH|M<small>OSIAH</small>]], [[AMMORON|A<small>MMORON</small>]], [[AMORON|A<small>MORON</small>]], [[RAMEUMPTOM|R<small>AMEUMPTOM</small>]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐣𐐃𐐡𐐣𐐊𐐤 (mɔːrmʌn), 𐐣𐐄𐐡𐐣𐐊𐐤 (moʊrmʌn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Lehite GN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=AARON&diff=11469AARON2014-11-05T23:28:21Z<p>Rlc42: undo test (by SublimeText.Mediawiker)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Jaredite PN|Jaredite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|[[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] son/descendant of [[HETH|H<small>ETH</small>]], who dwelt in captivity ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.15,%2016?lang=eng#14 Ether 1:15, 16]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/10.31?lang=eng#30 10:31 (x2)])<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|2.<br />
|[[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] son of [[MOSIAH|M<small>OSIAH</small>]] II in 1st century B.C. ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.34?lang=eng#33 Mosiah 27:34]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/29.2,%203?lang=eng#1 29:2, 3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/20.2?lang=eng#1 Alma 20:2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/21.1,%204,%205,%207,%209,%2013?lang=eng#primary 21:Preface, 1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/22.1,%204,%207,%208,%2010,%2012,%2013,%2014,%2015,%2016,%2017,%2018,%2019,%2020,%2021,%2022,%2024,%2025,%2026,%2035?lang=eng#primary 22:1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 35]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/23.1,%204,%2016?lang=eng#primary 23:1, 4, 16]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/25.6,%2017?lang=eng#5 25:6, 17]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/26.10?lang=eng#9 26:10]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/27.19,%2025?lang=eng#18 27:19, 25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31.6,%2032?lang=eng#5 31:6, 32])<br />
|-<br />
|3.<br />
|[[LAMANITE(S)|L<small>AMANITE</small>]] king in 4th century A.D. ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/2.9?lang=eng#8 Mormon 2:9]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/9.17?lang=eng#16 Moroni 9:17])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|4.<br />
|City of, near [[AMMONIHAH|A<small>MMONIHAH</small>]], [[NEPHIHAH|N<small>EPHIHAH</small>]], and [[MORONI|M<small>ORONI</small>]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.13?lang=eng#12 Alma 8:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/50.14?lang=eng#13 50:14 (x2)])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
Until a possible language origin for [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] can be determined, all suggestions for etymologies of [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names must remain more speculative than substantive.<br />
<br />
'''A<small>ARON</small>''' however is identical to the [[King James Version|KJV]] PN = [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''ʾahărōn'' ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/num/8/2-26#2 Numbers 8:2–26], [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/deut/32/50#50 Deuteronomy 32:50], [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/micah/6/4#4 Micah 6:4]) = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] Greek ''aarōn''. None of the Book of Mormon uses refer to [[MOSES|M<small>OSES</small>]]’ brother. The etymology of biblical '''A<small>ARON</small>''' remains obscure, with several suggestions having been made, none of which have proven to be widely acceptable. A few of these suggestions follow:<br />
<br />
According to [[Ran Zadok]], aside from the ''-ōn'' termination typical of name-formation,<ref>[[Ran Zadok|Zadok, Ran]]. ''The Pre-Hellenistic Israelite Anthroponymy and Prosopography'', 102; cf. 160.</ref> the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] etymology is based on ''ʾhr'', which is to *''ʾār'' (from root ''ʾWR'' or ''ʾYR'' <br />
“give light”)<ref>[[Ran Zadok|Zadok, Ran]]. ''The Pre-Hellenistic Israelite Anthroponymy and Prosopography'', 102, citing Albright, [[Journal of Biblical Literature|''JBL'']] 46 (1927):172ff.</ref> as -''rhm'' (of ''ʾAbrāhām'') is to ''rām'', thus possibly meaning something like “Light-giver.”<br />
<br />
Apparently basing their etymology on the Arabic PN Harun “Aaron,” [[George Reynolds|Reynolds]] & [[Janne M. Sjodahl|Sjodahl]] offer “A Mountain of Strength” from Arabic ''harûn'' “mountainous,”<ref>[[George Reynolds|Reynolds, George]], and [[Janne M. Sjodahl]], ''Commentary on the Book of Mormon'', VI:46. </ref> as in Harun al-Rašid. A [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] folk-etymology with the same meaning may also have existed, but we have no evidence of it.<br />
<br />
[[Ludwig Koehler|Koehler]] & [[Walter Baumgartner|Baumgartner]] cited [[Ignaz Hösl|Ignaz Hösl]]’s suggestion that it derived from [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''ʿЗ-rn'' “Great-is-the-name (of God, or of Pharaoh),”<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig]], and [[Walter Baumgartner]], [[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], citing Hösl in ''Serta Monacensia für F. Babinger'', 85.</ref> but [[William F. Albright]] doubted it could be shown to be [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]],<ref>[[William F. Albright|Albright, William F.]], ''Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan''. 165 (143-144 in London ed.).</ref> and [[John Gee]] argues that such a correspondence is impossible since (1) there is no ʿ to ''З'' shift in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] until Ptolemaic times, and (2) Coptic ran, “name,” has a short -a- vowel. Moreover, the -''h''- in ''ʾahărōn'' is absent from the crucial portion of the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] examples such as ''ʿЗ-Ḥr'' “Horus-is-great” (= Phoenician ''ʿḥr''), ''Ḥr-ʿЗ'', ''ʿImn-ʿЗ'', ''Mwt-ʿЗ, Зst-tЗ-ʿЗ, Зs(t)-ʿЗ(t)'' [= Phoenician ''ʾsʿʾ''], ''Ptḥ-ʿЗ'',<ref>[[Yoshiyuki Muchiki|Muchiki, Yoshiyuki]]. ''Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords in North-West Semitic'', 15-16.</ref> etc.<br />
<br />
Another very unlikely possibility adds a prothetic -''a''-, to a problematic instance of Aramaic ''Ḥrwn'' on a 26th Dynasty Serapeum grave stele as a transliteration of [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''Ḥr-wn'' “Horus-exists,”<ref>[[Yoshiyuki Muchiki|Muchiki]], ''Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords'', 83, citing Segal, ''Aramaic Texts from North Saqqâra'', 190.</ref> which improperly suggests that -''h''- might derive from -''ḥ''-.<br />
<br />
See [[PAHORAN|P<small>AHORON</small>/P<small>AHORAN</small>]], [[PHARAOH|P<small>HARAOH</small>]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Comnor / Comron Variant]]<br />
<div style="text-align: right;"> [[Robert F. Smith|RFS]] </div><br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐁𐐡𐐊𐐤 (eɪrʌn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
*[[William F. Albright|Albright, William F.]], ''Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: A Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths''. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1968. Pagination differs from London edition. YGC<br />
*[[Ignaz Hösl|Hösl, Ignaz]]. “Zur orientalistischen Namenskunde: Maria–Moses–Aaron: Eine philologische Studie,” in ''Serta Monacensia für F. Babinger'', 80–85. Leiden: Brill, 1952.<br />
*[[Ludwig Koehler|Koehler, Ludwig]], and [[Walter Baumgartner]], ''The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament'', 5 vols., revised by [[Walter Baumgartner|W. Baumgartner]] & Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. [[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']]<br />
*[[Yoshiyuki Muchiki|Muchiki, Yoshiyuki]]. ''Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords in North-West Semitic'', SBL Dissertation Series 173. Atlanta: SBL, 1999.<br />
*[[George Reynolds|Reynolds, George]], and [[Janne M. Sjodahl]], ''Commentary on the Book of Mormon'', 7 vols., P. C. Reynolds, ed. SLC: Deseret Book, 1955-1961. [[George Reynolds and Janne M. Sjodahl, Commentary on the Book of Mormon. P. C. Reynolds, ed. 7 vols. SLC: Deseret Book, 1955–1961.|''CBM'']]<br />
*[[J. B. Segal|Segal, J. B.]] ''The Aramaic Texts from North Saqqâra with Some Fragments in Phoenician''. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1983.<br />
*[[John A. Tvedtnes|Tvedtnes, John A.]] “What’s in a Name? A Look at the Book of Mormon Onomasticon.” ''[[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] Review of Books'' 8/2 (1996):34–42.<br />
*[[Ran Zadok|Zadok, Ran]]. ''The Pre-Hellenistic Israelite Anthroponymy and Prosopography'', OLA 28. Louvain: Peeters, 1988.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]] [[Category:Jaredite PN]] [[Category:Lehite PN]] [[Category:Lehite GN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=AARON&diff=11468AARON2014-11-05T23:27:50Z<p>Rlc42: test (by SublimeText.Mediawiker)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Jaredite PN|Jaredite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|[[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] son/descendant of [[HETH|H<small>ETH</small>]], who dwelt in captivity ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.15,%2016?lang=eng#14 Ether 1:15, 16]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/10.31?lang=eng#30 10:31 (x2)])<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|2.<br />
|[[NEPHITE(S)|N<small>EPHITE</small>]] son of [[MOSIAH|M<small>OSIAH</small>]] II in 1st century B.C. ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.34?lang=eng#33 Mosiah 27:34]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/29.2,%203?lang=eng#1 29:2, 3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/20.2?lang=eng#1 Alma 20:2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/21.1,%204,%205,%207,%209,%2013?lang=eng#primary 21:Preface, 1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/22.1,%204,%207,%208,%2010,%2012,%2013,%2014,%2015,%2016,%2017,%2018,%2019,%2020,%2021,%2022,%2024,%2025,%2026,%2035?lang=eng#primary 22:1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 35]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/23.1,%204,%2016?lang=eng#primary 23:1, 4, 16]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/25.6,%2017?lang=eng#5 25:6, 17]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/26.10?lang=eng#9 26:10]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/27.19,%2025?lang=eng#18 27:19, 25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31.6,%2032?lang=eng#5 31:6, 32])<br />
|-<br />
|3.<br />
|[[LAMANITE(S)|L<small>AMANITE</small>]] king in 4th century A.D. ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/2.9?lang=eng#8 Mormon 2:9]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/9.17?lang=eng#16 Moroni 9:17])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|4.<br />
|City of, near [[AMMONIHAH|A<small>MMONIHAH</small>]], [[NEPHIHAH|N<small>EPHIHAH</small>]], and [[MORONI|M<small>ORONI</small>]] ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.13?lang=eng#12 Alma 8:13]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/50.14?lang=eng#13 50:14 (x2)])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
Until a possible language origin for [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] can be determined, all suggestions for etymologies of [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] names must remain more speculative than substantive.<br />
<br />
'''A<small>ARON</small>''' however is identical to the [[King James Version|KJV]] PN = [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''ʾahărōn'' ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/num/8/2-26#2 Numbers 8:2–26], [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/deut/32/50#50 Deuteronomy 32:50], [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/micah/6/4#4 Micah 6:4]) = [[Septuaginta. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.|LXX]] Greek ''aarōn''. None of the Book of Mormon uses refer to [[MOSES|M<small>OSES</small>]]’ brother. The etymology of biblical '''A<small>ARON</small>''' remains obscure, with several suggestions having been made, none of which have proven to be widely acceptable. A few of these suggestions follow:<br />
<br />
According to [[Ran Zadok]], aside from the ''-ōn'' termination typical of name-formation,<ref>[[Ran Zadok|Zadok, Ran]]. ''The Pre-Hellenistic Israelite Anthroponymy and Prosopography'', 102; cf. 160.</ref> the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] etymology is based on ''ʾhr'', which is to *''ʾār'' (from root ''ʾWR'' or ''ʾYR'' <br />
“give light”)<ref>[[Ran Zadok|Zadok, Ran]]. ''The Pre-Hellenistic Israelite Anthroponymy and Prosopography'', 102, citing Albright, [[Journal of Biblical Literature|''JBL'']] 46 (1927):172ff.</ref> as -''rhm'' (of ''ʾAbrāhām'') is to ''rām'', thus possibly meaning something like “Light-giver.”<br />
<br />
Apparently basing their etymology on the Arabic PN Harun “Aaron,” [[George Reynolds|Reynolds]] & [[Janne M. Sjodahl|Sjodahl]] offer “A Mountain of Strength” from Arabic ''harûn'' “mountainous,”<ref>[[George Reynolds|Reynolds, George]], and [[Janne M. Sjodahl]], ''Commentary on the Book of Mormon'', VI:46. </ref> as in Harun al-Rašid. A [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] folk-etymology with the same meaning may also have existed, but we have no evidence of it.<br />
<br />
[[Ludwig Koehler|Koehler]] & [[Walter Baumgartner|Baumgartner]] cited [[Ignaz Hösl|Ignaz Hösl]]’s suggestion that it derived from [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''ʿЗ-rn'' “Great-is-the-name (of God, or of Pharaoh),”<ref>[[Koehler, Ludwig]], and [[Walter Baumgartner]], [[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']], citing Hösl in ''Serta Monacensia für F. Babinger'', 85.</ref> but [[William F. Albright]] doubted it could be shown to be [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]],<ref>[[William F. Albright|Albright, William F.]], ''Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan''. 165 (143-144 in London ed.).</ref> and [[John Gee]] argues that such a correspondence is impossible since (1) there is no ʿ to ''З'' shift in [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] until Ptolemaic times, and (2) Coptic ran, “name,” has a short -a- vowel. Moreover, the -''h''- in ''ʾahărōn'' is absent from the crucial portion of the [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] examples such as ''ʿЗ-Ḥr'' “Horus-is-great” (= Phoenician ''ʿḥr''), ''Ḥr-ʿЗ'', ''ʿImn-ʿЗ'', ''Mwt-ʿЗ, Зst-tЗ-ʿЗ, Зs(t)-ʿЗ(t)'' [= Phoenician ''ʾsʿʾ''], ''Ptḥ-ʿЗ'',<ref>[[Yoshiyuki Muchiki|Muchiki, Yoshiyuki]]. ''Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords in North-West Semitic'', 15-16.</ref> etc.<br />
<br />
Another very unlikely possibility adds a prothetic -''a''-, to a problematic instance of Aramaic ''Ḥrwn'' on a 26th Dynasty Serapeum grave stele as a transliteration of [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] ''Ḥr-wn'' “Horus-exists,”<ref>[[Yoshiyuki Muchiki|Muchiki]], ''Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords'', 83, citing Segal, ''Aramaic Texts from North Saqqâra'', 190.</ref> which improperly suggests that -''h''- might derive from -''ḥ''-.<br />
<br />
See [[PAHORAN|P<small>AHORON</small>/P<small>AHORAN</small>]], [[PHARAOH|P<small>HARAOH</small>]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Comnor / Comron Variant]]<br />
<div style="text-align: right;"> [[Robert F. Smith|RFS]] </div><br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐁𐐡𐐊𐐤 (eɪrʌn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
*[[William F. Albright|Albright, William F.]], ''Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: A Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths''. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1968. Pagination differs from London edition. YGC<br />
*[[Ignaz Hösl|Hösl, Ignaz]]. “Zur orientalistischen Namenskunde: Maria–Moses–Aaron: Eine philologische Studie,” in ''Serta Monacensia für F. Babinger'', 80–85. Leiden: Brill, 1952.<br />
*[[Ludwig Koehler|Koehler, Ludwig]], and [[Walter Baumgartner]], ''The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament'', 5 vols., revised by [[Walter Baumgartner|W. Baumgartner]] & Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. [[Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. revised by W. Baumgartner and Johann J. Stamm. Leiden: Brill, 1994. trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition.|''HALOT'']]<br />
*[[Yoshiyuki Muchiki|Muchiki, Yoshiyuki]]. ''Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords in North-West Semitic'', SBL Dissertation Series 173. Atlanta: SBL, 1999.<br />
*[[George Reynolds|Reynolds, George]], and [[Janne M. Sjodahl]], ''Commentary on the Book of Mormon'', 7 vols., P. C. Reynolds, ed. SLC: Deseret Book, 1955-1961. [[George Reynolds and Janne M. Sjodahl, Commentary on the Book of Mormon. P. C. Reynolds, ed. 7 vols. SLC: Deseret Book, 1955–1961.|''CBM'']]<br />
*[[J. B. Segal|Segal, J. B.]] ''The Aramaic Texts from North Saqqâra with Some Fragments in Phoenician''. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1983.<br />
*[[John A. Tvedtnes|Tvedtnes, John A.]] “What’s in a Name? A Look at the Book of Mormon Onomasticon.” ''[[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] Review of Books'' 8/2 (1996):34–42.<br />
*[[Ran Zadok|Zadok, Ran]]. ''The Pre-Hellenistic Israelite Anthroponymy and Prosopography'', OLA 28. Louvain: Peeters, 1988.<br />
*[[Test]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]] [[Category:Jaredite PN]] [[Category:Lehite PN]] [[Category:Lehite GN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&diff=11467MediaWiki:Sidebar2014-11-04T18:29:26Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
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<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Son of [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] I, brother of [[NEPHI|N<small>EPHI</small>]] I, ca. 600 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/1?lang=eng 1 Nephi 1:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/2.5,%2017?lang=eng#4 2:5, 17]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/4.28?lang=eng#27 4:28]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/7.6?lang=eng#5 7:6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/8.3,%2014?lang=eng#2 8:3, 14]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/1.28?lang=eng#27 2 Nephi 1:28]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/4.11?lang=eng#10 4:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/5.6?lang=eng#5 5:6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/3.6?lang=eng#5 Alma 3:6])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
'''S<small>AM</small>''' is most likely a shortened form of the biblical name [[SAMUEL|S<small>AMUEL</small>]], even though neither '''S<small>AM</small>''' nor [[SAMUEL|S<small>AMUEL</small>]] reflect the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] pronunciation, ''šĕmûʾēl'' that might be expected from the plates of [[NEPHI|N<small>EPHI</small>]]. That '''S<small>AM</small>''' is the English version of what was on the Vorlage of the Book of Mormon is supported by examples of other names in the Book of Mormon that also take King James biblical spellings rather than reflecting the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] pronunciation, such as [[JACOB|J<small>ACOB</small>]], not the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] form ''Ya’akob'', and [[MESSIAH|M<small>ESSIAH</small>]] and not ''Mašiaḥ''.<ref>That some of the names in the Book of Mormon were consciously corrected to the King James spelling, rather than rendering them as a transliteration, is illustrated, for example, by the fact that in [http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/1.1-4?lang=eng#primary 1 Nephi 1:1-4] the original manuscript reads, ''masiah'', a close phonetic approximation of the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''mašiaḥ''. The printer's manuscript, the 1830 edition, and all subsequent editions all use the King James Bible spelling [[MESSIAH|M<small>ESSIAH</small>]].</ref> Additionally, besides the regular though mutable nature of the sibilants /''š''/, /''ś''/ and /''s''/ in and between the various Semitic languages, the change from the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] /''š''/ in [[SAMUEL|S<small>AMUEL</small>]] to /''s''/ (as in English) occurs in the Greek text of the Old Testament because Greek has only one character, sigma, for transcribing the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] sibilants.<ref>The same is true in Latin, which has only one character for sibilants. However, on occasion the vocable ''šm'' did come into the King James Version with initial /''š''/ and not /''s''/, e.g., [[NOAH|N<small>OAH</small>]]’s son [[SHEM|S<small>HEM</small>]] and Shemida in [http://lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/26.32?lang=eng#31 Numbers 26:32]. This latter name also occurs on several ostraca found in [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]] where “the orthography suggests an original vocalization: ''Šēmyādāʿ''.” See Schmuel Aḥituv, ''Echoes From the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period'', trans. Anson F. Rainey (Jerusalem: Carta, 2008), 267.</ref> Therefore, the explanation of '''S<small>AM</small>''' as the English equivalent of a hypocoristicon (shortened form) of [[SAMUEL|S<small>AMUEL</small>]] has merit.<ref>[[Dana M. Pike|Dana Pike]], email communication, 13 May 2011.</ref> <br />
<br />
If '''S<small>AM</small>''' is a hypocoristicon from [[SAMUEL|S<small>AMUEL</small>]], '''S<small>AM</small>''' would represent the common Semitic vocable ''šm'' and would most likely mean “the name,” “Name,” or even “descendant/offspring.”<ref>[[Abbreviations|''HALOT'']], sub שמואל. See also Scott C. Layton, ''Archaic Features of Canaanite Personal Names in the Hebrew Bible'', Harvard Semitic Monographs 47 (Atlanta, GA: Shcolars Press, 1990), 78, 86, and note 232.</ref> '''S<small>AM</small>''' may even be a theophoric element in its own right.<ref>[[Abbreviations|''HALOT'']], sub שמואל. For a discussion of the possibility that ''šm'' is a DN, see Layton, 85-86.</ref> <br />
<br />
Hypocoristica are well known in the Semitic languages. Though '''S<small>AM</small>''' does not occur in the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] Bible,<ref>Some critics of the Book of Mormon have therefore made fun of the name '''S<small>AM</small>''' for appearing in a “supposedly” ancient text when it is obviously a modern English form. For example, “‘Sam, Josh, and Gid.’ . . .There’s Yankee for ye. Rather out of place, however, in ancient writings . . . . Sam, Josh, and Gid, are half names, or Jonathanisms,” Origen Bachelor, ''Mormonism Exposed, Internally and Externally'' (New York: 1838), 14; and “This name Sam, by the way, sounds very modern” Edgar E. Folk, ''The Mormon Monster, or the Story of Mormonism'' (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1900), 186. These two quotes are from anti-Mormon authors; but as is often the case, criticisms from sources that are not cumbered by authentic information can point to the genuinely ancient nature of the Book of Mormon.</ref> the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] name ''šm'' does appear in a biblical period signet ring, but the authors read the name as [[SHEM|S<small>HEM</small>]], the same King James Version pronunciation as the son of [[NOAH|N<small>OAH</small>]].<ref>See the discussion in [[John A. Tvedtnes]], [[John Gee]], and [[Matthew Roper]], “Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions,” ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'', 9/1 (200): 51 and p. 79, note 60 (Israel Museum No. 68.35.199).</ref> The Arabic pronunciation of [[NOAH|N<small>OAH</small>]]’s son is '''S<small>AM</small>'''. The element ''šm'' also seems to occur in other west Semitic languages. See the Aramaic name ''šm'', along with longer forms, ''šmṭb'', and ''šmʾdd'';<ref>Bezalel Porten and Jerome A. Lund, ''Aramaic Documents from Egypt: A Key-Word-in-Context Concordance'' (Winona Lake IN: Eisenbrauns, 2002), 414-415.</ref> the Amorite PN ''sa-mu-um''<ref>[[Herbert B. Huffmon|Huffmon]], ''Names'', 247.</ref> (with the masculine singular nominative ending ''–um''); and the Ugaritic name elements ''sumu/samu/šumu''.<ref>[[Frauke Gröndahl|Gröndahl]], ''Personennamen'', 193f. For a general discussion of ''Samuel'' see Scott C. Layton, ''Archaic Features of Canaanite Personal Names in the Hebrew Bible'', Harvard Semitic Monographs 47 (Atlanta, GA: Shcolars Press, 1990), 78-87;</ref> <br />
<br />
Other etymologies have been proffered, including the suggestion that '''S<small>AM</small>''' is [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]].<ref>[[George Reynolds|Reynolds]] and [[Janne M. Sjodahl|Sjodahl]], 1:16&26; and [[George Reynolds|Reynolds]], ''Story of the Book of Mormon'', p. 298.</ref> [[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]] has interpreted the [[EGYPTIAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]] title ''sm3/s3m'' as “uniter.”<ref>[[Abbreviations|''LID'']], 28, 42 (=Collected Works of [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]], vol. 5, 28&42.)</ref><br />
<br />
Minaean [[Abbreviations|ESA]] PN ''ʿmsmy'' may hold promise. But the PN ''smʿ'' cannot be appealed to because it would require dropping the last phoneme of the vocable.<br />
<br />
Confer [[SHEM|S<small>HEM</small>]] and [[MOSIAH|M<small>OSIAH</small>]].<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐝𐐈𐐣 (sæm)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Biblia_Hebraica_Stuttgartensia&diff=9967Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia2014-03-13T16:57:57Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deustsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.<br />
<br />
[[Abbreviations]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Biblia_Hebraica_Stuttgartensia&diff=9966Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia2014-03-13T16:56:41Z<p>Rlc42: Created page with "Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deustsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984."</p>
<hr />
<div>Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deustsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Abbreviations&diff=9965Abbreviations2014-03-13T16:54:52Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>Abbreviation List<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|''AL''<br />
|Kent P. Jackson. ''The Ammonite Language of the Iron Age'', Harvard Semitic Monographs 27. Chico, California: Scholars Press, 1983.<br />
|-<br />
|AnOr<br />
|Analecta Orientalia<br />
|-<br />
|''AI''<br />
| Yohanan Aharoni, ''Arad Inscriptions''. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981.<br />
|-<br />
|''APN'' <br />
|H.B. Huffmon. ''Amorite Personal Names in the Mari Texts: A Structural and Lexical Study''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1965.<br />
|-<br />
|''BDB'' <br />
|F. Brown, S. Driver, and C. Briggs, eds. ''A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament''. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907 /1968.<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia|BHS]]''<br />
|''Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia''. Stuttgart: Deustsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984. <br />
|-<br />
|''CriText''<br />
|''Book of Mormon Critical Text'', 2nd ed., 3 vols. Provo: F.A.R.M.S., 1986-1987.<br />
|-<br />
|''CAAA''<br />
| I. J. Gelb. ''Computer-Aided Analysis of Amorite'', Assyriological Studies, 21. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1980.<br />
|-<br />
|''CAD''<br />
|''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'' = ''Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago''. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.<br />
|-<br />
|''DBM''<br />
|George Reynolds, ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon Comprising Its Bibliographical, Geographical and Other Proper Names''. SLC: J. H. Parry, 1891/Deseret Sunday School. <br />
|-<br />
|''EDE''<br />
|''Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian'', 3 vols., HdO. Leiden: Brill, 1999, 2001, 2007.<br />
|-<br />
|f <br />
| Feminine<br />
|-<br />
|''HALOT''<br />
|Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner, eds. ''The Hebrew & Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament'', 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1995, trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition. Also available in CD-ROM. <br />
|-<br />
|''HdO''<br />
|Handbuch der Orientalistik -- series includes J. Hoftijzer and K. Jongeling, ''Dictionary of North-West Semitic Inscriptons'', 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1995.<br />
|-<br />
|''IPN''<br />
|Martin Noth. ''Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung'', Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament, III, 10. Stuttgart, 1928 /reprint: Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966.<br />
|-<br />
|Jackson<br />
|Kent P. Jackson, "Ammonite Personal Names in the Context of the West Semitic Onomasticon." In ''The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth, Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman'', Carol L. Meyers and M. O'Connor, eds., 507-521. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1983..<br />
|-<br />
|JAT<br />
|John A. Tvedtnes<br />
|-<br />
|JG<br />
|John Gee<br />
|-<br />
|JH<br />
|[[Jo Ann Carlton Hackett]]<br />
|-<br />
|''KAI'' <br />
|H. Donner and W. Röllig. ''Kanannäische und aramäische Inschriften''. 3 Vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1968.<br />
|-<br />
|LID<br />
|[[Hugh W. Nibley]], ''Lehi in the Desert; The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites,'' John W. Welch, Darrell L. Matthews, and Stephen R. Callister, eds. (vol. 5 of ''The Collected Works of [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]]''; Salt Lake City/Provo: Deseret Book/FARMS, 1988).<br />
|-<br />
|LXX<br />
|''Septuaginta''. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.<br />
|-<br />
|m<br />
|Masculine<br />
|-<br />
|''MEE''<br />
|''Materiali Epigrafici di Elba''. Napoli: Instituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli.<br />
|-<br />
|Moscati<br />
|Sabatino Moscati, et al. ''An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages'', 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1969.<br />
|-<br />
|MT<br />
|Massoretic Text = ''Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia''. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.<br />
|-<br />
|OM <br />
|Original Manuscript of the Book of Mormon.<br />
|-<br />
|p<br />
|Plural<br />
|-<br />
|PM <br />
|Printer's Manuscript of the Book of Mormon.<br />
|-<br />
|''PTU''<br />
|Frauke Gröndahl. ''Die Personennamen der Texte aus Ugarit''. Studia Pohl 1. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Bilibum, 1967.<br />
|-<br />
|PYH<br />
|Paul Y. Hoskisson<br />
|-<br />
|Ranke<br />
|Hermann Ranke. ''Die ägyptischen Personennamen''. 2 Vols. Glückstadt: Augustin, 1935-52.<br />
|-<br />
|RFS<br />
|Robert F. Smith<br />
|-<br />
|''RSP''<br />
|Loren R. Fisher, ed., ''Ras Shamra Parallels: The Texts from Ugarit and the Hebrew Bible''. 3 Vols. AnOr 49-51. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1972-1981. Stan Rummell edited volume 3.<br />
|-<br />
|s<br />
|Singular<br />
|-<br />
|Silverman<br />
|Michael H. Silverman, ''Religious Values in the Jewish Proper Names at Elephantine''. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 217. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchner, 1985.<br />
|-<br />
|Stark<br />
|Jürgen Kurt Stark. ''Personal Names in Palmyrene Inscriptions''. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971. <br />
|-<br />
|SDR<br />
|Stephen D. Ricks<br />
|-<br />
|TAVO<br />
|''Tübinger Atlas vorderen Orients''. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1977- .<br />
|-<br />
|Tomback<br />
|Richard S. Tomback, ''A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of the Phoenician and Punic Languages''. SBL Dissertation Series 32. Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1978.<br />
|-<br />
|''UEE''<br />
|''UCLA Encyclopedia of Egypotology'', eds., Willike Wendrich, Jacco Dieleman, and Elizabeth Frood. Online at http://www.uee.ucla.edu <br />
|-<br />
|''UT'' <br />
|Cyrus H. Gordon. ''Ugaritic Textbook'', AnOr 38. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1965.<br />
|-<br />
|''WSPN''<br />
|Michael David Coogan. ''West Semitic Personal Names in the Marašû Documents''. Harvard Semitic Monographs 7. Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1976.<br />
|}</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Abbreviations&diff=9964Abbreviations2014-03-13T16:54:21Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>Abbreviation List<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|''AL''<br />
|Kent P. Jackson. ''The Ammonite Language of the Iron Age'', Harvard Semitic Monographs 27. Chico, California: Scholars Press, 1983.<br />
|-<br />
|AnOr<br />
|Analecta Orientalia<br />
|-<br />
|''AI''<br />
| Yohanan Aharoni, ''Arad Inscriptions''. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981.<br />
|-<br />
|''APN'' <br />
|H.B. Huffmon. ''Amorite Personal Names in the Mari Texts: A Structural and Lexical Study''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1965.<br />
|-<br />
|''BDB'' <br />
|F. Brown, S. Driver, and C. Briggs, eds. ''A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament''. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907 /1968.<br />
|-<br />
|''[[BHS]]''<br />
|''Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia''. Stuttgart: Deustsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984. <br />
|-<br />
|''CriText''<br />
|''Book of Mormon Critical Text'', 2nd ed., 3 vols. Provo: F.A.R.M.S., 1986-1987.<br />
|-<br />
|''CAAA''<br />
| I. J. Gelb. ''Computer-Aided Analysis of Amorite'', Assyriological Studies, 21. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1980.<br />
|-<br />
|''CAD''<br />
|''Chicago Assyrian Dictionary'' = ''Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the Univ. of Chicago''. Chicago: Oriental Institute/Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956-2010.<br />
|-<br />
|''DBM''<br />
|George Reynolds, ''Dictionary of the Book of Mormon Comprising Its Bibliographical, Geographical and Other Proper Names''. SLC: J. H. Parry, 1891/Deseret Sunday School. <br />
|-<br />
|''EDE''<br />
|''Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian'', 3 vols., HdO. Leiden: Brill, 1999, 2001, 2007.<br />
|-<br />
|f <br />
| Feminine<br />
|-<br />
|''HALOT''<br />
|Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner, eds. ''The Hebrew & Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament'', 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1995, trans. of 5-volume 3rd German edition. Also available in CD-ROM. <br />
|-<br />
|''HdO''<br />
|Handbuch der Orientalistik -- series includes J. Hoftijzer and K. Jongeling, ''Dictionary of North-West Semitic Inscriptons'', 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1995.<br />
|-<br />
|''IPN''<br />
|Martin Noth. ''Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung'', Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament, III, 10. Stuttgart, 1928 /reprint: Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966.<br />
|-<br />
|Jackson<br />
|Kent P. Jackson, "Ammonite Personal Names in the Context of the West Semitic Onomasticon." In ''The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth, Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman'', Carol L. Meyers and M. O'Connor, eds., 507-521. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1983..<br />
|-<br />
|JAT<br />
|John A. Tvedtnes<br />
|-<br />
|JG<br />
|John Gee<br />
|-<br />
|JH<br />
|[[Jo Ann Carlton Hackett]]<br />
|-<br />
|''KAI'' <br />
|H. Donner and W. Röllig. ''Kanannäische und aramäische Inschriften''. 3 Vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1968.<br />
|-<br />
|LID<br />
|[[Hugh W. Nibley]], ''Lehi in the Desert; The World of the Jaredites; There Were Jaredites,'' John W. Welch, Darrell L. Matthews, and Stephen R. Callister, eds. (vol. 5 of ''The Collected Works of [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]]''; Salt Lake City/Provo: Deseret Book/FARMS, 1988).<br />
|-<br />
|LXX<br />
|''Septuaginta''. Alfred Rahlfs, ed. 8th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1965.<br />
|-<br />
|m<br />
|Masculine<br />
|-<br />
|''MEE''<br />
|''Materiali Epigrafici di Elba''. Napoli: Instituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli.<br />
|-<br />
|Moscati<br />
|Sabatino Moscati, et al. ''An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages'', 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1969.<br />
|-<br />
|MT<br />
|Massoretic Text = ''Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia''. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1984.<br />
|-<br />
|OM <br />
|Original Manuscript of the Book of Mormon.<br />
|-<br />
|p<br />
|Plural<br />
|-<br />
|PM <br />
|Printer's Manuscript of the Book of Mormon.<br />
|-<br />
|''PTU''<br />
|Frauke Gröndahl. ''Die Personennamen der Texte aus Ugarit''. Studia Pohl 1. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Bilibum, 1967.<br />
|-<br />
|PYH<br />
|Paul Y. Hoskisson<br />
|-<br />
|Ranke<br />
|Hermann Ranke. ''Die ägyptischen Personennamen''. 2 Vols. Glückstadt: Augustin, 1935-52.<br />
|-<br />
|RFS<br />
|Robert F. Smith<br />
|-<br />
|''RSP''<br />
|Loren R. Fisher, ed., ''Ras Shamra Parallels: The Texts from Ugarit and the Hebrew Bible''. 3 Vols. AnOr 49-51. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1972-1981. Stan Rummell edited volume 3.<br />
|-<br />
|s<br />
|Singular<br />
|-<br />
|Silverman<br />
|Michael H. Silverman, ''Religious Values in the Jewish Proper Names at Elephantine''. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 217. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchner, 1985.<br />
|-<br />
|Stark<br />
|Jürgen Kurt Stark. ''Personal Names in Palmyrene Inscriptions''. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971. <br />
|-<br />
|SDR<br />
|Stephen D. Ricks<br />
|-<br />
|TAVO<br />
|''Tübinger Atlas vorderen Orients''. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1977- .<br />
|-<br />
|Tomback<br />
|Richard S. Tomback, ''A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of the Phoenician and Punic Languages''. SBL Dissertation Series 32. Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1978.<br />
|-<br />
|''UEE''<br />
|''UCLA Encyclopedia of Egypotology'', eds., Willike Wendrich, Jacco Dieleman, and Elizabeth Frood. Online at http://www.uee.ucla.edu <br />
|-<br />
|''UT'' <br />
|Cyrus H. Gordon. ''Ugaritic Textbook'', AnOr 38. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1965.<br />
|-<br />
|''WSPN''<br />
|Michael David Coogan. ''West Semitic Personal Names in the Marašû Documents''. Harvard Semitic Monographs 7. Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1976.<br />
|}</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=KISHKUMEN&diff=9624KISHKUMEN2014-01-21T19:39:42Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1. <br />
|[[GADIANTON('S) ROBBERS|G<small>ADIANTON</small>]] leader and assassin, ca. 51 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/1.9,%2010,%2011,%2012?lang=eng#8 Helaman 1:9, 10, 11, 12 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/2.3,%204,%205,%207,%208,%209,%2011?lang=eng#2 2:3, 4, 5 (x2), 7 (x2), 8 (x2), 9 (x2), 11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.18,%2024?lang=eng#17 6:18, 24])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|2. <br />
|City, ca. 30 AD ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.10?lang=eng#9 3 Nephi 9:10])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
At first glance this name looks like it might be [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] in origin, because it begins with an otherwise exclusively [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] name element, ''kish''. However, the biblical PN [[KISH|K<small>ISH</small>]], <br />
and the observation that the element ''kumen'', and names with similar elements, [[KUMEN|K<small>UMEN</small>]] (Lehite PN), [[KUMENONHI|K<small>UMENONHI</small>]] (Lehite PN), [[CUMENI|C<small>UMENI</small>]] (Lehite GN) and [[CUMENIHAH|C<small>UMENIHAH</small>]] (Lehite PN) do <br />
not appear to be [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]], would suggest that '''KISHKUMEN''' is Lehite. For possible etymologies, see [[KISH|K<small>ISH</small>]] and [[CUMENI|C<small>UMENI</small>]].<br />
<br />
[[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]], ''ABM'', 238, noted the [[EGYPTAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]]-Hittite city name Kumani.<br />
<br />
Cf. Book of Mormon [[KISH|K<small>ISH</small>]], [[AKISH|A<small>KISH</small>]], [[AGOSH|A<small>GOSH</small>]], [[KUMEN|K<small>UMEN</small>]], [[CUMENI|C<small>UMENI</small>]], [[CUMENIHAH|C<small>UMENIHAH</small>]], [[KUMENONHI|K<small>UMENONHI</small>]]<br />
<br />
See also [[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
[[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant|Kishcumen]], [[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant|Kishcamen]], [[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant|Kishcumer]], [[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant|Keshcumen]]<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐗𐐆𐐟𐐗𐐆𐐅𐐣𐐇𐐤 (kɪʃkɪuːmɛn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
[[Category:Names]] [[Category:Lehite GN]] [[Category:Lehite PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=KISHKUMEN&diff=9622KISHKUMEN2014-01-21T19:35:23Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1. <br />
|[[GADIANTON('S) ROBBERS|G<small>ADIANTON</small>]] leader and assassin, ca. 51 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/1.9,%2010,%2011,%2012?lang=eng#8 Helaman 1:9, 10, 11, 12 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/2.3,%204,%205,%207,%208,%209,%2011?lang=eng#2 2:3, 4, 5 (x2), 7 (x2), 8 (x2), 9 (x2), 11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.18,%2024?lang=eng#17 6:18, 24])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|2. <br />
|City, ca. 30 AD ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.10?lang=eng#9 3 Nephi 9:10])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
At first glance this name looks like it might be [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] in origin, because it begins with an otherwise exclusively [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]] name element, ''kish''. However, the biblical PN [[KISH|K<small>ISH</small>]], <br />
and the observation that the element ''kumen'', and names with similar elements, [[KUMEN|K<small>UMEN</small>]] (Lehite PN), [[KUMENONHI|K<small>UMENONHI</small>]] (Lehite PN), [[CUMENI|C<small>UMENI</small>]] (Lehite GN) and [[CUMENIHAH|C<small>UMENIHAH</small>]] (Lehite PN) do <br />
not appear to be [[JAREDITES|J<small>AREDITE</small>]], would suggest that '''KISHKUMEN''' is Lehite. For possible etymologies, see [[KISH|K<small>ISH</small>]] and [[CUMENI|C<small>UMENI</small>]].<br />
<br />
[[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley]], ''ABM'', 238, noted the [[EGYPTAN(S)|E<small>GYPTIAN</small>]]-Hittite city name Kumani.<br />
<br />
Cf. Book of Mormon [[KISH|K<small>ISH</small>]], [[AKISH|A<small>KISH</small>]], [[AGOSH|A<small>GOSH</small>]], [[KUMEN|K<small>UMEN</small>]], [[CUMENI|C<small>UMENI</small>]], [[CUMENIHAH|C<small>UMENIHAH</small>]], [[KUMENONHI|K<small>UMENONHI</small>]]<br />
<br />
See also [[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
[[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant|Kishcumen]], [[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant|Kishcamen]], [[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant|Kishcumer]], [[Kishkumen / Kishcumen Variant|Keshcumen]]<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐗𐐆𐐟𐐗𐐆𐐅𐐣𐐇𐐤 (kɪʃkɪuːmɛn)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite GN]][[:Category:Lehite PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ALMA&diff=9615ALMA2014-01-21T19:15:36Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/onoma/index.php?title=ALMA&action=edit<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|High priest, ca. 148 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/17.2,%203?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 17:2, 3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.1,%205,%207,%2012,%2014,%2015,%2018,%2027,%2033,%2034?lang=eng#primary 18:1, 5, 7, 12, 14 (x2), 15, 18, 27, 33, 34]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/21.30,%2034?lang=eng#29 21:30, 34]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/23.1,%206,%2015,%2016,%2026,%2027,%2029,%2035,%2036,%2037?lang=eng#primary 23:Preface, 1, 6, 15, 16, 26, 27, 29, 35, 36, 37 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/24.8,%209,%2012,%2015,%2017,%2018,%2020,%2023?lang=eng#7 24:8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20, 23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/25.6,%2010,%2014,%2015,%2017,%2018,%2019,%2021?lang=eng#5 25:6, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18 (x2), 19, 21]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/26.7,%208,%209,%2010,%2012,%2013,%2015,%2033,%2034,%2037,%2038?lang=eng#6 26:7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 33, 34, 37, 38]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.1?lang=eng#primary 27:1 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.14?lang=eng#13 27:14]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/28.20?lang=eng#19 28:20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/29.47?lang=eng#46 29:47]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/1?lang=eng Alma 1:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/4.4?lang=eng#3 4:4]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.3,%2011?lang=eng#2 5:3, 11 (x2)])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2.<br />
|Son of No. 1, high priest and chief judge, ca. 100 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.8,%2013,%2016,%2017,%2018,%2019,%2022,%2023,%2032?lang=eng#7 Mosiah 27:8 (x2), 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 32 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/28.20?lang=eng#19 28:20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/29.42,%2043,%2044?lang=eng#41 29:42, 43, 44]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/1.2,%2010,%2011,%2012,%2023?lang=eng#1 Alma 1:Preface (x2), 2, 10, 11, 12, 23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/2.16,%2020,%2021,%2029,%2030,%2031,%2032,%2033?lang=eng#15 2:16, 20, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32 (x2), 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/3.22?lang=eng#21 3:22]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/4.4,%207,%2011,%2015,%2018,%2020?lang=eng#3 4:4, 7 (x2), 11, 15, 18, 20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.1,%203,%2061?lang=eng#primary 5:Preface, 1, 3, 61]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/6.1,%207,%208?lang=eng#primary 6:1, 7, 8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/7?lang=eng 7:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.1,%203,%208,%209,%2010,%2011,%2014,%2015,%2018,%2021,%2022,%2023,%2027,%2029,%2030?lang=eng#primary 8:1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/9.1,%2031?lang=eng#primary 9:Preface (x2), 1, 31]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/10.10,%2031?lang=eng#9 10:10, 31]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.20?lang=eng#19 11:20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/12.1,%202,%207,%208,%209,%2019,%2022?lang=eng#primary 12:1, 2, 7 (x2), 8, 9, 19, 22]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/13.21,%2031?lang=eng#20 13:21, 31]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/14.2,%203,%205,%207,%209,%2010,%2011,%2012,%2013,%2014,%2017,%2023,%2025,%2026,%2027,%2028,%2029?lang=eng#1 14:2 (x2), 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28 (x2), 29 (x3)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/15.1,%203,%204,%206,%208,%2010,%2011,%2012,%2013,%2015,%2016,%2017,%2018?lang=eng#primary 15:1 (x2), 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/16.5,%206,%2013,%2015?lang=eng#4 16:5, 6 (x2), 13, 15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/17.1,%202?lang=eng#primary 17:Preface, 1, 2 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/27.16,%2019,%2020,%2025?lang=eng#15 27:16, 19, 20, 25 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/30.29,%2030,%2031,%2032,%2037,%2039,%2043,%2044,%2046,%2049,%2050,%2051,%2054,%2055?lang=eng#28 30:29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 39, 43, 44, 46, 49, 50 (x2), 51, 54, 55]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31.1,%202,%205,%2011,%2012,%2019,%2024,%2036,%2038?lang=eng#primary 31:1, 2, 5, 11, 12, 19, 24, 36, 38]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/32.4,%205,%206?lang=eng#3 32:4, 5, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/33.1,%202,%2012?lang=eng#primary 33:1, 2, 12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/34.1?lang=eng#primary 34:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/35.6,%207,%2014,%2015?lang=eng#5 35:6, 7, 14 (x2), 15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/36?lang=eng 36:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/38?lang=eng 38:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/39?lang=eng 39:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/43.1,%2023,%2024?lang=eng#primary 43:1 (x2), 23, 24 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/44.24?lang=eng#23 44:24]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/45.2,%204,%206,%208,%2015,%2017,%2018,%2019?lang=eng#1 45:2, 4, 6, 8, 15, 17, 18, 19]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/48.18?lang=eng#17 48:18]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/50.38,%2041?lang=eng#37 50:38 (x3), 41]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/63.1,%2012,%2017?lang=eng#primary 63:1, 12, 17]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/4.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 4:21]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/5.41?lang=eng#40 5:41]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.25?lang=eng#24 6:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/1?lang=eng 3 Nephi 1:Preface (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12?lang=eng#11 5:12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/12.13?lang=eng#12 Ether 12:13])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|3.<br />
|Valley named from No. 1, ca. 148 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/24.20,%2021?lang=eng#19 Mosiah 24:20, 21])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
The name '''ALMA''', as [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]] pointed out some years ago,<ref>[[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley, Hugh W.]] Book Review of ''Bar-Kochba'' by Yigal Yadin in ''BYU Studies'' [https://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=8174 14 (Autumn 1973): 121].</ref> is now attested in a n undeniably [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]]/Semitic context, namely, the letters of Bar Kokhba from the Second Jewish Revolt in Palestine around the year A.D. 132. Therein, the name, '''A<small>LMA</small>''' ben Yehudah, appears in a business document.<ref>At the end of the fourth line from the top it is spelled ''ʾlmʾ'', and at the beginning of the fourth line from the bottom ''ʾlmh''.</ref><br />
<br />
The name '''ALMA''', as [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]] pointed out some years ago,<ref>''BYU Studies'' 14 (Autumn 1973): 121.</ref> is now attested in an undeniably [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]]/Semitic context, namely, the letters of Bar Kokhba from the Second Jewish Revolt in Palestine around the year A.D. 132. Therein, the name, '''A<small>LMA</small>''' be Yehudah, appears in a business document.<ref>At the end of the fourth line from the top it is spelled ''ʿlmʿ'', and at the beginning of the fourth line from the bottom ''ʿlmh''.</ref><br />
<br />
In [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]]'s day the name would have been spelled with an initial ''ʿayin'', ''ʿlm'', not the ''aleph'' of the Bar Kokhba period.<ref>The orthography of [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] in the first centuries B.C. and A.D., especially Samaritan and Hasmonean [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], began to reflect the coalescence of the pronunciation in the spoken language of the consonants ''aleph'' and ''ayin''/''ģayin''. The same interchange occurs in Phoenician, e.g., both ''ʾlm'' and ''ʿlm'' mean "eternity." Because the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] alphabet did not have separate signs for ''ayin'' and ''ģayin'', both are represented by the same sign. By the time of the Bar Kokhba letters, the ''aleph'', the ''ayin'', and the ''ģayin'' were not distinguished in pronunciation, and therefore were on occasion confused in the orthography.</ref> The [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] common noun ''ʿlm'', meaning "youth" or "lad," occurs twice in the Old Testament, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/17.56?lang=eng#55 1 Samuel 17:56] and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/20.22?lang=eng#21 20:22]. In its feminine form, ''ʿalmâ'' appears nine times in the Old Testament, where it means "a young woman (of marriageable age)," including the famous passage in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/7.14?lang=eng#13 Isaiah 7:14].<br />
<br />
The form of '''A<small>LMA</small>''' in the Book of Mormon reflects the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] segholate noun form, ''ʿelem'', as in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/20.22?lang=eng#21 1 Samuel 20:22], but with the addition of the hypocoristic ending —''a''.<ref>Hypocoristic endings commonly represented a theophoric element (the name of a deity in a sharply contracted form), most often by a single final consonant, usually ''aleph'', but also with final ''he'', such as in the second occurrence in the Bar Kokhba letter. For example the hypocoristic name Abda ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-kgs/4.6?lang=eng#5 1 Kings 4:6] passim) shows up in its plene form in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/9.16?lang=eng#15 1 Chronicles 9:16] as Obadiah. The same is true of the biblical personal name Shebna ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/22.15?lang=eng#14 Isaiah 22:15]), which is most likely "a short form, probably from" Shebnayah(u) (Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner, tr. M.E.J. Richardson, ''The Hebrew & Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament'', CD-ROM Edition, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill, NV) 1994-2000. There is also an Ammonite analog to '''A<small>LMA</small>''' ''ʿbdʾ'', that would mean "the servant of [the god]." See Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire, ''Biblical Period Personal Seals in the Shlomo Moussaieff Collection'' (Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center Publications, 2000), nos. 150 and 177.</ref> When an ending is added, the accent shifts and the original /a/ vowel of the segholate ''qatl'' form returns.<ref>The Arabic cognate, ''ģulām'', which carries the same meanings as the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], is not a ''qatl'' form.</ref> (The pausal form, because of the shift in accent, also reveals the original /a/ vowel, e.g., as in the pausal form in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/17.56?lang=eng#55 1 Samuel 17:56].)<br />
<br />
Given the usage of ''ģlm'' in Ugaritic literature<ref>Ugarit was a small city-state that flourished between about 1500 and 1200 BC just north of present-day Latakia on the [[SYRIANS|S<small>YRIAN</small>]] coast. The language spoken there is related to [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] and shares with it many precise poetic structures and vocabulary words.</ref> (''ģlm'' is the spelling of the name before ''ʿ'' (''ʿayin'') and ''ģ'' (''ģayin'') fell together in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] orthography) as an epithet, the significance of '''A<small>LMA</small>''' as a personal name become clear. In one of the more famous epics from Ugaritic, the hero, named KRT (pronounced either "Kirta" or "Keret") is called ''ģlm ʾl'', "lad of [the god]El" (''KTU'' 1.14.II.8-9).<ref>As mentioned previously, the two proto-Semitic consonants, ''ʿayin'' and ''ģayin'' [represented in Ugaritic by ''ʿ'' and ''ģ'' respectively], fall together in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] orthography.</ref> If the Book of Mormon person name is analogous to this epithet, then '''A<small>LMA</small>''' would probably mean exactly what the Ugaritic epithet meant, "lad of God," a rather appropriate meaning for both Book of Mormon prophets who bear this name, especially since '''A<small>LMA</small>''', when first introduced, is called a "young man" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/17.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 17:2], first noted by [[Robert F.Smith|RFS]]). In this sense, '''A<small>LMA</small>''' would be analogous to the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] ''geber'', which means "man, hero," and appears in names such as Gabriel, "hero/man of God."<br />
<br />
In addition to its post-biblical attestation as a personal name in the Bar Kokhba letter, its use as an epithet in Ugaritic literature, and the biblical usage as a common noun, "youth, young man," the name is also attested in the Ebla cuneiform texts that predate the [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] Exodus from [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] by about a thousand years.<ref>Ebla texts come from the latter half of the Early Bronze Age, around a thousand years before [[MOSES|M<small>OSES</small>]], and are written in a Semitic language related to [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]].</ref> There the name is written ''al<sub>6</sub>-ma'', as would be expected in cuneiform.<ref>See [[Terrance L. Szink]], "The Personal Name 'ALMA' at Ebla," ''The Religious Educator'' 1/1 (2000): 53-56.</ref><br />
<br />
Of course, other etymologies are possible, though less likely. The Arabic root ''ʿalama'' / ''ʿalima'', "knowing, erudite; distinguished; chief, chieftain," etc. ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]] and [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), yields plausible meanings and may even contribute to a (as yet unrecognized) play on words. Also, ''ʾlm'' means "to bind" or "to be dumb" in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]], and could possibly mean, with hypocoristic ''aleph'' ending, "He (God) is bound." However, this root is attested in [[HEBREW|H<small>EBREW</small>]] only in two oblique niphal and piel verbal forms, neither of which would allow the spelling as it appears in the Book of Mormon.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">[[Paul Y. Hoskisson|PYH]]</div><br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐈𐐢𐐣𐐈 (ælmæ)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
Yigael Yadin, ''Bar Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome'' (New York: Random House, 1971), 176-7.<br />
<br />
M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartin, ''The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugaritic, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places'' (Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1995), 1.14.II.8-9.<br />
<br />
Cyrus H. Gordon, ''The Ancient Near East'' (Norton: New York, 1965), 93-100.<br />
<br />
K.A. Matthews, "The Paleo-Hebrew leviticus Scroll from Qumran," ''BA'' 50:1 (March 1987): 50-51.<br />
<br />
S. Moscati, et al., ''An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages'' (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1969), §8.51-58. <br />
<br />
Martin Noth, ''Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung'' (Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966 [photomechanical copy of the Stuttgart 1928 edition]), 38.<br />
<br />
Herbert B. Huffmon, ''Amorite Personal Names in the Mari Texts'' (Baltimore: John Hopkins, 1965), 130-1.<br />
<br />
Kent P. Jackson, "Ammonite Personal Names in the Context of the West Semitic Onomasticon," in ''The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman'' (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1983), 507-521.<br />
<br />
Ran Zadok, ''On West Semites in Babylonia During the Chaldean and Achaemenian Periods: An Onomastic Study'' (Jerusalem: Wanaarta and Tel-Aviv University, 1977), 148-150.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Lehite GN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Principals&diff=9614Principals2014-01-21T19:09:31Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>Please email [mailto:onoma@byu.edu onoma@byu.edu] with any questions or comments.<br />
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[[Paul Y. Hoskisson]]<br/><br />
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[[Robert F. Smith]]<br/><br />
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[[John Gee]]<br/><br />
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<div>==Bibliography==<br />
*"The Personal Name 'ALMA' at Ebla," ''The Religious Educator'' [https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/volume-1-number-1-2000/personal-name-alma-ebla 1/1 (2000): 53-56].<br />
**[[ALMA|A<small>LMA</small>]]<br />
[[Category:Scholars]] [[Category:LDS Scholars]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Terrance_L._Szink&diff=8741Terrance L. Szink2013-09-19T16:33:48Z<p>Rlc42: Created page with "==Bibliography== Category:Scholars Category:LDS Scholars"</p>
<hr />
<div>==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Scholars]] [[Category:LDS Scholars]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=ALMA&diff=8740ALMA2013-09-19T16:32:29Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/onoma/index.php?title=ALMA&action=edit<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite PN|Lehite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|High priest, ca. 148 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/17.2,%203?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 17:2, 3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/18.1,%205,%207,%2012,%2014,%2015,%2018,%2027,%2033,%2034?lang=eng#primary 18:1, 5, 7, 12, 14 (x2), 15, 18, 27, 33, 34]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/21.30,%2034?lang=eng#29 21:30, 34]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/23.1,%206,%2015,%2016,%2026,%2027,%2029,%2035,%2036,%2037?lang=eng#primary 23:Preface, 1, 6, 15, 16, 26, 27, 29, 35, 36, 37 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/24.8,%209,%2012,%2015,%2017,%2018,%2020,%2023?lang=eng#7 24:8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20, 23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/25.6,%2010,%2014,%2015,%2017,%2018,%2019,%2021?lang=eng#5 25:6, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18 (x2), 19, 21]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/26.7,%208,%209,%2010,%2012,%2013,%2015,%2033,%2034,%2037,%2038?lang=eng#6 26:7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 33, 34, 37, 38]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.1?lang=eng#primary 27:1 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.14?lang=eng#13 27:14]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/28.20?lang=eng#19 28:20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/29.47?lang=eng#46 29:47]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/1?lang=eng Alma 1:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/4.4?lang=eng#3 4:4]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.3,%2011?lang=eng#2 5:3, 11 (x2)])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2.<br />
|Son of No. 1, high priest and chief judge, ca. 100 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/27.8,%2013,%2016,%2017,%2018,%2019,%2022,%2023,%2032?lang=eng#7 Mosiah 27:8 (x2), 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 32 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/28.20?lang=eng#19 28:20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/29.42,%2043,%2044?lang=eng#41 29:42, 43, 44]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/1.2,%2010,%2011,%2012,%2023?lang=eng#1 Alma 1:Preface (x2), 2, 10, 11, 12, 23]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/2.16,%2020,%2021,%2029,%2030,%2031,%2032,%2033?lang=eng#15 2:16, 20, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32 (x2), 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/3.22?lang=eng#21 3:22]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/4.4,%207,%2011,%2015,%2018,%2020?lang=eng#3 4:4, 7 (x2), 11, 15, 18, 20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.1,%203,%2061?lang=eng#primary 5:Preface, 1, 3, 61]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/6.1,%207,%208?lang=eng#primary 6:1, 7, 8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/7?lang=eng 7:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/8.1,%203,%208,%209,%2010,%2011,%2014,%2015,%2018,%2021,%2022,%2023,%2027,%2029,%2030?lang=eng#primary 8:1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/9.1,%2031?lang=eng#primary 9:Preface (x2), 1, 31]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/10.10,%2031?lang=eng#9 10:10, 31]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/11.20?lang=eng#19 11:20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/12.1,%202,%207,%208,%209,%2019,%2022?lang=eng#primary 12:1, 2, 7 (x2), 8, 9, 19, 22]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/13.21,%2031?lang=eng#20 13:21, 31]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/14.2,%203,%205,%207,%209,%2010,%2011,%2012,%2013,%2014,%2017,%2023,%2025,%2026,%2027,%2028,%2029?lang=eng#1 14:2 (x2), 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28 (x2), 29 (x3)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/15.1,%203,%204,%206,%208,%2010,%2011,%2012,%2013,%2015,%2016,%2017,%2018?lang=eng#primary 15:1 (x2), 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/16.5,%206,%2013,%2015?lang=eng#4 16:5, 6 (x2), 13, 15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/17.1,%202?lang=eng#primary 17:Preface, 1, 2 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/27.16,%2019,%2020,%2025?lang=eng#15 27:16, 19, 20, 25 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/30.29,%2030,%2031,%2032,%2037,%2039,%2043,%2044,%2046,%2049,%2050,%2051,%2054,%2055?lang=eng#28 30:29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 39, 43, 44, 46, 49, 50 (x2), 51, 54, 55]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31.1,%202,%205,%2011,%2012,%2019,%2024,%2036,%2038?lang=eng#primary 31:1, 2, 5, 11, 12, 19, 24, 36, 38]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/32.4,%205,%206?lang=eng#3 32:4, 5, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/33.1,%202,%2012?lang=eng#primary 33:1, 2, 12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/34.1?lang=eng#primary 34:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/35.6,%207,%2014,%2015?lang=eng#5 35:6, 7, 14 (x2), 15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/36?lang=eng 36:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/38?lang=eng 38:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/39?lang=eng 39:Preface]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/43.1,%2023,%2024?lang=eng#primary 43:1 (x2), 23, 24 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/44.24?lang=eng#23 44:24]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/45.2,%204,%206,%208,%2015,%2017,%2018,%2019?lang=eng#1 45:2, 4, 6, 8, 15, 17, 18, 19]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/48.18?lang=eng#17 48:18]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/50.38,%2041?lang=eng#37 50:38 (x3), 41]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/63.1,%2012,%2017?lang=eng#primary 63:1, 12, 17]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/4.21?lang=eng#20 Helaman 4:21]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/5.41?lang=eng#40 5:41]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.25?lang=eng#24 6:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/1?lang=eng 3 Nephi 1:Preface (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.12?lang=eng#11 5:12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/12.13?lang=eng#12 Ether 12:13])<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Lehite GN|Lehite GN]]'''<br />
|3.<br />
|Valley named from No. 1, ca. 148 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/24.20,%2021?lang=eng#19 Mosiah 24:20, 21])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
The name '''ALMA''', as [[Hugh W. Nibley|Hugh Nibley]] pointed out some years ago,<ref>[[Hugh W. Nibley|Nibley, Hugh W.]] Book Review of ''Bar-Kochba'' by Yigal Yadin in ''BYU Studies'' [https://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=8174 14 (Autumn 1973): 121].</ref> is now attested in a n undeniably Hebrew/Semitic context, namely, the letters of Bar Kokhba from the Second Jewish Revolt in Palestine around the year A.D. 132. Therein, the name, '''A<small>LMA</small>''' ben Yehudah, appears in a business document.<ref>At the end of the fourth line from the top it is spelled ''ʾlmʾ'', and at the beginning of the fourth line from the bottom ''ʾlmh''.</ref><br />
<br />
In [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]]'s day the name would have been spelled with an initial ''ʿayin'', ''ʿlm'', not the ''aleph'' of the Bar Kokhba period.<ref>The orthography of Hebrew in the first centuries B.C. and A.D., especially Samaritan and Hasmonean Hebrew, began to reflect the coalescence of the pronunciation in the spoken language of the consonants ''aleph'' and ''ayin''/''ġayin''. The same interchange occurs in Phoenician, e.g., both ''ʾlm'' and ''ʿlm'' mean "eternity." Because the Hebrew alphabet did not have separate signs for ''ayin'' and ''ġayin'', both are represented by the same sign. By the time of the Bar Kokhba letters, the ''aleph'', the ''ayin'', and the ''ġayin'' were not distinguished in pronunciation, and therefore were on occasion confused in the orthography.</ref> The Hebrew common noun ''ʿlm'', meaning "youth" or "lad," occurs twice in the Old Testament, [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/17.56?lang=eng#55 1 Samuel 17:56] and [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/20.22?lang=eng#21 20:22]. In its feminine form, ''ʿalmâ'' appears nine times in the Old Testament, where it means "a young woman (of marriageable age)," including the famous passage in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/7.14?lang=eng#13 Isaiah 7:14].<br />
<br />
The form of '''A<small>LMA</small>''' in the Book of Mormon reflects the Hebrew segholate noun form, ''ʿelem'', as in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/20.22?lang=eng#21 1 Samuel 20:22], but with the addition of the hypocoristic ending —''a''.<ref>Hypocoristic endings commonly represented a theophoric element (the name of a deity in a sharply contracted form), most often by a single final consonant, usually aleph, but also with final he, such as in the second occurrence in the Bar Kokhba letter. For example the hypocoristic name Abda ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-kgs/4.6?lang=eng#5 1 Kings 4:6] passim) shows up in its plene form in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-chr/9.16?lang=eng#15 1 Chronicles 9:16] as Obadiah. The same is true of the biblical personal name Shebna ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/22.15?lang=eng#14 Isaiah 22:15]), which is most likely "a short form, probably from" Shebnayah(u) (Koehler, Ludwig; Baumgartner, Walter; Richardson, M.E.J. (tr.), ''The Hebrew & Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament'', CD-ROM Edition, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill, NV) 1994-2000. There is also an Ammonite analog to '''A<small>LMA</small>''' ''ʿbdʾ'', that would mean "the servant of [the god]." See Robert Deutsch and André Lemaire, ''Biblical Period Personal Seals in the Shlomo Moussaieff Collection'' (Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center Publications, 2000), nos. 150 and 177.</ref> When an ending is added, the accent shifts and the original /a/ vowel of the segholate ''qatl'' form returns.<ref>The Arabic cognate, ''ġulām'', which carreis the same meanings as the Hebrew, is not a ''qatl'' form.</ref> (the pausal form, becuase of the shift in accent, also reveals the original /a/ vowel, e.g., as in the pausal form in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/1-sam/17.56?lang=eng#55 1 Samuel 17:56].)<br />
<br />
Given the usage of ''ġlm'' in Ugaritic literature<ref>Ugarit was a small city-state that flourished between about 1500 and 1200 BC just north of present-day Latakia on the Syrian coast. The language spoken there is related to Hebrew and shares with it many precise poetic structures and vocabulary words.</ref> (''ġlm'' is the spelling of the name before ''ʿ'' (''ʿayin'') and ''ġ'' (''ġayin'') fell together in Hebrew orthography) as an epithet, the significance of '''A<small>LMA</small>''' as a personal name become clear. In one of the more famous epics from Ugaritic, the hero, named KRT (pronounced either "Kirta" or "Keret") is called ''ġlm ʾl'', "lad of [the god]El" (''KTU'' 1.14.II.8-9).<ref>As mentioned previously, the two proto-Semitic consonants, ''ʿayin'' and ''ġayin'' [represented in Ugaritic by ''ʿ'' and ''ġ'' respectively], fall together in Hebrew orthography.</ref> If the Book of Mormon person name is analogous to this epithet, then '''A<small>LMA</small>''' would probably mean exactly what the Ugaritic epithet meant, "lad of God,: a rather appropriate meaning for both Book of Mormon prophets who bear this name, especially since '''A<small>LMA</small>''', when first introduced, is called a "young man" ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/17.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 17:2], first noted by [[Robert F.Smith|RFS]]). In this sense, '''A<small>LMA</small>''' would be analogous to the Hebrew ''geber'', which means "man, hero," and appears in names such as Gabriel, "hero/man of God."<br />
<br />
In addition to its post-biblical attestation as a personal name in the Bar Kokhba letter, its use as an epithet in Ugaritic literature, and the biblical usage as a common noun, "youth, young man," the name is also attested in the Ebla cuneiform texts that predate the Hebrew Exodus from [[EGYPT|E<small>GYPT</small>]] by about a thousand years.<ref>Ebla texts come from the latter half of the Early Bronze Age, around a thousand years before [[MOSES|M<small>OSES</small>]], and are written in a Semitic language related to Hebrew.</ref> There the PN of a merchant from Mari is written ''al<sub>6</sub>-ma'', as would be expected in cuneiform.<ref>[[Terrance L. Szink]], "The Personal Name 'ALMA' at Ebla," ''The Religious Educator'' 1/1 (2000): 53-56.</ref><br />
<br />
Of course, other etymologies are possible, though less likely. The Arabic root ''ʿalama'' / ''ʿalima'', "knowing, erudite; distinguished; chief, chieftain," etc. ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]] and [[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]), yields plausiblemeanings and may even be a (so far unrecognized) play on words. Also, ''ʾlm'' means "to bind" or "to be dumb" in Hebrew, and could possibly mean, with hypocoristic ''aleph'' ending, "He (God) is bound." However, this root is attested in Hebrew only in two oblique niphal and piel verbal forms, neither of which would allow the spelling as it appears in the Book of Mormon.<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐈𐐢𐐣𐐈 (ælmæ)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
Yigael Yadin, ''Bar Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome'' (New York: Random House, 1971), 176-7.<br />
<br />
M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartin, ''The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugaritic, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places'' (Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1995), 1.14.II.8-9.<br />
<br />
Cyrus H. Gordon, ''The Ancient Near East'' (Norton: New York, 1965), 93-100.<br />
<br />
K.A. Matthews, "The Paleo-Hebrew leviticus Scroll from Qumran," ''BA'' 50:1 (March 1987): 50-51.<br />
<br />
S. Moscati, et al., ''An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages'' (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1969), §8.51-58. <br />
<br />
Martin Noth, ''Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung'' (Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966 [photomechanical copy of the Stuttgart 1928 edition]), 38.<br />
<br />
Herbert B. Huffmon, ''Amorite Personal Names in the Mari Texts'' (Baltimore: John Hopkins, 1965), 130-1.<br />
<br />
Kent P. Jackson, "Ammonite Personal Names in the Context of the West Semitic Onomasticon," in ''The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman'' (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1983), 507-521.<br />
<br />
Ran Zadok, ''On West Semites in Babylonia During the Chaldean and Achaemenian Periods: An Onomastic Study'' (Jerusalem: Wanaarta and Tel-Aviv University, 1977), 148-150.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Lehite PN]][[Category:Lehite GN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=MULEK&diff=8739MULEK2013-09-19T16:21:19Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Mulekite PN|Mulekite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Son of [[ZEDEKIAH|Z<small>EDEKIAH</small>]], king of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]], ca. 590 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/25.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 25:2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.10?lang=eng#9 Helaman 6:10]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 8:21]) <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2.<br />
|Name of all of the land northward, originally settled by colony which included No. 1 ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.10?lang=eng#9 Helaman 6:10])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|3.<br />
|City east of [[ZARAHEMLA|Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>]] by the seashore and near the cities of [[GID|G<small>ID</small>]] and [[BOUNTIFUL|B<small>OUNTIFUL</small>]], ca. 67 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/51.26?lang=eng#25 Alma 51:26]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/52.2,%2016,%2017,%2019,%2020,%2022,%2026,%2028,%2034?lang=eng#1 52:2, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 26, 28, 34]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/53.2,%206?lang=eng#1 53:2, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/5.15?lang=eng#14 Helaman 5:15])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
The fairly common West Semitic root ''mlk'', “a type of sacrifice,” would appear to have the requisite vowel, as is indicated by Latin terms derived from Punic, ''molchomor'', probably from ''mlʾk ʾmr'', “sacrifice of a lamb” (DNWSI 642). '''MULEK''' would then be a hypocoristicon meaning “(the divine) sacrifice.”<br />
<br />
An Arabic noun, ''*mulk'', means “power” (DNWSI 640) and may be part of a hypocoristic '''M<small>ULEK</small>''', meaning “(divine) power,” or “(DN) is power.”<br />
<br />
It is tempting to derive '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' from the common Semitic root ''mlk'', “to reign; king; to counsel; counselor.” However, the u vowel does not fit any verbal or noun pattern of North-West Semitic. An a vowel would be expected for both the noun form, ''malku'', and the verbal forms ''mālik'' and ''malik''. <br />
<br />
There are Arabic forms that have a ''u'' vowel, such as a diminutive ''mulik'', “little king” ([[Hugh W. Nibley|HWN]] *), which would make sense if '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' had been little when he escaped the Babylonian siege of [[JERUSALEM|J<small>ERUSALEM</small>]], or if he had been derisively called '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' by those who did not recognize him as king. (Some have suggested that Malchiah in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/jer/38/6#6 Jeremiah 38:6] might be '''M<small>ULEK</small>'''. The person in this passage is called Malchiah, the son of Hammelech in the KJV, but the Hebrew text should read “Malkiyahu, son of the king” [''mlkyhw bn hmlk'']. The context seems to indicate that Malchiah was at least of age, and not a small babe or child.)<br />
<br />
This name surely derives from the common West Semitic root ''mlk'', “to rule, king,” etc. (as noted by [[Ariel L. Crowley|Ariel Crowley]], “The Escape of Mulek,” Improvement Era, May 1955, p. 324; and [[Janne M. Sjodahl|Sjodahl]], Authenticity of the Book of Mormon, p. 11). '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' was the son of [[ZEDEKIAH|Z<small>EDEKIAH</small>]] ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/hel/6/10#10 Helaman 6:10], [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/hel/8/21#21 8:21]), the king in [[JERUSALEM|J<small>ERUSALEM</small>]] when [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] left. He came with a party of people to the New World, disembarking in the Land Northward ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/hel/6/10#10 Helaman 6:10]). At least some of the descendants of that group migrated southward to found [[ZARAHEMLA|Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>]] ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/mosiah/25/2#2 Mosiah 25:2]). But it has always been assumed, (?) It is very tempting to read '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' as a shortened form of the full name, perhaps a hypocoristicon. But this would not explain the change of vowel quality (always phonemic in the Semitic languages) from [''a''] to [''u'']. Reading [''u''] with common West Semitic would provide the translation “kingdom, dominion” instead of “king” ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<br />
<br />
Less likely is “sacrifice” from ''molk'' in Punic and other West Semitic languages ([[William F. Albright|Albright]] YGC, pp. 205–210; and [[Janne M. Sjodahl|Sjodahl]] Improvement Era 24:140–141) ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]], [[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). Another most unlikely possibility is to derive it from the root ''hlk'', “to go, walk,” which has been suggested by some as the root of the divine name Molech. If so, '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' would mean “traveler, sojourner” ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). It would be a name befitting an individual who had traveled a great distance from his homeland; it might be important for the study of metonymy in the Book of Mormon, if only in the sense of wordplays. However, it would be significant only if metonymy can be shown to be a major factor in the determination of Book of Mormon names ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).<br />
<br />
Cf. Book of Mormon [[MULOKI|M<small>ULOKI</small>]], [[MELEK|M<small>ELEK</small>]], [[AMALEKI|A<small>MALEKI</small>]], [[AMALICKIAH|A<small>MALICKIAH</small>]], [[AMLICI|A<small>MLICI</small>]], [[AMULEK|A<small>MULEK</small>]], [[MELCHIZEDEK|M<small>ELCHIZEDEK</small>]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Mulek / Muloch Variants]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
[[Mulek / Muloch Variants|Muloch]], [[Mulek / Muloch Variants|Mulok]], [[Mulek / Muloch Variants|Muleh]]<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐣𐐆𐐅𐐢𐐊𐐗 (mɪuːlʌk), 𐐣𐐆𐐅𐐢𐐇𐐗 (mɪuːlɛk), 𐐣𐐆𐐄𐐢𐐇𐐗 (mɪoʊlɛk)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
*[[William F. Albright|Albright, William F.]], ''Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: A Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths''. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1968. Pagination differs from London edition. YGC<br />
*[[Jeffrey R. Chadwick|Chadwick, Jeffery R.]] "Has the Seal of Mulek Been Found?" [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/jbms/?vol=12&num=2&id=324 Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12, no. 2 (2003): 72-83.]<br />
*[[Ariel L. Crowley]] About the Book of Mormon. Idaho City, ID: Deseret News, 1961.<br />
*[[Royal J. Skousen]] [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=104&chapid=1165 History of the Critical Text Project of the Book of Mormon] found in [[Gerald M. Bradford]] and [[Alison V. P. Coutts]]' [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=104 Uncovering the Original Text of the Book of Mormon. Provo, UT: FARMS, 2002.]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Mulekite PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=MULEK&diff=8738MULEK2013-09-19T16:18:59Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Mulekite PN|Mulekite PN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|Son of [[ZEDEKIAH|Z<small>EDEKIAH</small>]], king of [[JUDAH|J<small>UDAH</small>]], ca. 590 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/25.2?lang=eng#1 Mosiah 25:2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.10?lang=eng#9 Helaman 6:10]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/8.21?lang=eng#20 8:21]) <br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|2.<br />
|Name of all of the land northward, originally settled by colony which included No. 1 ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.10?lang=eng#9 Helaman 6:10])<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|3.<br />
|City east of [[ZARAHEMLA|Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>]] by the seashore and near the cities of [[GID|G<small>ID</small>]] and [[BOUNTIFUL|B<small>OUNTIFUL</small>]], ca. 67 BC ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/51.26?lang=eng#25 Alma 51:26]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/52.2,%2016,%2017,%2019,%2020,%2022,%2026,%2028,%2034?lang=eng#1 52:2, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 26, 28, 34]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/53.2,%206?lang=eng#1 53:2, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/5.15?lang=eng#14 Helaman 5:15])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
The fairly common West Semitic root ''mlk'', “a type of sacrifice,” would appear to have the requisite vowel, as is indicated by Latin terms derived from Punic, ''molchomor'', probably from ''mlʾk ʾmr'', “sacrifice of a lamb” (DNWSI 642). '''MULEK''' would then be a hypocoristicon meaning “(the divine) sacrifice.”<br />
<br />
An Arabic noun, ''*mulk'', means “power” (DNWSI 640) and may be part of a hypocoristic '''M<small>ULEK</small>''', meaning “(divine) power,” or “(DN) is power.”<br />
<br />
It is tempting to derive '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' from the common Semitic root ''mlk'', “to reign; king; to counsel; counselor.” However, the u vowel does not fit any verbal or noun pattern of North-West Semitic. An a vowel would be expected for both the noun form, ''malku'', and the verbal forms ''mālik'' and ''malik''. <br />
<br />
There are Arabic forms that have a ''u'' vowel, such as a diminutive ''mulik'', “little king” ([[Hugh W. Nibley|HWN]] *), which would make sense if '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' had been little when he escaped the Babylonian siege of [[JERUSALEM|J<small>ERUSALEM</small>]], or if he had been derisively called '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' by those who did not recognize him as king. (Some have suggested that Malchiah in [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/jer/38/6#6 Jeremiah 38:6] might be '''M<small>ULEK</small>'''. The person in this passage is called Malchiah, the son of Hammelech in the KJV, but the Hebrew text should read “Malkiyahu, son of the king” [''mlkyhw bn hmlk'']. The context seems to indicate that Malchiah was at least of age, and not a small babe or child.)<br />
<br />
This name surely derives from the common West Semitic root ''mlk'', “to rule, king,” etc. (as noted by [[Ariel L. Crowley|Ariel Crowley]], “The Escape of Mulek,” Improvement Era, May 1955, p. 324; and [[Janne M. Sjodahl|Sjodahl]], Authenticity of the Book of Mormon, p. 11). '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' was the son of [[ZEDEKIAH|Z<small>EDEKIAH</small>]] ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/hel/6/10#10 Helaman 6:10], [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/hel/8/21#21 8:21]), the king in [[JERUSALEM|J<small>ERUSALEM</small>]] when [[LEHI|L<small>EHI</small>]] left. He came with a party of people to the New World, disembarking in the Land Northward ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/hel/6/10#10 Helaman 6:10]). At least some of the descendants of that group migrated southward to found [[ZARAHEMLA|Z<small>ARAHEMLA</small>]] ([http://scriptures.lds.org/en/mosiah/25/2#2 Mosiah 25:2]). But it has always been assumed, (?) It is very tempting to read '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' as a shortened form of the full name, perhaps a hypocoristicon. But this would not explain the change of vowel quality (always phonemic in the Semitic languages) from [''a''] to [''u'']. Reading [''u''] with common West Semitic would provide the translation “kingdom, dominion” instead of “king” ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]]).<br />
<br />
Less likely is “sacrifice” from ''molk'' in Punic and other West Semitic languages ([[William F. Albright|Albright]] YGC, pp. 205–210; and [[Janne M. Sjodahl|Sjodahl]] Improvement Era 24:140–141) ([[Robert F. Smith|RFS]], [[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). Another most unlikely possibility is to derive it from the root ''hlk'', “to go, walk,” which has been suggested by some as the root of the divine name Molech. If so, '''M<small>ULEK</small>''' would mean “traveler, sojourner” ([[Jo Ann Hackett|JH]]). It would be a name befitting an individual who had traveled a great distance from his homeland; it might be important for the study of metonymy in the Book of Mormon, if only in the sense of wordplays. However, it would be significant only if metonymy can be shown to be a major factor in the determination of Book of Mormon names ([[John A. Tvedtnes|JAT]]).<br />
<br />
Cf. Book of Mormon [[MULOKI|M<small>ULOKI</small>]], [[MELEK|M<small>ELEK</small>]], [[AMALEKI|A<small>MALEKI</small>]], [[AMALICKIAH|A<small>MALICKIAH</small>]], [[AMLICI|A<small>MLICI</small>]], [[AMULEK|A<small>MULEK</small>]], [[MELCHIZEDEK|M<small>ELCHIZEDEK</small>]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Mulek / Muloch Variants]]<br />
<br />
'''Variants'''<br />
<br />
[[Mulek / Muloch Variants|Muloch]], [[Mulek / Muloch Variants|Mulok]], [[Mulek / Muloch Variants|Muleh]]<br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐣𐐆𐐅𐐢𐐊𐐗 (mɪuːlʌk), 𐐣𐐆𐐅𐐢𐐇𐐗 (mɪuːlɛk), 𐐣𐐆𐐄𐐢𐐇𐐗 (mɪoʊlɛk)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
*[[William F. Albright|Albright, William F.]], ''Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: A Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths''. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1968. Pagination differs from London edition. YGC<br />
*[[Jeffrey R. Chadwick]] "Has the Seal of Mulek Been Found?" [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/jbms/?vol=12&num=2&id=324 Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12, no. 2 (2003): 72-83.]<br />
*[[Ariel L. Crowley]] About the Book of Mormon. Idaho City, ID: Deseret News, 1961.<br />
*[[Royal J. Skousen]] [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=104&chapid=1165 History of the Critical Text Project of the Book of Mormon] found in [[Gerald M. Bradford]] and [[Alison V. P. Coutts]]' [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=104 Uncovering the Original Text of the Book of Mormon. Provo, UT: FARMS, 2002.]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Mulekite PN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=JESUS&diff=8637JESUS2013-09-03T23:50:02Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|'''[[:Category:Biblical DN|Biblical DN]]'''<br />
|1.<br />
|The Savior of the world ([http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/25.19,%2020?lang=eng#18 2 Nephi 25:19, 20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/26.12?lang=eng#11 26:12 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/30.5?lang=eng#4 30:5 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/31.10?lang=eng#9 31:10]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/33.4,%206?lang=eng#3 33:4, 6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jacob/4.6?lang=eng#5 Jacob 4:6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/3.8,%2012?lang=eng#7 Mosiah 3:8, 12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/4.2,%203?lang=eng#1 4:2, 3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/4.14?lang=eng#13 Alma 4:14]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5.44,%2048?lang=eng#43 5:44, 48]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/6.8?lang=eng#7 6:8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/9.28?lang=eng#27 9:28]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/19.29?lang=eng#28 19:29]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/36.17,%2018?lang=eng#16 36:17, 18]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/37.9,%2033?lang=eng#8 37:9, 33 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/38.8?lang=eng#7 38:8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/45.4,%2010?lang=eng#3 45:4, 10]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/46.39?lang=eng#38 46:39]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/3.28?lang=eng#27 Helaman 3:28]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/5.9?lang=eng#8 5:9]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/13.6?lang=eng#5 13:6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/14.12?lang=eng#11 14:12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/5.13,%2020,%2026?lang=eng#12 3 Nephi 5:13, 20, 26]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/7.10,%2016,%2018,%2019,%2020,%2021?lang=eng#9 7:10, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/8.1?lang=eng#primary 8:1 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/9.15?lang=eng#14 9:15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/10.10?lang=eng#9 10:10]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/11.2,%2010,%2012,%2017,%2025?lang=eng#1 11:Preface, 2, 10, 12, 17, 25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/12.1?lang=eng#primary 12:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/13.25?lang=eng#24 13:25]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/14.1?lang=eng#primary 14:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/15.1,%202,%2011?lang=eng#primary 15:1, 2, 11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/17.1,%205,%2012,%2013,%2014,%2016,%2017,%2018,%2019?lang=eng#primary 17:1, 5, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/18.1,%2010,%2017,%2026,%2036,%2038?lang=eng#primary 18:1, 10, 17, 26, 36, 38 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/19.1,%202,%203,%204,%206,%207,%208,%2012,%2015,%2018,%2019,%2024,%2025,%2026,%2030,%2035?lang=eng#primary 19:1, 2, 3 (x2), 4, 6, 7, 8 (x3), 12, 15, 18, 19, 24, 25 (x2), 26, 30 (x2), 35]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/20.9,%2010,%2031?lang=eng#8 20:9, 10, 31]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/21.11?lang=eng#10 21:11]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/23.6,%2011,%2013,%2014?lang=eng#5 23:6, 11, 13, 14]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/26.1,%206,%208,%2017,%2020,%2021?lang=eng#primary 26:1, 6, 8, 17 (x2), 20, 21]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/27.1,%202,%2033?lang=eng#primary 27:1 (x2), 2 (x2), 33]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/28.1,%2012,%2023,%2029,%2030,%2034?lang=eng#primary 28:1, 12, 23, 29, 30, 34 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/29.7?lang=eng#6 29:7]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/30.1?lang=eng#primary 30:1]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/4-ne/1.1,%205,%2013,%2014,%2030,%2031,%2034,%2037,%2046?lang=eng#primary 4 Nephi 1:1 (x2), 5 (x2), 13, 14, 30, 31, 34 (x2), 37, 46]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/1.15?lang=eng#14 Mormon 1:15]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/2.14?lang=eng#13 2:14]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/3.14,%2018,%2019,%2021?lang=eng#13 3:14, 18, 19 (x2), 21 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/5.11,%2014?lang=eng#10 5:11, 14]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/6.17?lang=eng#16 6:17]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/7.5,%208?lang=eng#4 7:5, 8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/8.10,%2035?lang=eng#9 8:10, 35]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/9.5,%206,%2012,%2013,%2018,%2022,%2027,%2029,%2037?lang=eng#4 9:5, 6, 12 (x2), 13, 18, 22, 27, 29, 37 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/2.12?lang=eng#11 Ether 2:12]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/3.14,%2017,%2019,%2020?lang=eng#13 3:14, 17, 19, 20]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/4.7,%208?lang=eng#6 4:7, 8]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/5.5?lang=eng#4 5:5]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/12.22,%2039,%2041?lang=eng#21 12:22, 39, 41 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/3.3?lang=eng#2 Moroni 3:3 (x2)]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/4.3?lang=eng#2 4:3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/5.2?lang=eng#1 5:2]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/6.6?lang=eng#5 6:6]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/7.2,%2044,%2048?lang=eng#1 7:2, 44, 48]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/8.2,%203?lang=eng#1 8:2, 3]; [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/9.26?lang=eng#25 9:26])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Etymology'''<br />
<br />
'''JESUS''' is the PN of the Savior of the world and son of [[MARY|M<small>ARY</small>]] whose name is frequently mentioned in the book of Mormon. The resurrected '''J<small>ESUS</small>''' also appears to the people in the New World in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/11?lang=eng 3 Nephi]. The PN '''J<small>ESUS</small>''' is from ''Jesus'' of the Latin versions of the New Testament, itself from the Greek<ref>There are other possibly Greek names in the Book of Mormon: [[ANI-ANTI]], [[ARCHEANTUS]], [[CHRIST]], [[JONAS]], [[LACHONEUS]], [[TIMOTHY]] </ref> ''Iesous'', from the Aramaic/Hebrew ''Yesuaʿ''. [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/nt/matt/1.21?lang=eng#20 Matthew 1:21] "Thou shalt call his name Jesus, for he shall save his people from their sins." may be connected with [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/isa/52.7?lang=eng#6 Isaiah 52:7], "that publisheth salvation" (Heb. ''yesūaʿ).<ref>[[JOSHUA]] appears in the Book of Mormon as a Lehite GN in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/2.6?lang=eng#5 Mormon 2:6]. The possibly related name [[JOSH]] also appears as a Lehite GN and PN</ref><br />
<br />
One notable occurrence of the name '''J<small>ESUS</small>''' is in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/33.6?lang=eng#5 2 Nephi 33:6], in which [[NEPHI|N<small>EPHI</small>]] adds a personal pronoun to the name: “I glory in plainness; I glory in truth; I glory in my '''J<small>ESUS</small>''', for he hath redeemed my soul from hell.” This is the only place in the Book of Mormon, or in the other Standard Works, where such a pronoun is attached. The unique nature of this word structure added to the proximity of the introduction of the name '''J<small>ESUS</small>''' in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/25.19?lang=eng#18 2 Nephi 25],<ref>The name [[CHRIST|JESUS CHRIST]] appears earlier in the Original Manuscript and the 1830 edition of the Book of Mormon, in [http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/12.18?lang=eng#17 Nephi 12:18]. Joseph Smith changed the name to Messiah for the 1837 edition. See Skousen, Royal. ''Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon'' (Provo, UT: FARMS, 2004), v. 1, pp. 258-259.</ref> point to a possible reading: “I glory in my savior”. The follow-up line regarding redemption furthers this idea since “saving” and “freeing” are akin to the concept of “redemption” or “buying back”. Just as plainness and truth are paired in the previous lines. The linguistic roots shifting the word “savior” to the PN “'''J<small>ESUS</small>'''” exist for Hebrew, but without knowledge of Book of Mormon grammar this assumption is impossible to verify. Nephi may have composed this as a double entendre or intended a play on words. The verse already has other marks of Hebrew poetry with the parallelism “I glory in plainness; I glory in truth”.<ref>Tvedtnes, John A. “Faith and Truth,” [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/jbms/?vol=3&num=2&id=65 ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 3/2 (1994): 115].</ref> Joseph Smith may have simply chosen one out of two possible translations of a homonym. It’s also possible there is no connection between the original language of the Book of Mormon words “'''J<small>ESUS</small>'''” and “Savior”.<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
'''[[Deseret Alphabet]]:''' 𐐖𐐀𐐞𐐊𐐝 (dʒiːzʌs), 𐐖𐐀𐐞𐐇𐐝 (dʒiːzɛs)<br />
<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
----<br />
[[Category:Names]][[Category:Biblical DN]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Hebrew_Transliteration&diff=8593Hebrew Transliteration2013-08-17T20:46:39Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>{|class="wikitable" width="75%" style="text-align: center"<br />
|-<br />
!Character<br />
!Letter<br />
!Transliteration<br />
|-<br />
| width="25%"|'''א'''<br />
| width="25%"|''ʾālep''<br />
| width="25%"|''ʾ'' <br />
|-<br />
|'''ב'''<br />
|''bêt''<br />
|''b''<br />
|-<br />
|ג<br />
|''gîmel''<br />
|''g''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ד'''<br />
|''dāleth''<br />
|''d''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ה'''<br />
|''hê''<br />
|''h''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ו'''<br />
|''wāw''<br />
|''w''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ז'''<br />
|''zayin''<br />
|''z''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ח'''<br />
|''ḥêt''<br />
|''ḥ''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ט'''<br />
|''ṭêt''<br />
|''ṭ''<br />
|-<br />
|'''י'''<br />
|''yôd''<br />
|''y''<br />
|-<br />
|'''כ,ך'''<br />
|''kāp''<br />
|''k''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ל'''<br />
|''lāmed''<br />
|''l''<br />
|-<br />
|'''מ,ם'''<br />
|''mêm''<br />
|''m''<br />
|-<br />
|'''נ,ן'''<br />
|''nûn''<br />
|''n''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ס'''<br />
|''sāmek''<br />
|''s''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ע'''<br />
|ʿayin<br />
|ʿ<br />
|-<br />
|'''פ,ף'''<br />
|''pê''<br />
|''p''<br />
|-<br />
|'''צ'''<br />
|''ṣādê''<br />
|''ṣ''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ק'''<br />
|''qôp''<br />
|''q''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ר'''<br />
|''rêš''<br />
|''r''<br />
|-<br />
|'''שׂ'''<br />
|''śîn''<br />
|''ś''<br />
|-<br />
|'''שׁ'''<br />
|''šîn''<br />
|''š''<br />
|-<br />
|'''ת'''<br />
|''tāw''<br />
|''t''<br />
|}</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=8592Main Page2013-08-08T16:40:27Z<p>Rlc42: /* The Laura F. Willes Center for Book of Mormon StudiesBook of Mormon Onomasticon */</p>
<hr />
<div>='''<small>The Laura F. Willes Center for Book of Mormon Studies</small><big><br>Book of Mormon Onomasticon</big>'''=<br />
{| border="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
==Contents==<br />
*[[Foreword]]<br />
*[[Preface]]<br />
<big><br />
[[Name Index]]<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[A]]<br />
|[[B]]<br />
|[[C]]<br />
|[[D]]<br />
|[[E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[G]]<br />
|[[H]]<br />
|[[I]]<br />
|[[J]]<br />
|[[K]]<br />
|[[L]]<br />
|[[M]]<br />
|[[N]]<br />
|[[O]]<br />
|[[P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[R]]<br />
|[[S]]<br />
|[[T]]<br />
|[[U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Z]]<br />
|}<br />
<small><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
[[Variant List]]<br />
|[[Aa|A]]<br />
|[[Bb|B]]<br />
|[[Cc|C]]<br />
|[[Dd|D]]<br />
|[[Ee|E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[Gg|G]]<br />
|[[Hh|H]]<br />
|[[Ii|I]]<br />
|[[Jj|J]]<br />
|[[Kk|K]]<br />
|[[Ll|L]]<br />
|[[Mm|M]]<br />
|[[Nn|N]]<br />
|[[Oo|O]]<br />
|[[Pp|P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[Rr|R]]<br />
|[[Ss|S]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">T</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">U</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Zz|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
[[Reverse Alphabetic Name List]]<br />
<small><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[AR|A]]<br />
|[[BR|B]]<br />
|[[CR|C]]<br />
|[[DR|D]]<br />
|[[ER|E]]<br />
|[[FR|F]]<br />
|[[GR|G]]<br />
|[[HR|H]]<br />
|[[IR|I]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">J</font><br />
|[[KR|K]]<br />
|[[LR|L]]<br />
|[[MR|M]]<br />
|[[NR|N]]<br />
|[[OR|O]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">P</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[RR|R]]<br />
|[[SR|S]]<br />
|[[TR|T]]<br />
|[[UR|U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|[[YR|Y]]<br />
|[[ZR|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
<big><br />
Reverse Variant List<br />
|[[AaR|A]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">B</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">C</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">D</font><br />
|[[EeR|E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">G</font><br />
|[[HhR|H]]<br />
|[[IiR|I]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">J</font><br />
|[[KkR|K]]<br />
|[[LlR|L]]<br />
|[[MmR|M]]<br />
|[[NnR|N]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">O</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">P</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[RrR|R]]<br />
|[[SsR|S]]<br />
|[[TtR|T]]<br />
|[[UuR|U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|[[YyR|Y]]<br />
|[[ZzR|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt" <br />
|-<br />
*[[Names by Plates]]<br />
*[[Chart]]<br />
*[[Bibliography]]<br />
*[[Abbreviations]]<br />
*[[Participant Contact Information]]<br />
*[[Fun Facts]]<br />
===Links===<br />
*[[:Category:Pearl of Great Price Names|Pearl of Great Price Onomasticon]]<br />
*[http://mi.byu.edu: Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship]<br />
*[http://www.lds.org: LDS.ORG]<br />
*[http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Encyclopedia_of_Mormonism The Encyclopedia of Mormonism]<br />
*[http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=70 A Comprehensive Annotated Book of Mormon Bibliography]<br />
*[http://josephsmithpapers.org/ The Joseph Smith Papers]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=The_Laura_F._Willes_Center_for_Book_of_Mormon_Studies&diff=8591The Laura F. Willes Center for Book of Mormon Studies2013-08-08T16:36:30Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Book of Mormon Onomasticon=<br />
{| border="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
==Contents==<br />
*[[Foreword]]<br />
*[[Preface]]<br />
<big><br />
[[Name Index]]<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[A]]<br />
|[[B]]<br />
|[[C]]<br />
|[[D]]<br />
|[[E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[G]]<br />
|[[H]]<br />
|[[I]]<br />
|[[J]]<br />
|[[K]]<br />
|[[L]]<br />
|[[M]]<br />
|[[N]]<br />
|[[O]]<br />
|[[P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[R]]<br />
|[[S]]<br />
|[[T]]<br />
|[[U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Z]]<br />
|}<br />
<small><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
[[Variant List]]<br />
|[[Aa|A]]<br />
|[[Bb|B]]<br />
|[[Cc|C]]<br />
|[[Dd|D]]<br />
|[[Ee|E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[Gg|G]]<br />
|[[Hh|H]]<br />
|[[Ii|I]]<br />
|[[Jj|J]]<br />
|[[Kk|K]]<br />
|[[Ll|L]]<br />
|[[Mm|M]]<br />
|[[Nn|N]]<br />
|[[Oo|O]]<br />
|[[Pp|P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[Rr|R]]<br />
|[[Ss|S]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">T</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">U</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Zz|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
[[Reverse Alphabetic Name List]]<br />
<small><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[AR|A]]<br />
|[[BR|B]]<br />
|[[CR|C]]<br />
|[[DR|D]]<br />
|[[ER|E]]<br />
|[[FR|F]]<br />
|[[GR|G]]<br />
|[[HR|H]]<br />
|[[IR|I]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">J</font><br />
|[[KR|K]]<br />
|[[LR|L]]<br />
|[[MR|M]]<br />
|[[NR|N]]<br />
|[[OR|O]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">P</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[RR|R]]<br />
|[[SR|S]]<br />
|[[TR|T]]<br />
|[[UR|U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|[[YR|Y]]<br />
|[[ZR|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
<big><br />
Reverse Variant List<br />
|[[AaR|A]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">B</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">C</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">D</font><br />
|[[EeR|E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">G</font><br />
|[[HhR|H]]<br />
|[[IiR|I]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">J</font><br />
|[[KkR|K]]<br />
|[[LlR|L]]<br />
|[[MmR|M]]<br />
|[[NnR|N]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">O</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">P</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[RrR|R]]<br />
|[[SsR|S]]<br />
|[[TtR|T]]<br />
|[[UuR|U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|[[YyR|Y]]<br />
|[[ZzR|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt" <br />
|-<br />
*[[Names by Plates]]<br />
*[[Chart]]<br />
*[[Bibliography]]<br />
*[[Abbreviations]]<br />
*[[Participant Contact Information]]<br />
*[[Fun Facts]]<br />
===Links===<br />
*[[:Category:Pearl of Great Price Names|Pearl of Great Price Onomasticon]]<br />
*[http://mi.byu.edu: Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship]<br />
*[http://www.lds.org: LDS.ORG]<br />
*[http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Encyclopedia_of_Mormonism The Encyclopedia of Mormonism]<br />
*[http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=70 A Comprehensive Annotated Book of Mormon Bibliography]<br />
*[http://josephsmithpapers.org/ The Joseph Smith Papers]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=The_Laura_F._Willes_Center_for_Book_of_Mormon_Studies&diff=8590The Laura F. Willes Center for Book of Mormon Studies2013-08-08T16:35:39Z<p>Rlc42: Created page with "<big><font color="Midnightblue">Book of Mormon Onomasticon</font></big>'''= {| border="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%" |- ==Contents== *Foreword *Preface <big> [[Name In..."</p>
<hr />
<div><big><font color="Midnightblue">Book of Mormon Onomasticon</font></big>'''=<br />
{| border="0" cellpadding="5" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
==Contents==<br />
*[[Foreword]]<br />
*[[Preface]]<br />
<big><br />
[[Name Index]]<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[A]]<br />
|[[B]]<br />
|[[C]]<br />
|[[D]]<br />
|[[E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[G]]<br />
|[[H]]<br />
|[[I]]<br />
|[[J]]<br />
|[[K]]<br />
|[[L]]<br />
|[[M]]<br />
|[[N]]<br />
|[[O]]<br />
|[[P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[R]]<br />
|[[S]]<br />
|[[T]]<br />
|[[U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Z]]<br />
|}<br />
<small><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
[[Variant List]]<br />
|[[Aa|A]]<br />
|[[Bb|B]]<br />
|[[Cc|C]]<br />
|[[Dd|D]]<br />
|[[Ee|E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|[[Gg|G]]<br />
|[[Hh|H]]<br />
|[[Ii|I]]<br />
|[[Jj|J]]<br />
|[[Kk|K]]<br />
|[[Ll|L]]<br />
|[[Mm|M]]<br />
|[[Nn|N]]<br />
|[[Oo|O]]<br />
|[[Pp|P]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[Rr|R]]<br />
|[[Ss|S]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">T</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">U</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Y</font><br />
|[[Zz|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
[[Reverse Alphabetic Name List]]<br />
<small><br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
|[[AR|A]]<br />
|[[BR|B]]<br />
|[[CR|C]]<br />
|[[DR|D]]<br />
|[[ER|E]]<br />
|[[FR|F]]<br />
|[[GR|G]]<br />
|[[HR|H]]<br />
|[[IR|I]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">J</font><br />
|[[KR|K]]<br />
|[[LR|L]]<br />
|[[MR|M]]<br />
|[[NR|N]]<br />
|[[OR|O]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">P</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[RR|R]]<br />
|[[SR|S]]<br />
|[[TR|T]]<br />
|[[UR|U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|[[YR|Y]]<br />
|[[ZR|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="75%pt" <br />
|-<br />
<big><br />
Reverse Variant List<br />
|[[AaR|A]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">B</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">C</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">D</font><br />
|[[EeR|E]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">F</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">G</font><br />
|[[HhR|H]]<br />
|[[IiR|I]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">J</font><br />
|[[KkR|K]]<br />
|[[LlR|L]]<br />
|[[MmR|M]]<br />
|[[NnR|N]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">O</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">P</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">Q</font><br />
|[[RrR|R]]<br />
|[[SsR|S]]<br />
|[[TtR|T]]<br />
|[[UuR|U]]<br />
|<font color="lightgray">V</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">W</font><br />
|<font color="lightgray">X</font><br />
|[[YyR|Y]]<br />
|[[ZzR|Z]]<br />
|}<br />
{|border="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%pt" <br />
|-<br />
*[[Names by Plates]]<br />
*[[Chart]]<br />
*[[Bibliography]]<br />
*[[Abbreviations]]<br />
*[[Participant Contact Information]]<br />
*[[Fun Facts]]<br />
===Links===<br />
*[[:Category:Pearl of Great Price Names|Pearl of Great Price Onomasticon]]<br />
*[http://mi.byu.edu: Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship]<br />
*[http://www.lds.org: LDS.ORG]<br />
*[http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Encyclopedia_of_Mormonism The Encyclopedia of Mormonism]<br />
*[http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=70 A Comprehensive Annotated Book of Mormon Bibliography]<br />
*[http://josephsmithpapers.org/ The Joseph Smith Papers]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=KOKOB&diff=8520KOKOB2013-06-28T16:35:07Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
<br />
Defined in the text as "star" [http://lds.org/scriptures/pgp/abr/3.13?lang=eng#12 Abraham 3:13]. The word kokab is attested 37 times in the Hebrew Bible, usually plural, except in [http://lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/24.17?lang=eng#16 Numbers 24:17] and [http://lds.org/scriptures/ot/amos/5.26?lang=eng#25 Amos 5:26]<br />
<br />
See also [[HAH-KO-KAU-BEAM]], [[KOKAUBEAM]], [[KOLOB]]<br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
*[[Daniel C. Peterson|Peterson, Daniel C.]], [[John Gee]], and [[Wiliiam J. Hamblin]]. [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=40&chapid=161 "And I Saw the Stars -- The Book of Abraham and Ancient Geocentric Astronomy"] In ''Astronomy, Papyrus, and Covenant'', edited by John Gee, ##-##. Provo, UT:FARMS, 2005.<br />
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[[Category:Pearl of Great Price Names]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=KOKOB&diff=8519KOKOB2013-06-28T16:34:01Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
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<div>'''This entry is not finished'''<br />
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Defined in the text as "star" [http://lds.org/scriptures/pgp/abr/3.13?lang=eng#12 Abraham 3:13]. The name most likely comes from the Hebrew kokab attested 37 times in the Hebrew Bible, usually plural, except in [http://lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/24.17?lang=eng#16 Numbers 24:17] and [http://lds.org/scriptures/ot/amos/5.26?lang=eng#25 Amos 5:26]<br />
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See also [[HAH-KO-KAU-BEAM]], [[KOKAUBEAM]], [[KOLOB]]<br />
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'''Bibliography'''<br />
----<br />
*[[Daniel C. Peterson|Peterson, Daniel C.]], [[John Gee]], and [[Wiliiam J. Hamblin]]. [http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=40&chapid=161 "And I Saw the Stars -- The Book of Abraham and Ancient Geocentric Astronomy"] In ''Astronomy, Papyrus, and Covenant'', edited by John Gee, ##-##. Provo, UT:FARMS, 2005.<br />
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[[Category:Pearl of Great Price Names]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=KOKOB&diff=8518KOKOB2013-06-28T16:14:18Z<p>Rlc42: </p>
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<div>'''No entry has been made yet.'''<br />
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Defined in the text as Star [http://lds.org/scriptures/pgp/abr/3.13?lang=eng#12 Abraham 3:13]. The name most likely comes from the Hebrew kokab attested 37 times in the Hebrew Bible, usually plural except in [http://lds.org/scriptures/ot/num/24.17?lang=eng#16 Numbers 24:17] and [http://lds.org/scriptures/ot/amos/5.26?lang=eng#25 Amos 5:26]<br />
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[[Category:Pearl of Great Price Names]]</div>Rlc42https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=SHULEM&diff=8517SHULEM2013-06-28T16:06:48Z<p>Rlc42: Created page with "Category:Pearl of Great Price Names"</p>
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<div>[[Category:Pearl of Great Price Names]]</div>Rlc42